Industrial Court of Uganda

The Industrial Court was established under the Labour Disputes (Arbitration and Settlement) Act, 2006 Cap 224, Laws of Uganda, and section 7.  2006.

The Act was assentenced to on 24th May 2006; and commenced on the 07th August 2006 via a Ministerial statutory instrument.

The Court's jurisdiction ambit are labour disputes referred to it by a party to a dispute where a labour officer has failed to dispose of the dispute within 08 weeks under the court's regulations as requested under the act, disputes referred by the Labour officer at the request of the party or on the officer's own volition when is unable to resolve the dispute; or by responsible Minister on notice of an intended withdrawal of labour within 05 days. Appeals can also be filed against labour officers' decision under the Employment Act. The Court has no original jurisdiction over Labour disputes.

 

Physical address
Plot 25-27, off Martyr's way Ntinda. P.O.Box, 21456 Kampala.
736 judgments
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736 judgments
Citation
Judgment date
November 2025
Whether the claimant was an employee or freelancer — court found freelancer and dismissed the employment claim.
Employment relationship – distinction between employee and freelance journalist; multi-factor test (control, integration, economic reality); payments per task and lack of PAYE/NSSF; identity cards and third‑party accreditation do not alone establish employment; proof of wages and salary arrears.
7 November 2025
Dismissal found procedurally unfair but substantively justified; limited compensation and service award granted.
Employment law – dismissal for misconduct – procedural fairness (particulars in Offence Notification Form; adequate notice; disclosure of investigation report; right to test evidence/cross‑examine) – substantive fairness (genuine belief on balance of probabilities; Burchell/Kigula tests) – concurrent criminal proceedings do not determine employment outcomes.
4 November 2025
October 2025
Claimant unlawfully suspended and dismissed after an unproven ex parte disciplinary hearing; awarded severance, compensation and costs.
* Employment law – unfair dismissal – procedural fairness – requirement to serve clear notice of oral disciplinary hearing and to afford employee opportunity to be heard. * Employment law – suspension pending investigation – statutory four-week limitation; excessive suspension unlawful. * Employment law – substantive fairness – employer must prove allegations where dismissal follows ex parte disciplinary proceedings. * Remedies – reinstatement discretionary; where impracticable, severance, compensation for failure to afford hearing, general damages, gratuity, certificate of service and costs are available.
24 October 2025
Forced resignation without investigation or hearing constitutes unlawful dismissal, entitling the employee to damages.
Labour law – dismissal v termination – forced resignation as dismissal; procedural fairness – requirement of investigation, notice and hearing; substantive fairness – genuine belief and proof of misconduct; remedies – speculative future salary claims disallowed, general damages and statutory four weeks’ pay awarded; employer not liable for employee’s bank loan absent clear undertaking; workplace publications false but not defamatory without malice.
24 October 2025
An omnibus application seeking contempt damages, arrest warrants and garnishee relief was dismissed for lack of evidence and procedural defects.
Industrial Court procedure – omnibus application – procedural multifariousness; contempt – no prior finding and res judicata; pre-judgment attachment/garnishee nisi – high threshold and need for admissible evidence; authority of advocates – notice of change and instruction letter sufficient; advocate as witness – may give affidavit but should not act as counsel on contentious matters.
17 October 2025
A timely filed notice of appeal (not a later memorandum) commences an appeal to the Industrial Court; strike-out application dismissed.
* Labour law – Appeal from Labour Officer to Industrial Court – Appeal commenced by notice of appeal within 30 days under Regulation 45(1) ER (SI No. 61/2011) and Seventeenth Schedule. * Procedural law – Notice of appeal versus memorandum of appeal – timely notice validly commences appeal. * Civil procedure – Strike-out application – where appeal properly commenced, objections to later-filed memorandum do not justify striking out.
14 October 2025
Conditional stay of execution granted pending appeal upon deposit of security to balance applicant hardship and respondent protection.
* Stay of execution – Requirements under Order 43 r.4 CPR and relevant statutes: pending appeal, likelihood of success, prompt application, security for due performance. * Imminent execution – Self-executing decrees and risk of vacancy within 60 days. * Likelihood of success – Interlocutory assessment: not required to prove on balance but must show appeal is not frivolous; affidavit grounds may suffice. * Security – Court discretion to order partial deposit to protect respondent while avoiding undue hardship to applicant. * Labour justice – Equity and hardship balancing in stay applications involving employment-related housing benefits.
14 October 2025
Dismissal was unlawful for procedural and substantive unfairness; claimant awarded damages, severance, interest and certificate of service.
Employment law – dismissal for misconduct – procedural fairness: right to particulars, access to investigation report and hearing minutes; substantive fairness: employer’s genuine belief and proof on balance of probabilities; concurrent criminal and disciplinary processes permissible; remedies: declaration of unfair dismissal, monetary compensation, severance, interest, certificate of service, limited award of costs.
10 October 2025
A dismissal effected before seeking interlocutory relief changes the status quo and defeats an injunction application.
Labour law – interlocutory injunctions in employment disputes; preservation of status quo; effect of summary dismissal on injunctive relief; delay and equitable discretion; mootness of applications overtaken by events.
10 October 2025
Employer failed to follow statutory disciplinary procedure; dismissal found procedurally and substantively unlawful with monetary relief awarded.
* Employment law – unfair and unlawful dismissal – requirement for notice, particulars of allegations and right to a fair hearing (Employment Act ss. 65/67). * Investigative suspension – employer must produce suspension correspondence and investigation report before disciplinary decision. * Burden of proof – employer must prove negligence/gross misconduct on balance of probabilities with supporting evidence and records. * Remedies – payment in lieu of notice, severance (one month per year served), unpaid suspension pay, general and punitive damages, and interest. * Costs – no order as to costs in labour disputes absent exceptional circumstances.
