HC: Land Division (Uganda)

The Land Division is a Division created at the High Court Head office at Kampala.

The Division is charged with the following functions:Responsibility of supervising the work of Land Tribunals, the adjudication of all land related dispute fall under this Division. The land Division is established with three judges with a separate registry for the Division .There is a Registrar for the Land Division who doubles as the Registrar of the Land Tribunals. A desk office was also established under the office of the Registrar to handle the activities of the District Land Tribunals.

 

Physical address
Twed Towers, along Kafu Road, Nakasero, Kampala.
316 judgments
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316 judgments
Citation
Judgment date
December 2022
Application to reinstate an appeal dismissed for want of prosecution refused due to counsel conflict and applicants’ delay.
* Conflict of interest – advocate who successfully obtained dismissal for respondent cannot later represent applicants to set aside that dismissal. * Civil procedure – reinstatement of appeal dismissed for want of prosecution requires proof of sufficient cause; absence, non-compliance with directions and long delay are fatal. * Professional conduct – notice of change of advocate and amendment of pleadings required where representation changes.
22 December 2022
21 December 2022
Application to set aside a consent judgment dismissed; fraud unproven and mediator's inclusion of the proprietor upheld.
* Civil procedure – setting aside consent judgment – inherent powers (s.98 Civil Procedure Act) – hearing on merits. * Consent judgments – grounds for setting aside: fraud, illegality, mistake, misrepresentation, collusion – requirement of specific pleading and strict proof. * Evidence – allegations of fraud require full inquiry and are ordinarily determined in an ordinary suit rather than on notice of motion. * Mediation – mediator may involve non‑parties (including registered proprietor); participation/approval by proprietor can validate settlement. * Executors – limited ability to overturn mediated consent judgment post mortem where proprietor did not challenge it and partially performed it.
16 December 2022
Failure to prove exclusive possession defeats trespass claim; sale agreement and continuous occupation support counterclaim to title.
Land law – trespass – burden of proof on plaintiff to prove possession or right to sue in trespass; evidential weight of written sale agreement and continuous occupation; remedies: declaration of title, subdivision order, permanent injunction, costs; refusal to award general damages absent demonstrated loss.
16 December 2022
16 December 2022
Court refused to set aside dismissal for want of prosecution; applicants failed to show error, new evidence, or sufficient cause.
Civil Procedure – Review (O.46/82 Civil Procedure Act) – Dismissal for want of prosecution – Grounds for review: error apparent on face of record; discovery of new evidence; other sufficient cause – applicants’ failure to prosecute and interference with counsel – powers of attorney irrelevant to reinstatement.
16 December 2022
Appeal dismissed for fatal procedural defects: memorandum filed before judgment and signed by deceased, breaching appeal time limits.
Civil procedure – appeal – validity and time limits – memorandum of appeal filed before judgment; inconsistent dates and signatures; signature of deceased appellant – preliminary objection upheld; appeal dismissed with costs. Property law – disputed capacity to sell and bona fide purchaser issues (not determined on appeal due to procedural dismissal).
16 December 2022
Court granted leave to appeal: fines appealable as of right, caveat-vacation requires leave; application unopposed.
Appeals — leave to appeal — section 76(1)(a) Civil Procedure Act (orders imposing fines appealable as of right) — Order 44 Civil Procedure Rules — removal/vacation of caveat not appealable as of right and requires leave — contempt finding and fine — unopposed application for leave.
14 December 2022
Commissioner acted ultra vires and without hearing in cancelling a certificate of title; court quashed and ordered reinstatement.
Judicial review – land registration – cancellation of certificate of title – ultra vires acts – procedural impropriety and breach of natural justice – certiorari, prohibition and mandamus.
14 December 2022
Appellate court upholds finding that 12 rooms belong to deceased's estate; appellant failed to prove valid title and appeal dismissed with costs.
Land law – communal/kibanja ownership – 1967 sale agreement and LC II ruling establishing joint ownership; Probate/administration – letters of administration confer management rights over deceased’s estate; Evidence – burden of proof on party asserting rights; procedural irregularity in use of witness statements from related suit not fatal absent shown prejudice; Property transactions – nemo dat quod non habet; failure to call material witnesses permits adverse inference.
13 December 2022
Plaintiff failed to prove ownership or alleged forgery; land claim dismissed without costs.
Land dispute; succession and title evidence; clan letter versus will; discrepancy in names; burden and standard of proof in civil claims; requirement for strict proof of fraud/forgery; failure to tender crucial documents and witnesses; suit dismissed for lack of merit; costs ordered nil.
