HC: Land Division (Uganda)

The Land Division is a Division created at the High Court Head office at Kampala.

The Division is charged with the following functions:Responsibility of supervising the work of Land Tribunals, the adjudication of all land related dispute fall under this Division. The land Division is established with three judges with a separate registry for the Division .There is a Registrar for the Land Division who doubles as the Registrar of the Land Tribunals. A desk office was also established under the office of the Registrar to handle the activities of the District Land Tribunals.

 

Physical address
Twed Towers, along Kafu Road, Nakasero, Kampala.
24 judgments
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24 judgments
Citation
Judgment date
December 2016
Ministerial directive and Registrar's cancellation of land title without statutory procedure unlawful; titles reinstated.
Administrative law – Judicial review – Illegality, procedural impropriety and irrationality; Land Act s.91 – mandatory notice, hearing and reasons for cancellation of title; Ministerial directive exceeding proper procedure; Registrar's cancellation in breach of natural justice and during subsisting proceedings; remedies: certiorari, mandamus, declaration; damages not awarded on motion for prerogative relief.
22 December 2016
The appeal was dismissed for want of prosecution after the parties repeatedly failed to pursue and attend the appeal.
Civil procedure – Appeal – Dismissal for want of prosecution; Order 9 Rule 17 Civil Procedure Rules; failure to appear and prosecute appeal; appellate re-appreciation of evidence; abuse of court process.
20 December 2016
Sale by a person without title cannot pass ownership; third-party local council official wrongly sued and enjoys immunity.
Land law – sale by a person without title – a seller without title cannot pass good title; purchaser’s remedy is against the seller. Civil procedure – joinder of parties – wrongful party; statutory judicial immunity for local council officials. Appeal – appellate re-evaluation of evidence and findings of fact.
20 December 2016
Plaintiffs lacked locus standi because authority documents were not filed at commencement; suit dismissed with costs.
Civil procedure – locus standi – plaintiff must demonstrate authority to sue at time of filing; documents conferring capacity must be filed with the plaint (Order 7 r.14(1) CPR). Evidence – documents in joint trial bundle are not exhibits until tendered and admitted at trial. Succession law – Letters of Administration and Power of Attorney obtained after filing cannot confer retrospective locus standi to commence proceedings. Res judicata – prior interlocutory ruling by Deputy Registrar did not bar substantive determination by trial court. Illegality – commencing suit without locus standi is an incurable illegality and deprives the plaintiff of a remedy.
19 December 2016
Court found collusive fraud and improper cancellation of title; plaintiff’s registration reinstated and fraudulent transfers voided.
Land law — Fraud in land registration — Allegations of forgery and conspiracy — fraud must be particularly pleaded and strictly proved. Registrar/Commissioner powers — Section 91 Land Act — limits to cancellation of title; requirement of notice, hearing and compliance with natural justice. Bona fide purchaser — duty of due diligence, constructive notice from occupation/developments, effect of purchaser’s failure to inquire. Illegality — non-citizen company restrictions on holding mailo land; illegal registrations and transfers are void ab initio. Remedies — rectification of register, cancellation of fraudulent registrations, reinstatement of proprietor, permanent injunctions and costs.
19 December 2016
Court allowed donor to redeem an equitable mortgage, ordered deposit to Deputy Registrar, and vacated caveat for issuance of special title.
Equitable mortgage and caveat – Power of Attorney – Untraceable mortgagee and donee – High Court’s remedial jurisdiction under s.33 Judicature Act and inherent power under s.98 CPA – Deposit to Deputy Registrar for safekeeping – Issuance of Special Certificate of Title and vacatur of caveat.
19 December 2016
Breach of land sale contract: plaintiff awarded refund, general damages, interest and costs.
Contracts Act – formation of contract (offer, acceptance, consideration) – sale of land – breach where vendor lacked authority to sell – remedies: refund, general damages, interest and costs; assessment of general damages for breach of contract.
19 December 2016
A sale of intestate land may be validated by subsequent Letters of Administration unless prior acts diminished the estate; late preliminary objections may be dismissed.
Succession Act – intermeddling in intestate estate; Sections 191, 192 and 193 – effect of Letters of Administration; validation of pre-grant acts; exceptions for acts diminishing estate; procedural timing of preliminary objections.
19 December 2016
Expropriated property allocated by DAPCB: defendant held to be trespasser; eviction, injunction and UGX 100,000,000 damages awarded.
Property law – Trespass – Allocation of expropriated property by Departed Asians Property Custodian Board – Eviction and injunction – Mesne profits require pleaded and evidential basis – Assessment of general damages for denial of possession.
19 December 2016
A consent order that alters a final judgment is illegal and can be set aside; review or appeal is the proper remedy.
Consent orders — binding but voidable for illegality, fraud, mistake or material misapprehension; Parties cannot by consent vary or defeat questions of law decided in judgment; Functus officio — only review under s.82 CPA or appeal can disturb a High Court judgment; Registrar/Assistant Registrar lacks power to review a judge’s judgment; Allegations of fraud/collusion require full trial pleadings and evidence.
19 December 2016
Continuous trespass on customary land defeats a limitation defence; damages and trial findings affirmed on appeal.
Land law – customary land – ownership dispute; limitation – continuous tort of trespass; civil procedure – adequacy of grounds of appeal; damages – assessment and pleading of exemplary/punitive damages; appellate review of trial court’s assessment of damages.
15 December 2016
