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Judgment 31 January 2025

 

Judgment 13 December 2024

Civil Procedure—summary suit—leave to defend—advocate-client costs—conflict of interest—professional misconduct—illiterate affidavit—no triable issue—application struck out—judgment entered—costs awarded

Judgment 3 December 2024
Court reduced manifestly excessive instruction fees in election-petition taxation, adjusting awards to reasonable levels.
* Taxation of costs – instruction fees in election petitions – application of sixth schedule (Regs. 6 and 9) to Advocates (Remuneration and Taxation of Costs) Regulations 2018 – interference with taxing officer only in exceptional cases where award is manifestly excessive or wrong in principle. * Factors: nature, importance, complexity, novelty, place, time expended, public interest and prevailing economics. * Election petition remuneration balanced against public interest not to deter candidates.
Judgment 6 November 2024
Court struck out affidavits illegally obtained, affirmed dismissal for insufficient evidence, and denied winner's costs for counsel misconduct.
Election law – Election petition – Parliamentary Elections Act s.61 – standard and burden of proof (balance of probabilities and satisfaction of court); Advocates' Professional Conduct – Rule 19 – improper solicitation of recanting affidavits and striking out forbidden affidavits; Evidence – requirement for corroborative electoral materials (ballot boxes, voters' registers) to prove quantitative/qualitative non-compliance; Attribution of irregularities – not a prerequisite for setting aside election; Costs – denial of costs for counsel misconduct and referral to Law Council.
Judgment 19 March 2024
Admissibility of uncertified DR forms and formal defects in affidavits determine proof in an election petition; appeal dismissed.
Electoral law – Parliamentary election petition – standard and burden of proof – balance of probabilities and cogent evidence; Affidavits – jurat and certification formalities, Illiterates Protection Act; Signatures – discrepancies with National ID do not alone invalidate affidavits absent contrary evidence; Evidence – public documents (DR forms) require certified copies under Evidence Act ss.73,75,76; secondary evidence admissible only in exceptional circumstances and after notice to produce; Appellate procedure – grounds must be concise and non‑argumentative.
Judgment 24 January 2024
Petitioner failed to prove substantial non-compliance; election upheld and petition dismissed with costs.
* Election law – burden and standard of proof – petitioner must prove non-compliance and substantial effect on result (high degree of probability). * Affidavit evidence – recanting witnesses and Rule 19 issues – recanting affidavits rejected as not credible where contradictory and uncorroborated. * Evidence requirements – importance of original voters’ registers, appointment of agents, and contemporaneous complaints when alleging polling irregularities. * Presence of security and minor disturbances – lawful police intervention does not automatically vitiate an election. * Remedies – where non-compliance not shown to be substantial, election will not be nullified.
Judgment 20 January 2023
Appellant failed to prove lack of qualifications or bribery; election valid and appeal dismissed.
Election law – Candidate qualifications – proof of academic credentials and identity; Evidence – evaluation of witness credibility and materiality of inconsistencies; Electoral offences – bribery – elements: gift by candidate/agent, intent to influence registered voters, proof of recipients being registered voters; Electronic evidence – admissibility and authenticity under the Electronic Transactions Act 2011; Appellate review – re-evaluation of affidavit and oral evidence.
Judgment 5 August 2022
Judgment 24 June 2022
Appellant failed to prove respondent lacked required A‑Level qualification; UNEB explanation and corroborating evidence upheld.
* Election law – qualification for parliamentary office – minimum A‑Level requirement and proof thereof. * Documentary evidence – identity and name discrepancies; evidential weight of original certificates, entry forms and issuing authority correspondence. * UNEB practice – meaning and effect of "SUPPLEMENTARY" inscription on certificates. * Burden and standard of proof in election petitions – balance of probabilities; need for cogent evidence. * Pre‑nomination complaints and estoppel – failure to complain during nomination may bar subsequent challenges.
Judgment 16 June 2022
A court cannot extend a mandatory statutory time limit for filing an election petition; proceedings after such an unlawful extension are nullities.
* Constitutional and statutory interpretation – Local Government Act s.138 – mandatory statutory time-limits for filing election petitions – courts have no inherent jurisdiction to extend such periods. * Election law – jurisdiction – proceedings continued after unlawful extension of filing time are nullities. * Electoral procedure – residency and voter-registration challenges rendered academic where petition is time-barred.
Judgment 6 May 2022
Nomination complaints belong to the Electoral Commission pre‑poll; petitioner failed to prove bribery or tender admissible evidence.
Electoral law — Pre‑poll nomination complaints — Jurisdiction of Electoral Commission as first instance and appeals to High Court; Evidence — Admissibility — foundational proof for court orders, hearsay and timing inconsistencies; Voter proof — National Voters’ Register required to prove a person is a registered voter; Election offences — Bribery must be proved with corroboration and proof recipients were registered voters; Appellate procedure — fresh issues not raised at trial cannot be entertained on appeal.
Judgment 6 May 2022
Strike‑out application dismissed where memorandum and record were timely filed and service rules were not breached.
Election appeals — procedure — essential steps to prosecute appeal — filing Memorandum of Appeal within 7 days — Record of Appeal within 30 days — service rules under Rule 80 and Rule 88 — computation of time and registry stamps — strike‑out application dismissed.
Judgment 6 May 2022
Applicant failed to prove essential procedural non-compliance; appeal documents were filed and service did not justify striking out.
Election law — appeals — procedural requirements — filing of Memorandum of Appeal and Record of Appeal within prescribed time; service of record — Rule 80 notice of address for service; Rule 88 categorisation and timelines; failure to show prejudice — strike out application dismissed.
Judgment 6 May 2022
Judgment 4 May 2022
An appeal was struck out because the Memorandum of Appeal was filed out of the seven‑day statutory time without explanation.
* Election law – parliamentary election petition appeals – time limits for Notice, Memorandum and Record of Appeal (Rules 29–31). * Civil procedure – strike out of appeal – Rule 82 Judicature (Court of Appeal) Rules – essential steps not taken within prescribed time. * Procedural irregularity – citation of wrong law not necessarily fatal where correct jurisdictional basis exists. * Affidavit evidence as pleading – summary of evidence not always required.
Judgment 26 April 2022
Judgment 25 April 2022
Court may allow payment of filing-fee shortfalls under section 97 CPA and should not expunge illiterate affidavits without calling deponents.
* Election law – Filing fees – Mandatory rules versus judicial discretion – Applicability of section 97 Civil Procedure Act to election petitions via Rule 17. * Procedural law – Preliminary objections – Trial court discretion to hear points of law at outset. * Evidence – Affidavits executed by illiterate deponents – Illiterates Protection Act compliance and need to summon deponents before expunging affidavits. * Remedies – Setting aside dismissal for curable procedural defects and remitting matter for trial on merits.
Judgment 25 April 2022
Judgment 1 September 2021
Judgment 2 August 2021
Judgment 18 March 2021
Recount applications are discretionary and require cogent direct evidence; hearsay and unsigned allegations do not justify recounts.
Election law – Recount and scrutiny of ballot papers – Discretionary nature of recounts under section 55(1) PEA – Requirement for cogent, non-hearsay evidence to justify recount – Significance of signed DR forms and permissible multiple handwriting – Costs and security for costs under sections 55(3) and 56(2) PEA.
Judgment 2 February 2021