12 December 2022
Plaintiff failed to prove land ownership or alleged forgery; suit dismissed without costs.
Land law – proof of ownership; evidentiary value of clan/kabaka introduction letters versus wills/probate; alleged forgery – requirement of strict proof and production of disputed documents; burden of proof on claimant; dismissal for failure to prove ownership or fraud; suit dismissed without costs.
12 December 2022
Leave to appeal granted for arguable grounds; application for stay of execution denied.
Civil procedure – leave to appeal – applicant must show arguable grounds or reasonable prospect of success or raise a question of law of general principle; stay of execution – earlier ruling maintained where no new grounds shown.
12 December 2022
Applicant failed to show sufficient cause to appeal out of time against a taxing master’s decision; application dismissed without costs.
Civil procedure – extension of time to appeal taxing master’s decision – sufficient cause must explain inability to file within 30 days – wrong procedural choice not sufficient – dilatory conduct defeats extension.
12 December 2022
Applicant failed to show sufficient cause to extend time to appeal taxing-master decisions; application dismissed without costs.
Civil procedure – extension of time to appeal – leave to appeal out of time from decision of taxing master – requirement to show sufficient cause relating to inability to act within prescribed time – wrong procedural choice and dilatory conduct do not constitute sufficient cause.
12 December 2022
Compulsory acquisition without prompt fair compensation is unconstitutional; owner entitled to title restoration, damages, and injunction.
Constitutional and property law – compulsory acquisition of land – Article 26(2) requirement for prompt, fair and adequate compensation; failure to pay compensation renders acquisition unlawful; trespass where possession taken without lawful compensation; Registrar of Titles ordered to reconstruct/cancel titles; award of general and exemplary damages with interest.
12 December 2022
Compulsory acquisition without prompt, adequate compensation is unlawful; plaintiff awarded declarations, title restoration, damages, interest and costs.
* Constitutional and land law – compulsory acquisition – requirement of prompt, fair and adequate compensation prior to taking possession – Article 26 of the Constitution. * Property/trespass – unlawful allocation and dealing with land taken without compensation – declaration of trespass and remedies. * Titles – cancellation/rectification and reconstruction of certificate of title by Registrar where title created improperly. * Remedies – declarations, permanent injunction, general and exemplary damages, interest and costs.
12 December 2022
Cancellation of a land title without statutorily required notice and hearing violated the right to a fair hearing; title restored and damages awarded.
Land law – conversion of lease to freehold (s.28 Land Act); Commissioner’s power to cancel title (s.91 Land Act) – mandatory 21 days’ notice and hearing; right to fair hearing (Art.44(c)); restoration of title and damages for unlawful cancellation.
8 December 2022
Applicants met s.167 RTA conditions; High Court granted vesting order and directed registration, vacating vendor encumbrances.
* Registration of Titles Act s.167 – vesting order – conditions: registered land, completed purchase, possession, acquiescence, transfer unobtainable due to vendor’s death. * High Court jurisdiction to grant vesting orders – precedent permitting court to exercise s.167 powers. * Relief – vesting order, registration by Commissioner, vacation of vendor encumbrances.
8 December 2022
Plaintiff failed to prove ownership or fraudulent transfer of land; claim dismissed for insufficient evidence.
* Land law – alleged fraudulent transfer of title – requirement that fraud be strictly proved and attributable to transferee; * Evidence – burden and standard in civil cases (balance of probabilities); * Contracts/evidence – sale agreement naming purchaser and payment receipts insufficient to prove purchase on behalf of plaintiff; * Civil procedure – ex parte hearing where defendants fail to file defence.
2 December 2022
Administrator concealed material facts and failed to file inventory; grant of administration revoked and title corrected.
Succession law — fraudulent procurement of Letters of Administration; duty of administrator to exercise due diligence and inspect estate; obligation to file inventory and accounts under Succession Act s234(2)(b),(e); evidentiary burden in civil claims; authenticity and admissibility of old documents; beneficiaries' locus standi to protect estate interests without Letters of Administration.
1 December 2022
A motion to remove a sibling's caveat was dismissed because competing title claims require an ordinary suit and evidence.
Land law – Caveats – Right to lodge caveat under s.139 Registration of Titles Act; Title disputes between beneficiaries – substantive determination requires ordinary suit; Reliefs for wrongful caveat and set-off not appropriate on notice of motion; Pending related appeal relevant to available remedies.
1 December 2022
Application for review and leave to appeal out of time dismissed for failure to prove new evidence and lack of due diligence.