10 October 2025
Valid LO referral; claimant awarded general and exemplary damages for constructive dismissal; aggravated damages denied.
Labour law – constructive dismissal; Labour Officer referral to Industrial Court; entitlement to general and exemplary damages; mitigation and employability; costs in employment disputes; effect of consent order on subsequent damages claims.
3 October 2025
September 2025
Withdrawal of AOC justified economic retrenchment but failure to give statutory notice rendered terminations unlawful; severance and damages awarded.
Labour law – collective termination – Section 80EA notice requirements; substantive vs procedural fairness; AOC withdrawal as regulatory/licensing failure (not force majeure); reliefs – severance for unlawful termination; pension/provident fund claims require scheme deed and evidence; repatriation requires statutory eligibility; interest and costs awards.
18 September 2025
A managerial employee's endorsement of an unnotified strike in an essential service justified lawful summary dismissal.
Labour law — dismissal for participation in industrial action — procedural fairness in disciplinary hearings (notice, particulars, right to be heard, suspension) — lawful vs unlawful strike under LADASA — enhanced procedural requirements for essential services — managerial duty of trust and confidence — employer's genuine belief and managerial prerogative in dismissal.
9 September 2025
Employee constructively dismissed after unlawful suspension and flawed disciplinary process; collaboration held liable and substantial remedies awarded.
Employment law – constructive renewal of fixed-term contract where employer retains employee and continues payment; unincorporated collaboration as employer – managerial prerogative test; unlawful indefinite suspension and lack of due process; constructive dismissal where employer’s conduct repudiates contract; remedies – severance, general and aggravated damages, NSSF remittance, interest.
8 September 2025
Court declares claimants unlawfully terminated and awards compensation following precedent set in a materially identical prior case.
Employment law – Unlawful termination – Stare decisis – Consequential orders – Application of precedent in labour disputes – Award of damages and costs.
5 September 2025
A freely signed mutual separation agreement, acted upon by the employee, precludes later claims of unlawful termination.
Employment law – mutual separation agreement – validity of MSA – consent, coercion/duress, Contracts Act principles – approbation and reprobation – entitlement to termination benefits.
2 September 2025
Claimant’s unauthorised acceptance of another public appointment terminated his substantive employment; subsequent part‑time termination was lawful.
* Employment law – termination – public officer taking another public appointment without authorisation – automatic deletion from payroll severing substantive employment. * Public Service Standing Orders (F‑a(14)) – prohibition on holding two appointments or drawing two public salaries. * Part‑time/ad hoc engagement – task‑by‑task termination lawful where no further tasks offered. * Remedies – notice, severance, NSSF, accrued leave, damages and interest denied where employment was voluntarily terminated and claims unproven.
1 September 2025
Contempt of court cannot arise from disobedience of a Labour Officer's cease and desist order, as such orders are not court orders.
Labour law – Contempt of court – Labour Officer's authority – Whether contempt can arise from disobedience of a Labour Officer's order – Definition of court orders for purposes of contempt – Employment Act – Labour Disputes Act – Administrative versus judicial proceedings.
1 September 2025
August 2025
Court granted leave for 1236 former employees to file a representative suit challenging alleged unlawful termination after UNRA's repeal.
Labour law – Civil procedure – Representative action – Commonality of interest for former employees challenging termination following dissolution of statutory body – Requirements for instituting suit on behalf of others under Order 1 Rule 8 of CPR – Advertisement of representative orders.
29 August 2025
Termination on reputational grounds without proper hearing or investigation amounted to unlawful and unfair dismissal, entitling remedies.
Employment law – unfair and unlawful termination – fair hearing – disciplinary procedures – procedural fairness – severance pay – damages – disguised dismissal – employer’s right of termination – reputational risk and dismissal.
29 August 2025
Dismissal for submitting forged academic documents was held lawful; university staff member ordered to vacate staff housing and reimbursed for renovations.
Employment law – fair termination – procedural and substantive fairness – forged credentials – disciplinary process – university staff – employment benefits – occupation of staff housing – right to be heard – remedies upon dismissal.
29 August 2025
An application to extend time for filing a labour claim was dismissed for failure to show sufficient cause for the inordinate delay.
Labour law – extension of time – sufficient cause – delay in prosecution – incarceration as justification – unexplained delay – discretionary powers of court – procedural compliance
25 August 2025
A claim against Uganda Railways Corporation for terminal benefits was dismissed as time-barred under the special statutory 12-month limitation period.
Employment law – limitation of actions – interpretation of Section 52(b) Uganda Railways Corporation Act – special limitation statute applicable to employment claims against Uganda Railways Corporation – period of limitation – access to justice and awarding of costs in labour disputes.
22 August 2025
A teaching hospital with no legal personality may still be sued as a putative employer under the Employment Act.
Employment law – Putative employer – Claim against non-incorporated institution – Corporate personality – Expansive statutory definition of 'employer' – Substance over form in labour disputes.
20 August 2025
A public employee's dismissal based on a later-overturned conviction was held unlawful due to lack of a fair hearing and procedural safeguards.
Employment law – unfair and unlawful dismissal – procedural fairness – right to be heard – effect of criminal conviction quashed on appeal – remedies for unlawful termination.
19 August 2025
The court found constructive dismissal where an employee was kept in a prolonged acting role without confirmation, pay, or communication.
Employment law – Constructive dismissal – Unreasonable employer conduct – Collective Bargaining Agreement – Acting appointments – Termination by employee – Remedies for breach of contract – Severance pay – General damages – Failure to pay acting allowance – Abolition of substantive post.
18 August 2025
An employer’s prolonged acting appointment, failure to pay allowances, and abolition of post amounted to constructive dismissal.
