HC: Land Division (Uganda)

The Land Division is a Division created at the High Court Head office at Kampala.

The Division is charged with the following functions:Responsibility of supervising the work of Land Tribunals, the adjudication of all land related dispute fall under this Division. The land Division is established with three judges with a separate registry for the Division .There is a Registrar for the Land Division who doubles as the Registrar of the Land Tribunals. A desk office was also established under the office of the Registrar to handle the activities of the District Land Tribunals.

 

Physical address
Twed Towers, along Kafu Road, Nakasero, Kampala.
103 judgments
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103 judgments
Citation
Judgment date
December 2013
A vesting order cannot issue where the seller was not the registered proprietor and had no letters of administration.
Land law – Vesting orders under section 167 RTA – requirements for vesting orders (sale by registered proprietor, full payment, possession, acquiescence, inability to obtain transfer) – registered proprietor deceased – necessity of letters of administration before dealing with estate land – High Court may entertain vesting applications though Registrar is primary forum – supplementary affidavit cannot amend substantive relief.
19 December 2013
Court granted a temporary injunction preserving occupants' possession of forest reserve land pending trial, finding jurisdiction and prima facie case.
* Civil procedure – Temporary injunction – jurisdiction to grant injunctive relief against a state body – Civil Procedure Act s64(c); Judicature Act ss38(1),13(a); O.41 CPR. * Interim relief – requirements: maintenance of status quo; prima facie case; risk of irreparable harm; balance of convenience. * Forest reserve – occupation pending degazettement – question whether occupation is premature to be determined at trial.
4 December 2013
Administrator’s failure to account and mismanagement warranted revocation of grant and appointment of new administrators.
Succession law – revocation of Letters of Administration – failure to exhibit inventory or account – section 234 Succession Act; Judicature Act s.15 – enforcement of customary decisions not repugnant to natural justice; remedies – revocation, declaration of entitlement, appointment of new administrators, surrender of title, injunction, costs.
3 December 2013
November 2013
Court finds Special Certificate fraudulently procured, cancels it, restores applicants' title and awards damages.
Land law — competing titles — Duplicate Certificate vs Special Certificate; proof and admissibility of documentary evidence; fraud in procuring registration; Registrar's duty; rectification of Register and damages under Registration of Titles Act.
29 November 2013
Application to be added as defendant dismissed as premature due to pending administration proceedings determining administrator status.
* Civil procedure – joinder of parties – Order 1 r.13 CPR – interested party must show clear established status or interest. * Probate/administration – Letters of Administration – competing administrators – jurisdictional restraint where parallel/proceedings pending. * Lis pendens/concurrent proceedings – court should not determine matters subject to subsisting proceedings in another registry; application held premature.
29 November 2013
A consent judgment entered without the parties’ express consent may be set aside for material mistake despite absence of proven fraud.
* Civil procedure – Revision under section 83 CPA – High Court may revise magistrate’s record for illegality, material irregularity or miscarriage of justice. * Consent judgments – enforceability – vitiation for fraud, mistake, misapprehension; party consent must be express or apparent. * Advocate's authority – advocate not prima facie a recognised agent able to bind client without instructions. * Inherent powers – section 98 CPA may be invoked to prevent abuse of process and to do justice.
28 November 2013
Court refused literal enforcement of substituted land; extended lease and ordered allocation of the decretal shortfall under mandamus.
* Judicial review – limitation periods – rule 5(1) subject to statutory execution time limits (rule 5(3)); execution under CPA (s.35) governs timing. * Mandamus – discretionary prerogative remedy to compel performance of public duties; Court focuses on enforcement and decision‑making process. * Consent judgments – enforcement by execution; court may tailor equitable relief under s.37(2) rather than order literal performance when unjust. * Relief crafting – extension of existing lease and allocation of shortfall as just and convenient remedy.
27 November 2013
A prior registered certificate of title prevails; subsequent duplicate grants are void and subject to cancellation and eviction.
Land law – Registration of Titles – Conclusive effect of certificate of title under s.59 RTA; Concurrent certificates – earlier title prevails and later title issued in error must be cancelled; Remedies – declaration of ownership, cancellation, eviction, damages, costs and interest.
26 November 2013
A land plaint was struck out as time-barred and for disclosing no cause of action; fraud-based tolling must be pleaded.
* Civil procedure – Limitation – Recovery of land – Section 5 Limitation Act (12 years) – Suit time-barred if no plea of exemption under Order 7 r.6 CPR. * Limitation – Fraud – Section 25 Limitation Act – period does not run until discovery; discovery must be pleaded. * Pleadings – Cause of action – Order 7 r.11 CPR – plaint disclosing no cause of action must be rejected. * Amendment – Order 6 r.19 CPR – substantive defects going to root of claim cannot be cured by amendment. * Transferee liability – to impeach transferee’s title, fraud must be attributable to transferee or transferee must have notice/privity.
22 November 2013
Applicant's claim failed because a prior court decree revoked his title, so no injunction could be granted.
Land law – judgment in rem; effect of judgment (including court-sanctioned consent judgments) on proprietary rights; review by an "aggrieved person" under Order 46 r.1 CPR/Section 83 CPA; requirements for interlocutory injunction (prima facie case, irreparable harm, balance of convenience).
14 November 2013
Applicant proved full payment under a consent judgment and is entitled to return of titles and removal of encumbrances.
Land law – Consent judgment – payment of decretal sum by set-off and specific payments – entitlement to release of securities and removal of encumbrances; Civil procedure – admission by failure to rebut affidavit evidence; Judicature Act s.33 – equitable powers to grant consequential relief.
12 November 2013