Judicial review — Review of High Court ruling — O.46 r.1 CPR and S.82 CPA — discovery of new and important evidence — requirement of due diligence; Leave to appeal out of time — proof of instructions to counsel; Credibility of documentary evidence and necessity of supporting affidavits; Stay of execution — contingent on successful review/leave to appeal.
1 December 2022
Court cancelled two land agreements as illegal (advocate remuneration and lack of administration authority) and dismissed the main suit.
Contracts — Champerty and illegality — Third-party challenges to illegality despite privity; Advocates Act — prohibition/requirements on remuneration agreements (s.50, s.51) — notary certification; Succession/Succession Act — dealing with estate without Letters of Administration (intermeddling) — preliminary objection; Cause of action — requirement to amend plaint after joinder of parties.
1 December 2022
Representative order granted for clan members to sue over disputed Block 555 land, subject to prescribed notice and service requirements.
Land law – representative action under Order 7 CPR – requirements for identifiable class and common interest – mandatory notice to persons represented – content and mode of service of notice.
1 December 2022
November 2022
The applicant may add a third party when that party’s easement or project affects the disputed land.
* Civil procedure – Joinder/Addition of parties – Whether a third party is a necessary party where its easement or project impacts the disputed land parcel. * Land law – Easement/compensation – overlap of land parcels and effect on liability for alleged trespass. * Procedural fairness – prejudice and timeliness in applications to add parties; pleadings timetable following joinder.
30 November 2022
Application to vacate caveat dismissed; competing titles and alleged fraud require a full trial rather than motion proceedings.
Land law – Caveat – Caveatable interest must be a proprietary interest; Certificate of title under RTA conclusive and indefeasible except for fraud; Competing titles and allegations of fraud require a full trial and cannot be determined on motion/affidavit; Relief to cancel titles or remove caveat not appropriate on application where title dispute exists.
30 November 2022
Stay of execution denied as premature where no execution proceedings existed and applicants failed to show substantial loss.
Civil procedure — Stay of execution pending appeal — Applicant must show likelihood of substantial loss or irreparable harm; application premature where no sealed decree or execution proceedings have been initiated; speculative applications liable to be dismissed.
30 November 2022
Court set aside security-for-costs order requiring the applicant to pay before hearing in a land dispute.
Civil procedure — Revision under section 83 CPA — material irregularity; Security for costs — order in land recovery suits; plaint defects vs. striking out/amendment; requirement of hearing before finding suit frivolous.
30 November 2022
A purchaser with constructive notice of prior fraud and pending litigation cannot claim protection as a bona fide purchaser for value without notice.
* Land law – Registered title – Protection of bona fide purchaser for value without notice – requires good faith and absence of sharp practice; constructive notice imputable where suspicious circumstances exist. * Civil procedure – Review – relief under section 82 CPA and Order 46 CPR requires mistake on face of record, new evidence or sufficient reason; not available where purchaser had notice of prior fraud or pending litigation. * Fraud – transfers effected during pending litigation and shared contact details can indicate collusion to defeat court orders.
25 November 2022
Caveats over estate land were maintained pending resolution of related Family Division proceedings on estate administration.
* Land law – caveats – validity requires protectable legal or equitable interest; * Administration of estates – disputes over inventory, management and distribution belong to the Family Division where related proceedings are pending; * Civil procedure – section 98 CPA and inherent powers to prevent abuse of process; * Jurisdictional comity – avoid resolving administration disputes in Land Division while Family Division proceedings are pending.
25 November 2022
An unchallenged proprietary interest justifies adding the applicant as a defendant to protect legal rights and ensure complete adjudication.
Joinder of parties – Order 1 r.10(2) CPR – High/proprietary interest required for joinder – Unchallenged affidavit creates presumption of truth – Joinder to enable effective and complete adjudication and avoid multiplicity of suits (land dispute).
24 November 2022
Court granted leave to amend plaint to add defendants under Order 6 Rule 19 CPR; strike-out request denied, costs to abide outcome.
Civil Procedure – Amendment of pleadings – Order 6 Rule 19 CPR – discretion to allow amendments to determine real questions in controversy; Strike out of witness statements – interlocutory strike-out refused; Supplementary affidavits – timing, leave and prejudice considerations.
23 November 2022
Court allowed late amendment to add four defendants under Order 6 Rule 19 CPR; strike‑out of witness paragraphs refused.
* Civil procedure – Amendment of pleadings – Order 6 Rule 19 CPR – discretion to amend pleadings at any stage to determine real questions in controversy. * Civil procedure – Amendment – considerations: prejudice, mala fides, multiplicity of proceedings, not substituting distinct cause of action. * Evidence – Application to strike out portions of witness statement declined pending trial.
