Industrial Court of Uganda

The Industrial Court was established under the Labour Disputes (Arbitration and Settlement) Act, 2006 Cap 224, Laws of Uganda, and section 7.  2006.

The Act was assentenced to on 24th May 2006; and commenced on the 07th August 2006 via a Ministerial statutory instrument.

The Court's jurisdiction ambit are labour disputes referred to it by a party to a dispute where a labour officer has failed to dispose of the dispute within 08 weeks under the court's regulations as requested under the act, disputes referred by the Labour officer at the request of the party or on the officer's own volition when is unable to resolve the dispute; or by responsible Minister on notice of an intended withdrawal of labour within 05 days. Appeals can also be filed against labour officers' decision under the Employment Act. The Court has no original jurisdiction over Labour disputes.

 

Physical address
Plot 25-27, off Martyr's way Ntinda. P.O.Box, 21456 Kampala.
736 judgments
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736 judgments
Citation
Judgment date
December 2022
Transfer preserves contract duration but unlawful retention on old pay scale entitles applicant to back pay; non‑renewal of fixed‑term contract lawful.
Employment law – transfer of contracts under Section 28 of the Employment Act – transferred contracts preserve duration and continuity; validation may vary terms. Fixed-term contracts – non-renewal at expiry lawful absent contract terms to the contrary. Labour rights – allegations of victimisation/discrimination must be proved; mere validation process does not equate to unlawful non-renewal. Remedies – unlawful pay-scale retention entitles employee to back pay; interest awarded; other relief denied.
7 December 2022
Court granted substituted service by newspaper and extended time to serve summons after applicants showed due diligence and no prejudice.
* Civil procedure – substituted service – where registered office and business addresses unresponsive – due diligence by affidavit and postal receipts. * Civil procedure – service on corporations – Order 29 Rule 2 CPR; Order 5 Rule 22 CPR. * Labour procedure – enlargement of time – substantive justice and sufficient cause where delay not dilatory; costs to abide outcome. * Remedy – substituted service by newspaper publication (New Vision or Daily Monitor) within 21 days.
5 December 2022
Respondents had locus standi; late reply struck out; applicant allowed to amend except for matters outside this Court's jurisdiction.
* Employment law – procedural objections – locus standi of named employers; late filing of memorandum of reply; striking out for failure to show sufficient cause. * Civil procedure – amendment of pleadings (Order 6 Rule 19 CPR) – leave to amend to clarify claims but refusal where amendments invoke fora outside court's jurisdiction. * Evidence – affidavits require deponent's knowledge/belief, not separate authorization. * Advocacy – advocates not required to produce instruments of instruction on appearance. * Jurisdiction – Workers Compensation Act and Occupational Safety and Health Act matters not within Industrial Court's jurisdiction.
2 December 2022
Judge recused after participating in mediation to avoid a perception of partiality; parties notified.
* Judicial recusal – impartiality and appearance of bias – participation in mediation may create personal knowledge of disputed facts and require recusal under Code of Conduct and Recusal Directions (2019); constitutional right to fair and impartial hearing (Art. 28).
2 December 2022
November 2022
Employee lawfully dismissed for unauthorized absence and failure to produce required medical evidence; procedure complied with statutory requirements.
Employment law – dismissal for unauthorized absence/absconding; sick leave – requirement to produce medical evidence; procedural fairness – compliance with sections 66 and 68 of the Employment Act; section 75 – entitlement to leave; essential employee duties and breach of contract.
25 November 2022
Applicant granted extension to file replies after former counsel’s omission; mistake of counsel accepted as sufficient cause.
Labour law – extension of time to file pleadings – mistake/omission of counsel as sufficient cause – Rule 6 Labour Disputes (Industrial Court Procedure) Rules – adoption of Civil Procedure Rules where Court Rules silent – uncontroverted affidavit evidence accepted.
11 November 2022
Applicant’s extension/leave denied for dilatory conduct, but flawed arbitral award set aside and remitted for fresh inter-partes hearing.