Employment law – constructive dismissal – acting appointments beyond stipulated period – employer’s breach of terms of employment and CBA – failure to pay acting allowance – abolition of substantive role – remedies for constructive dismissal – severance pay – general damages – costs.
18 August 2025
A claim of constructive dismissal fails where the employer took reasonable corrective action and the employee affirmed the contract.
Employment Law – Constructive Dismissal – Repudiatory breach – Reasonableness test – Employer’s corrective measures – Failure to properly evaluate evidence – Award of remedies on constructive dismissal set aside.
12 August 2025
July 2025
The court ruled the claimant's dismissal procedurally and substantively unfair due to breaches in disciplinary process.
Employment law – Unfair dismissal – Procedural and substantive fairness – Remedies for unlawful dismissal.
11 July 2025
Claimant awarded salary arrears and damages in employment dispute despite respondent's non-existence claim.
Employment Law – Claim for unpaid salary – Validity of employment contract – Corporate personality in employment disputes – General damages.
7 July 2025
Court grants leave to digitize the Industrial Court's registry and sub-registries for improved access and efficiency in labour justice.
Labour Law – Court administration – Application to commission digital courts and implement electronic case management system – Access to justice – Efficiency and transparency in judicial process
3 July 2025
3 July 2025
Managers with knowledge relevant to a labour dispute can represent a company in court, even without express board authorisation.
Labour law – Representation of corporate employers – Authority to institute and defend proceedings – Requirement (or not) for board resolution or power of attorney – Effect of lack of express authorisation on pleadings – Labour procedure distinguished from corporate/commercial law – Role of managerial control and substantive justice.
2 July 2025
June 2025
An applicant was granted leave to amend pleadings to clarify continuous employment claims, with limitation objections deferred to trial.
Civil procedure – amendment of pleadings – labour law – continuous employment – limitation of actions – whether amendment introduces new cause of action – Employment Act – computation of continuous service – prejudice to respondent – abuse of process.
30 June 2025
An application to set aside an ex parte order was dismissed due to invalid supporting affidavits and lack of proper authority.
Civil procedure – affidavits – competence of deponent – locus standi – employment law – legal capacity of employer – ex parte orders – setting aside orders – right to fair hearing – defective applications – representation by counsel.
18 June 2025
Unlawful termination was deemed unfair despite payment in lieu of notice; damages awarded for breach of contract.
Employment law – Termination – Unlawful and Unfair Termination – Payment in Lieu of Notice – General Damages
16 June 2025
Court deemed the Claimant a casual employee, dismissing unpaid wage claims due to lack of formal termination proof.
Employment law – Casual employment vs salaried employment – Proof of termination – Casual employee rights and claims.
16 June 2025
A Labour Officer’s written statement can substitute missing pay statements to prove and recover employees’ unpaid wages.
Employment law – unpaid wages; proof of salary – role of employment contract and pay statements; Labour Officer powers – Section 49(5) EA (Labour Officer’s written statement substituting employer pay statement); ex parte proceedings – unchallenged evidence deemed credible; remedies – award of salary arrears, general damages and costs.
16 June 2025
The court found the Respondent liable for breaching the employment contract by not paying owed statutory benefits timely.
Employment law – breach of employment contract – statutory benefits payment delay – calculation of statutory entitlements – retrospective application of amended regulations.
13 June 2025
Industrial Court dismissed amendment application; new claims not referred by Labour officer cannot be added.
Labour Law – amendments to pleadings – introduction of new cause of action – misdescription of respondent – jurisdiction of Industrial Court.
13 June 2025
Wrong‑party defence limited in employment disputes; claimant awarded unpaid wages, general damages and costs.
* Employment law – unpaid wages – entitlement to salary arrears – burden and standard of proof (balance of probabilities). * Employment law – identity of employer – change of name and limited utility of corporate separateness in labour disputes. * Procedure – ex parte proceedings – unchallenged evidence deemed credible and probative. * Remedies – award of unpaid wages, general damages for non‑pecuniary loss, and costs.
12 June 2025
Interdiction under public service orders was misapplied and termination without a disciplinary hearing was unlawful.
Labour law – interdiction vs suspension – applicability of employer HRM vis-à-vis Public Service Standing Orders; disciplinary investigations do not substitute for statutory/contractual disciplinary hearings; procedural and substantive fairness in summary dismissal; remedies for unlawful termination (payment in lieu of notice, severance, general and aggravated damages, interest).
11 June 2025
A university was held liable as a disguised employer for unpaid part-time lecturers engaged without formal contracts.
Labour law – Employment relationship – Disguised employer-employee relationship – Contract of service – Part-time lecturer – University governance – Memorandum of Understanding – Salary arrears – Determining putative employer through conduct – Remedies for work done without formal contract.
1 June 2025
May 2025
Applicant granted leave to appeal Labour Officer’s award; court validated appeal notice and clarified Section 93(2) leave threshold.
Industrial Court – leave to appeal from Labour Officer’s award; Section 93(2) Employment Act – discretionary leave on questions of fact; validation of notice/memorandum of appeal filed before leave; distinction between termination and summary dismissal; requirement that the question of fact formed part of the Labour Officer’s decision and prospects of success.
28 May 2025
Court granted interim relief lifting a garnishee order nisi to protect the applicant's right to a fair hearing pending determination.
* Labour law – Interim relief – Garnishee order nisi – Lifting garnishment pending determination to protect right to fair hearing. * Jurisdiction – Industrial Court powers under Section 8(3)(d) of the Labour Disputes (Arbitration and Settlement) Act and inherent jurisdiction. * Civil procedure – Consolidation of related LDMA matters; urgency and interlocutory measures. * Electronic service – Application of Judicature (Electronic Filing, Service, and Virtual Proceedings) Rules, 2024 for delivery of orders.
21 May 2025
April 2025