Contract Law

Judgment 27 February 2018
Judgment 6 February 2017
Applicant failed to prove respondent was not a Ugandan citizen; respondent’s Ugandan documents established lawful nomination and election.
* Election law – qualification to stand for Parliament – citizenship by birth and descent under the Constitution and relevant statutes. * Evidence – authenticity and admissibility of documentary proof (uncertified photocopies, foreign voter cards) and proper proof of provenance. * Burden and standard of proof in election petitions – contestant bears burden; balance of probabilities. * Local authority powers – limits on registration of aliens under Aliens (Registration and Control) Act.
Judgment 15 August 2016
Court set aside parliamentary election after court‑ordered recount was frustrated by destruction of ballot boxes, ordering a fresh election.
* Election law – mandatory recount (s.54 PEA) – timing and effect of transmission of results; court‑sanctioned recount (s.55 PEA) – adjournment and frustration. * Destruction/tampering of ballot boxes – non‑compliance with s.52 PEA and inability to audit results. * Non‑compliance – quantitative and qualitative effect on an election decided by a narrow margin. * Electoral offences – insufficient evidence to prove culpability where criminal proceedings pending. * Remedy – election set aside; fresh election ordered; partial costs against Electoral Commission.
Judgment 14 June 2016
The respondent’s failure to file the record and memorandum within the prescribed time rendered the appeal incompetent and struck out.
Appeal procedure — mandatory filing of Record and Memorandum of Appeal within 60 days — failure to take essential step renders appeal incompetent — striking out appeal and costs.
Judgment 30 April 2004
An unendorsed Notice of Appeal missing date/time is a nullity, making the appeal incompetent and liable to be struck out with costs.
Appeal procedure – Notice of Appeal – mandatory endorsement by High Court Registrar and indication of date/time – absence renders notice a nullity; service of notice must be proved; procedural rules substantive, not mere technicalities.
Judgment 27 November 2003
An appeal filed without mandatory leave is incompetent, rendering related interim applications unenforceable and dismissible.
Civil procedure – Appeal competency – Requirement of leave to appeal from tribunal – Appeal filed without mandatory leave is incompetent and divests court of jurisdiction; interlocutory applications founded on such incompetent appeals are likewise incompetent; single judge’s powers under rule 52(1)(c) are limited.
Judgment 30 June 2003
The plaintiff proved payment for half the property and is entitled to half possession and rents; counterclaim dismissed.
Property law – co-ownership (tenants in common) – burden of proof of payment of purchase money; Resulting trust and fraud – requirement of strict proof; Registration of Titles Act – protection of registered proprietor; Power of Attorney – unregistered instrument acted upon and later revoked; Equitable mortgage – not established; Accounting – duty of managing co-owner to account for rents and expenses.
Judgment 25 June 1996
The applicant's registered title is protected absent strict proof of fraud; respondents' post-determination occupation is trespass.
Property law – Lease determination and re-entry – Registration of Titles Act – Protection of bona fide purchasers – Requirement and burden to plead and strictly prove fraud – Possession and trespass – Mesne profits – Proof of special damages in counter-claim.
Judgment 31 May 1996
Defendant vicariously liable for negligent dangerous overtaking; plaintiff awarded special and general damages.
* Motor vehicle accidents – negligent overtaking on a sharp corner – liability for resultant collision. * Vicarious liability – master‑servant relationship established; owner responsibility despite unpaid instalments (Sale of Goods Ordinance). * Damages – proof required for special damages and reasonable assessment of general damages for personal injury. * Ex parte proceedings – court must ensure pleadings and evidence suffice to support judgment.
Judgment 18 October 1995
Licence-holder deprived by municipal re-entry entitled to compensation; grantee must surrender title or pay shs.13,500,000 with interest.
Property law – municipal re-entry of licensed land – failure to give reasonable notice; Registration of Titles Act – conclusive certificate subject to constitutional protection against deprivation of property; entitlement to compensation for improvements; remedy: surrender of title or monetary compensation with interest and costs.
Judgment 26 July 1994