Labour law – appeal and extension of time – leave to appeal; Civil Procedure – good cause for enlargement of time; Procedural fairness – requirement for oath, recorded evidence and stated reasons in labour adjudications; Miscarriage of justice – setting aside arbitral award and remitting for fresh inter-partes hearing; Costs – dilatory conduct may attract adverse costs order.
9 November 2022
Whether an acting appointment entitles the claimant to an acting allowance (not a responsibility allowance) and related remedies; court awards outstanding allowance and damages.
Employment law – Acting appointments – Scope and effect of standing orders (F37) – Director’s power to appoint staff to act in higher posts – Entitlement to acting allowance versus responsibility allowance; Limitation law – accrual of cause of action for unpaid remuneration – six-year limitation period; Remedies – calculation of outstanding acting allowance, interest and general damages.
4 November 2022
Applicant granted extension to file replies because former counsel failed to file pleadings; mistake of counsel accepted as sufficient cause.
Extension of time – Labour disputes – Failure of counsel to file pleadings – Mistake or omission of counsel as sufficient cause – Industrial Court rules supplemented by Civil Procedure Rules – Unopposed affidavits presumed true.
4 November 2022
4 November 2022
Probation can only be validly extended with employee consent; unproven extension makes termination unfair and some awards exceeded labour officer jurisdiction.
Employment law – Probation – Extension of probation requires employee consent (s.67 Employment Act); written contract cannot be varied by parol evidence. Labour procedure – Labour officer must not mix conciliation and adjudication; adequate record-keeping is required. Jurisdiction – Labour officer lacks power to award special/general/punitive damages or to order payment for unserved future contract period; Industrial Court may modify or substitute awards on appeal. Remedies – Terminal benefits properly awarded; future salary awards for remaining fixed-term period are not available to labour officers.
4 November 2022
A dispute may be referred to the Industrial Court where the labour officer fails to determine the complaint within the statutory period; referral was not premature.
Industrial Court jurisdiction; premature referral; LADASA s.6 inapplicable to employee–employer dispute; LADASA s.5 and s.5(3); Employment Act s.93(7); distinction from completed arbitration (Meru); right to refer after labour officer fails to determine within statutory period.
3 November 2022
The applicant's strike-out for premature referral was dismissed; referral valid where labour officer failed to determine within statutory period.
Industrial Court — premature referral — LADASA s6 inapplicable to individual employee disputes; arbitration/mediation not concluded; Employment Act s93(7) and LADASA ss5/5(3) permit referral after statutory period; Meru distinguished.
3 November 2022
October 2022
Section 93(7) of the Employment Act is directory; referral after 90 days is not automatically time-barred.
Employment law – Section 93(7) Employment Act – meaning of 'may' – directory vs mandatory; Time limits – 90-day period and referral to Industrial Court; Procedural rules – relevance of Rule 6 (leave) where labour officer referred matter.
28 October 2022
Referral to the Industrial Court was premature where the Labour Officer had heard evidence but failed to render a decision.
Labour law – referral to Industrial Court – premature referral where Labour Officer conducted adjudication but failed to render a decision – duty to make binding order under s.13(1)(a) Employment Act 2006 and Regulation 8(3) Employment Regulations – replication of proceedings discouraged.
28 October 2022
Leave to adduce fresh evidence on appeal denied for failure to show new, material evidence or prior denial by lower forum.
Civil procedure – Admission of additional evidence on appeal – Exceptional circumstances required – Criteria: relevance, credibility, materiality, due diligence and absence of undue delay – Requirement to show lower court refused to admit evidence – Tendered document held not newly discovered or material.
27 October 2022
Where a defendant has no assets in jurisdiction but lacks intent to evade, court may order a reasonable bank guarantee for appearance.
Civil Procedure – Attachment before judgment (Order 40 CPR) – requirement to show intent to avoid execution – absence of assets in jurisdiction – bank guarantee as security for appearance; purchaser’s lack of legal nexus to seller’s liabilities.