Employment law — unfair termination — redundancy — procedural fairness — consultation requirement — restructuring — estoppel — failure to notify Labour Commissioner — unlawful dismissal — severance and general damages awarded

29 April 2025
Prolonged acting without employer objection can trigger automatic confirmation and entitlement to substantive pay and terminal benefits under the CBA.
Employment law – Acting appointments under a Collective Bargaining Agreement; automatic confirmation after 12 months; "subject to fulfilment of requirements" and employer’s duty to communicate objections; legitimate expectation and in dubio pro operario in industrial disputes; computation of salary arrears and terminal benefits; appellate powers to confirm and modify labour officer awards.
29 April 2025
Court relied on electronic case-management records to reject backdating claims and dismissed the strike-out application.
Employment law — procedural compliance — filing timelines for interlocutory affidavits; expunction for late filings without leave — evidential weight of electronic case management records (ICCMIS) in proving filing dates — allegations of backdating and collusion require cogent evidence.
7 April 2025

Employment law—dismissal—retirement benefits—non-contributory pension scheme—accrued entitlements—doctrine of estoppel—approbate and reprobate—trust deed interpretation—equitable relief—social protection—order to compute benefits—general and exemplary damages—costs

4 April 2025
The applicant is entitled to a declaration of unremitted NSSF contributions, general damages and costs for prolonged non-remittance.
* Labour law – Social security (NSSF) – Employer's duty to remit contributions – Entitlement to declaratory relief for unremitted contributions. * Jurisdiction – Sections 47–49 and Section 48 NSSF Act – Industrial Court may grant declarations but computation/recovery governed by statutory mechanisms. * Remedies – Declaration, general damages for deprivation of social security benefits, and costs awarded where employer failed to remit and did not appear.
4 April 2025