A purchaser who wilfully fails to inquire about a seller’s spousal equitable interest may be guilty of fraud and lose registered title.
Land law – family land – ordinary residence and spousal equitable interest; Registered title – fraud, wilful blindness and bona fide purchaser inquiry; Transfer void for fraudulent procurement; Unregistered spouse’s right to resist transfer and entitlement to cancellation of title.
14 December 2016
Appellants proved superior title and possession; respondent failed to prove inheritance or title on the balance of probabilities.
Land law – proof of title on balance of probabilities; adverse possession; letters of administration; assessment of documentary evidence; court must not infer fraud absent pleaded and adduced evidence.
12 December 2016
Appeal dismissed: respondent established ownership; appellant found to be trespasser, locus visit confirmed boundary.
Land law – trespass – determining ownership by evidence and locus-in-quo visit; continuing tort and limitation; re-appreciation of evidence on appeal; requirements and effect of locus-in-quo recording.
9 December 2016
Sequential written agreements construed together show sale of land and developments for shs.1,000,000; appeal dismissed.
Contract interpretation; parol evidence rule; sequential writings construed as one integrated agreement; credibility of trial findings on appeal; limitation of actions under the Limitation Act (six-year period).
8 December 2016
Applicant failed to prove ownership; trial court’s evaluation and locus findings properly upheld; appeal dismissed with costs.
Land law – civil possession claim – burden of proof on claimant to prove ownership on balance of probabilities; LC.I/II/III decisions made when courts were not legally constituted have no legal force; appellate re-appraisal of evidence and locus visit corroboration; hearsay and LC proceedings insufficient to establish title.
8 December 2016
Magistrates’ courts cannot reopen final orders; the High Court set aside an unlawful stay using inherent jurisdiction.
Magistrates' courts – limited statutory jurisdiction; finality of judgments and functus officio; review/revision under s.82 Civil Procedure Act as remedy for erroneous magistrates’ orders; inherent jurisdiction of the High Court to prevent injustice; stay of execution granted without legal basis (complaint to Inspector of Courts).
8 December 2016
The court held that a will and letters of administration outweighed an unsupported clan appointment; appeal dismissed.
Land law – testamentary disposition and letters of administration – probative weight of a will and independent witnesses versus unsupported clan appointment. Appellate review – duty to re-evaluate evidence on appeal (Pandya v R). Civil procedure – locus in quo visits: useful but not mandatory; failure to visit not fatal where evidence suffices. Estate administration – appointment or division of estate by an unauthorized person amounts to unlawful intermeddling.
6 December 2016
Customary landowner awarded compensation, disturbance allowance, general damages and costs for unlawful extraction of murram by the defendant.
Land law – customary tenure – proof by succession, occupation and pending lease application; certificate not mandatory. Tort – trespass to land – unlawful entry and extraction of murram without consent; burden on defendant to prove consent. Assessment of damages – quantification of excavated material, market value, disturbance allowance and general damages. Interest and costs awarded.
6 December 2016
Appellate court allowed land claim: appellant proved customary boundary; respondent failed to prove continuous occupation.
Land law – customary family land – boundary dispute – locus in quo – re‑appreciation of evidence on appeal – balance of probabilities – requirement to prove continuous possession and boundary marks.
2 December 2016
Unsigned sale document and uncorroborated evidence failed to establish purchase; trespass suit not time‑barred; appeal dismissed with costs.
Land law – trespass to land; validity of sale – unsigned sale agreement and proof of payment; limitation – trespass as a continuing tort; evaluation of oral evidence and locus visit; remedies – injunction and costs.
2 December 2016
Unrecorded locus in quo inspections are irregular, but prior local boundary demarcation resolved this long-standing trespass dispute.
Civil procedure – locus in quo inspections – requirement to notify parties, record proceedings, allow oath and cross-examination; court must not base findings on unrecorded personal observations. Property law – trespass to land – continuous tort and effect of long occupation; but long-standing local demarcation and submission to traditional/local dispute resolution may bar later challenges. Evidence – appellate review of findings of fact: re-evaluate evidence on record, interfere where trial court acted on wrong principles or on no evidence. Alternative dispute resolution – decisions of local chiefs and demarcations (1974 Woro trees) can be binding if not timely challenged.
1 December 2016
A Town Council lacked capacity to grant a lawful lease post-1995 Constitution, and the offer also failed essential lease requirements.
Land law – Capacity of local authorities to grant leases – abolition of statutory leases by the 1995 Constitution – allocation powers vested in District Land Boards. Requirements for a valid lease – exclusive possession, consideration, fixed or determinable term, and sufficient description/demarcation of premises. Invalidity of transactions where allocating authority lacks legal estate or essential lease terms are absent.
1 December 2016
Whether an alleged 1976 sale and long non-use extinguished the appellant’s profit a prendre and established respondents’ customary title.
Civil procedure – requirement to list witnesses – discretion to allow additional witnesses must be exercised judiciously to prevent trial by ambush. Evidence – ancient document – section 90 Evidence Act presumption of genuineness where corroborated by enjoyment. Property law – customary land – profit a prendre distinguished from proprietary customary title; profit a prendre assignable but subject to abandonment. Locus in quo – court inspection admissible if recorded; observations must be used only to test or clarify oral evidence.
1 December 2016