26 October 2022
A manifest arithmetic error in an award justifies review and substitution of the correct sum; other orders unchanged.
• Civil procedure — Review — Error apparent on the face of the record — manifest arithmetic error in award subject to substitution.• Evidence — Affidavit in reply — Order 19 Rule 3 CPR — affidavit allowed where it contains factual matter within deponent’s knowledge, not argumentative law.• Remedies — Substitution of award figure; preservation of interest; no costs on partial success.
20 October 2022
Labour officer may entertain out‑of‑time dismissal complaints; eleven‑month delay was not time‑barred and claim proceeds.
Employment law – Limitation and jurisdiction – Section 71(2) Employment Act: labour officer’s discretion to entertain complaints after three months; not a strict limitation period – Complaints within six‑year Limitation Act period are not time‑barred – Preliminary objection on time dismissed.
14 October 2022
Applicants granted leave to prosecute a representative labour claim after proving written authorizations from 89 dismissed employees.
Representative suits – Order 1 Rule 8 CPR – requirements for representative action: same actual and existing interest, written authorizations, list of persons represented – public advertisement where personal service impracticable – labour dispute claims for unlawful dismissal.
14 October 2022
Reference to the Industrial Court was premature and the matter is remitted to the Labour Officer to decide on the existing record.
Labour law — Premature referral to Industrial Court after completion of hearings; arbitral proceedings — duty of Labour Officer to issue decision and reasons (Reg. 8(3)); abuse of court process and prejudice where reference made after evidence and submissions; remedy — remittal to Labour Officer to decide on existing record.
14 October 2022
Whether the applicant may compel the respondent to produce seven‑year‑old attendance records, and whether a late affidavit should be struck out.
* Civil procedure – production of documents – relevance, possession and discretion; * Affidavit in reply – late filing – treated as evidence and not struck out where no prejudice and substantive justice warrants; * Employment records – employer’s record‑keeping obligations and statutory retention periods; * Discovery – limits on fishing expeditions and requirement that claimant prove case at trial.
12 October 2022
Court granted extension and validated the appeal due to an arguable legal issue despite an inadequate explanation for delay.
* Labour law – extension of time to appeal – good cause and excusable delay; * Appealability – distinction between questions of law and fact; failure to evaluate evidence as a question of law; * Validation of appeal record; * Allegations of collusion/falsification of court documents – requirement of cogent proof; * Exercise of judicial discretion to expedite appeals and prevent injustice.
5 October 2022
A conditional stay pending appeal was granted subject to deposit of half the decretal sum by bank guarantee.
Stay of execution pending appeal; criteria for stay (prima facie success, irreparable harm, balance of convenience, promptness); conditional stays; security by deposit or bank guarantee; effect of cross-appeal; speedy disposal of labour disputes (LADASA).
4 October 2022
September 2022
26 September 2022
26 September 2022
9 September 2022
Where a labour officer adjudicates a dispute, the remedy is appeal, so a reference to the Industrial Court was premature.
* Labour law – premature reference – appeal vs reference – where a Labour Officer makes an adjudicatory ruling (Reg. 8, S.I.61/2011) the remedy is appeal under s.94(1) Employment Act 2006; * LADASA ss.4–5 – reference requires failure to resolve within statutory time; * Distinction between adjudication/award and conciliation/settlement; * Industrial Court powers to confirm, modify or overturn Labour Officer rulings (s.94(3)).
6 September 2022
August 2022
Applicant failed to show sufficient cause to set aside ex parte judgment; service found proper and application dismissed.
Civil procedure – setting aside ex parte/default judgment – requirement to show summons not duly served or sufficient cause for non‑appearance; service on firm via lawyer’s receipt – absence of firm stamp not fatal; enlargement of time and leave to file reply – entitlement where sufficient cause shown.
30 August 2022
Judge recused due to prior advocate–client relationship creating a reasonable perception of partiality; file returned for reassignment.