23 November 2022
Stay of execution granted conditionally pending appeal; applicant must deposit UGX 20,000,000 as security within 30 days.
Stay of execution; notice of appeal; Order 43 r.4(3) Civil Procedure Rules; security for due performance; risk of rendering appeal nugatory where land title cancellation and transfer ordered.
23 November 2022
Breach of land sale agreement: applicant entitled to refund, damages, interest and costs due to respondent's default.
Land law – Sale of land – Failure to transfer title and deliver vacant possession – Breach of contract; Civil procedure – Default/interlocutory judgment – defendant’s failure to file a defence deemed admission of plaint allegations; Remedies – Refund of purchase price and facilitation fees, general damages, interest and costs.
22 November 2022
Failure to deliver title after receiving purchase price entitles buyer to refund, general damages, interest and costs.
* Land sale agreement – failure to deliver vacant possession or title after receipt of full purchase price – breach of contract. * Default/interlocutory judgment – absence of defence deemed admission of liability; only quantum to be proved. * Special damages – proof of payment of purchase price and facilitation fees entitles buyer to refund. * General damages – loss of use and inconvenience from breach entitles plaintiff to compensatory damages. * Interest and costs – equitable award of interest (18% on special damages from filing; 5% on general damages from judgment) and costs to successful plaintiff.
22 November 2022
Court allowed substitution of a party but refused amendments that would introduce a new cause of action, reserving costs.
Civil procedure – Amendment of pleadings under Order 6 Rule 19 CPR; substitution of parties – Commissioner, Land Registration; limits on amendments that introduce a new cause of action; avoidance of multiplicity of proceedings; discretion not to allow amendments that cause prejudice or change cause of action.
18 November 2022
Specific performance refused where land unavailable; plaintiff awarded market value (by valuers), UGX 50,000,000 general damages, 15% interest and costs.
* Land law – Sale of land – Breach of contract where vendor fails to deliver title or vacant possession; addendum and waiver of rescission. * Remedies – Specific performance refused where subject matter unavailable; award of market value by joint valuation, general damages, interest and costs. * Valuation – joint report by government and private valuer within 30 days. * Interest – commercial transaction interest awarded at 15% per annum from judgment.
16 November 2022
Uncompleted sale, conflicting title documents and subsequent sale defeated the plaintiff's land claim; suit dismissed.
* Land law – Sale of land – incomplete purchase and unregistered transfer; discrepancies between sale documents and registered title; possession and bibanja occupants; caveats on title; locus standi and cause of action when plaintiff sells land during proceedings.
15 November 2022
Court granted a consequential order under s.177 to cancel and substitute an illegal title entry, ordering registrar compliance.
* Registration of Titles Act s.177 – consequential orders following recovery of land – High Court power to direct cancellation/substitution on certificate of title; registrar’s duty to give effect. * Proof requirements – necessity to establish recovery by judgment and ownership/legal interest to obtain consequential order. * Administrative compliance – Commissioner/Registrar obliged to implement court-ordered corrections to register.
15 November 2022
Sale of kibanja without landlord consent is void; registered legal title prevails and appeal dismissed.
Land law – validity of kibanja sales – requirement of landlord consent (busulu) under s.34(1),(3) Land Act – effect of lack of consent renders sale void; Registered title vs equitable/kibanja interest; First appellate court’s duty to re-evaluate evidence and power to order translation under s.161(2) Evidence Act; Illegality cannot found proprietary claim.
15 November 2022
11 November 2022
10 November 2022
10 November 2022
9 November 2022
Court treated admissions as resolving breach and validity disputes and ordered each party to bear its own costs.
Contract law — Sales agreement — Alleged breach and validity of agreement — Admissions and judgment on admission (Order 13 Rule 6) — Costs: each party to bear own costs.
7 November 2022
4 November 2022
Consent order cancelling a lease was set aside after Court found it was fraudulently procured.
Land law – review of consent order – consent obtained by fraud, collusion or misrepresentation – grounds for setting aside consent (fraud, mistake, misapprehension, insufficiency of material facts) – procedural requirement to support res judicata objection (attachment of plaint).
4 November 2022
Transfer of jointly registered land to a company without a co-owner’s consent was unlawful; ownership reinstated and damages awarded.
Land law – Registered joint proprietors – Section 56 Registration of Titles Act – Transfer without co-owner’s consent fraudulent and void; cancellation of registration and reinstatement of joint proprietors; counterclaim dismissed; award of damages and costs.
4 November 2022