* Judicial conduct — Recusal — Prior advocate–client relationship — Perception of impartiality sufficient ground for mandatory recusal under constitutional and judicial conduct principles. * Constitutional law — Right to fair hearing — Independent and impartial tribunal — Application of Practice Directions on recusal. * Judicial ethics — Bangalore Principles (impartiality) and Uganda Judicial Code of Conduct as guiding authority.
30 August 2022
Court allows late filing of reply despite inadequate COVID‑19 explanation, awarding costs to the respondent.
Labour procedure – extension of time – Rule 6 Labour Disputes (Arbitration & Settlement) (Industrial Court Procedure) Rules 2012 – applicant must show good and sufficient cause – COVID‑19 office closure inadequately particularised – discretion exercised in interest of justice to grant leave – costs to respondent.
30 August 2022
Extension of time to appeal refused for lack of good and sufficient cause; execution ordered to proceed.
Employment law – Appeal time limits – Extension of time to file appeal – Applicant must show good and sufficient cause; mistaken advice or delay is insufficient; execution pending appeal may proceed if no sufficient cause shown.
30 August 2022
Application for review dismissed as an improper appeal; no error apparent on the face of the record.
* Civil procedure — Review of court's own decision — limited to errors apparent on face of record or newly discovered evidence; not a substitute for appeal. * Distinction between review and appeal — re-appraisal of evidence and misapplication of law are appeal matters, not review grounds. * Functus officio — court generally cannot revisit its final judgment. * Extension of time — cannot be granted where underlying application is an impermissible review disguised as appeal.
29 August 2022
Failure to return after reinstatement constituted voluntary termination, not constructive dismissal, where temporary reassignment did not alter contractual terms.
Labour law – temporary reassignment and fixed-term contract; constructive dismissal – unreasonable employer conduct; mutual separation and withdrawal; failure to return after reinstatement as voluntary termination.
19 August 2022
Applicant’s attempt to use review to compel discovery and overturn a final pay award was dismissed; remedy lies by appeal.
* Administrative/industrial law – Review of Industrial Court award – limited to new and important evidence or error apparent on the face of the record. * Civil procedure – Review vs discovery – an application seeking discovery cannot properly be styled as a review to overturn a final decision. * Public service/pay claims – requirement to adduce salary structures; duty of due diligence to obtain public salary scales. * Functus officio – once judgment rendered, court cannot re-open merits; remedy is appeal.
19 August 2022
July 2022
Applicant failed to prove existence or possession of requested emails; discovery application dismissed with no order as to costs.
* Civil procedure – discovery – Order 10 rule 12 – prerequisites for ordering discovery: relevance, existence, and possession/custody/power. * Labour disputes – court’s power under Labour Disputes (Arbitration and Settlement) Act to order production of documents. * Evidential burden on applicant to show documents exist and are in opposing party’s custody; failure to do so defeats discovery application.
14 July 2022
Applicant entitled to disciplinary hearing minutes; court ordered respondent to produce them within 14 days.
* Civil procedure – Order 10 (rules 14, 15, 18) CPR – inspection/discovery of documents – production of disciplinary hearing minutes – relevance and possession – failure to file affidavit in reply.
12 July 2022
June 2022
Advocate-deponed contentious affidavit breached professional conduct; application for stay of execution dismissed as incompetent.
Civil procedure – Stay of execution pending appeal – Order 43 CPR – requirements for stay (substantial loss, absence of unreasonable delay, security) – Advocates (Professional Conduct) Regulations SI 267-2, Regulation 9 – prohibition on advocates deposing to contentious matters – incompetence of affidavit – need to show substantive appeal (typed record/memorandum).
6 June 2022
May 2022
A pending unfair dismissal claim does not automatically bar a bank’s enforcement of a mortgage; injunction refused.
Labour law — temporary injunction — interplay between pending unfair dismissal claim and enforcement of mortgage security; mortgage enforcement as commercial transaction separable from employment dispute; irreparable harm and balance of convenience; jurisdictional limit regarding Regulation 13(1) Mortgage Regulations 2012 (30% deposit).
25 May 2022
Senior employees lawfully dismissed for breaching company invoicing/DBR procedures; nominal damages for unauthorized signatories.
Employment law – disciplinary procedure – Code of Business Principles and Demand Based Replenishment (DBR) – forward invoicing, failure to reverse rejected invoices – procedural fairness of disciplinary hearings – composition of committee and absence of HR representative – unauthorized signatories to termination letters – nominal damages.
20 May 2022
A management consultant performing interim duties remained an independent contractor; employee remedies and the Labour Officer’s award were set aside.
* Employment law – contract of service v. contract for services – distinguishing employees from independent contractors based on control, integration, terms and traditional employment protections. * Evidence – absence of written employment contract and traditional indicia (hours, leave, NSSF, supervision) supports consultancy status. * Remedies – employment remedies (notice, leave pay, severance, NSSF) not available to consultants; awards based on employee status set aside. * Procedural – appellate court re-evaluates record and may set aside labour officer’s findings when misapplication of legal tests occurs.
10 May 2022
Applicant’s dismissal for want of prosecution set aside due to registry misdirection amid panel reorganisation; matter reinstated with costs.
Administrative law – court procedure – setting aside dismissal for want of prosecution – registry misinformation and mistaken attendance due to panel reorganisation; service of process; right to fair hearing (Article 28) – sufficient cause for reinstatement; costs awarded for respondent’s conduct.
7 May 2022
NEC validly renewed the claimant's contract; subsequent removal was unlawful and award made for damages and notice pay.
Labour law – fixed-term contract – renewal and termination; internal constitutional powers of union organs – NEC supremacy and delegation; validity of meetings convened by Vice Chairperson; statutory termination procedures – Sections 66 and 68 Employment Act; remedies for unlawful termination – general damages and pay in lieu of notice.
6 May 2022
April 2022
Bonuses paid by mistake were recoverable and the resulting summary dismissals were found lawful and fair.
Employment law – bonus overpayments by mistake; recovery of mistaken payments; disciplinary fairness and representation; breach of trust and lawful summary dismissal; entitlement to costs for unnecessary litigation.
29 April 2022
Manager’s negligent failure to appreciate a bank "CHECKED" stamp justified dismissal, but inadequate disciplinary notice warranted four weeks' pay.
Labour law – termination – managerial duty of care in banking – misuse/meaning of "CHECKED" stamp – negligence/gross misconduct; Procedural fairness – disciplinary notice must state rights and right to be accompanied – Section 66(4) Employment Act – limited compensation for procedural defects.
22 April 2022
Claimant denied a fair disciplinary hearing; dismissal held unlawful and damages, gratuity and interest awarded.
Labour law – unfair dismissal; procedural fairness in disciplinary hearings – right to be heard and to have written defence considered – need for evidence (CCTV, witness statements) to support disciplinary findings – Industrial Court jurisdiction on High Court referrals.
22 April 2022
Claimant unfairly terminated without statutory fair hearing; awarded salary arrears to termination date and UGX 5,000,000 general damages.
Employment law – unfair termination – employer’s duty to accord fair hearing under Employment Act (ss.66,68,73); burden of proof on employer to show payment of wages; NSSF remittances insufficient proof of salary payments; police prosecution does not replace internal disciplinary hearing.
14 April 2022
Claimant had a valid employment contract and was unfairly dismissed without hearing; respondent ordered to pay unpaid salary.
Employment law – existence and validity of contract of service – unpaid salary claim – unfair and unlawful termination without hearing (Employment Act s66, s68) – allegation of forged signature; absence of handwriting expert – evidential burden on forgery claim.
8 April 2022
Court granted stay of execution pending appeal, conditioned on a bank guarantee covering the full decretal sum and accruing interest.
Stay of execution — pending appeal — requirements: likelihood of substantial loss, absence of inordinate delay, security for due performance — appeal with reasonable prospects — bank guarantee for entire decretal sum and accruing interest.
7 April 2022
7 April 2022