Foreclosure sale upheld; purchaser found bona fide for value absent strict proof of fraud; vacant possession granted.
Mortgage law – default and foreclosure sale; service of statutory notice by post; sale by mortgagee by public auction; bona fide purchaser for value without notice; burden to strictly prove fraud; mortgagee’s duty to act in good faith and obtain best price.
12 November 2013
Consent judgment not set aside on affidavit; applicants ordered to plead and prove alleged fraud; execution stayed.
Civil procedure – consent judgment – setting aside for fraud – fraud must be strictly pleaded and proved; affidavit and police report alone insufficient; res judicata inapplicable where prior decisions dealt with procedure not merits; court-directed pleadings and stay of execution.
11 November 2013
October 2013
Private Mailo sale and transfer upheld over an alleged Uganda Land Commission lease; injunction, eviction, damages and costs awarded.
Land law – Mailo tenure – validity of leases by Uganda Land Commission – private Mailo land not leasable by ULC; Transfer and sale by estate beneficiary – Letters of Administration validating prior sale; Civil procedure – stay of proceedings – requirement of a previously instituted pending suit between same parties; Evidence – appellate re-evaluation of trial court credibility findings.
25 October 2013
Third‑party purchasers with equitable interests may be added as defendants if court orders would affect their rights.
Joinder of parties — Order 1 r.10(2) & r.13 CPR — Section 33 Judicature Act — equitable interest of third‑party purchasers — dominus litis subordinate where joinder necessary to avoid multiplicity and enable complete adjudication.
3 October 2013
A consent judgment signed by counsel is binding; mistake of counsel and delay do not justify setting it aside absent fraud.
* Civil procedure – Consent judgments – Review and setting aside – limited grounds analogous to contract rescission (fraud, collusion, misapprehension, ignorance of material facts). * Review (Order 46 r.1 CPR) – new and important evidence – must be previously undiscoverable with due diligence. * Mistake of counsel – not ordinarily ground for review absent fraud/misrepresentation; represented litigant bound by counsel’s acts. * Procedural – laches/inordinate delay may bar review relief.
3 October 2013
An affidavit sworn on behalf of co-applicants without filed written authority is incurably defective; application dismissed with costs.
Civil Procedure — Order 1 r.12(2) CPR — Written authority required where one co-party acts for others — Affidavit sworn on behalf of others without signed authority is incurably defective; Letters of Administration do not substitute.
2 October 2013
September 2013
Written signed authorisation is required for representative joinder; unsigned persons cannot be represented and are struck out.
Civil procedure — Joinder of parties — Representative authority — Order 1 r.12(1)&(2) CPR requires written signed authority — unsigned persons not represented — distinction between representative and agent; Power of Attorney not required — late authorisation does not necessarily invalidate joinder.
24 September 2013
Court confirms fraudulent property transfer claim, orders foreclosure for loan recovery.
Contract Law – Mortgage – Fraudulent property transfer disputes – Recovery of loan amounts secured by property.
19 September 2013
Court allowed extension to file amended plaint, finding reasons bona fide and no demonstrated prejudice to the respondent.
* Civil procedure – Amendment of pleadings – Extension of time under O.6 r.25 CPR – Discretionary factors: prejudice to opposite party, avoidance of multiplicity, good faith, and legality. * Relief – Application for leave to file amended plaint out of time – evidence required to establish prejudice and bad faith. * Costs – power to award costs where extension is granted.
11 September 2013
Applicant entitled to interlocutory injunction to preserve pre-application status quo where respondents began development after an earlier court order.
* Civil procedure – interlocutory injunctions – preservation of status quo pending trial – requirements: triable issues, irreparable injury, balance of convenience. * Land law – effect of registered title under Registration of Titles Act at interlocutory stage – not decisive absent trial or proof of fraud. * Contempt/clean hands – commencing development after court order impacts equitable relief. * Interpretation of "status quo" in land disputes – state immediately preceding the complained acts.
4 September 2013
August 2013
A temporary injunction was granted to preserve land status quo pending resolution of competing ownership claims.
Civil procedure — Interlocutory injunction — Preservation of status quo pending main suit; Prima facie case; Irreparable injury — felling of mature trees and vandalism; Balance of convenience; Ownership disputes for determination at trial.
29 August 2013
July 2013
Customary lawful occupancy under Section 29(1)(c) can defeat a later leaseholder’s trespass claim absent disclosure or compensation.
* Land law – Customary tenure recognised under Article 237 and Land Act – lawful occupant under Section 29(1)(c). * Registered lease/certificate of title does not automatically extinguish pre-existing customary occupancy absent disclosure and compensation. * Trespass – burden to prove possession; mere registration insufficient if customary occupants not compensated. * Pleading fraud – particulars required; cannot be proved by submissions alone.
15 July 2013
Appeal allowed where trial court wrongly relied on a void sale agreement and mis-evaluated evidence and pleadings.
Land law – kibanja interest – validity of sale – capacity to sell – letters of administration (Succession Act s.180) – minors executing contracts – departure from pleadings (Order 6 r.7 CPR) – proof of general damages – appellate evaluation of evidence.
11 July 2013
High Court may order Registrar to cancel a registered proprietor’s title under s.177 RTA after judicial recovery of the land.
Land law – Registration of Titles Act s.177 – Rectification/cancellation of certificate of title following recovery of land by judgment; ex parte applications where Registrar duly served; evidentiary requirement of certified lower court judgment and decree.
11 July 2013
Applicant failed to prove instruction of counsel or a plausible defence; appeal dismissed with costs.
Civil procedure – setting aside ex parte judgment – requirement to show instruction to counsel and a plausible defence; affidavits governed by Order 19 CPR; hearsay inadmissible; litigant’s duty to follow up counsel; documents introduced at submissions not proper evidence.
11 July 2013
Plaintiff awarded general damages for government’s prolonged retention of title; interest denied as unpleaded.
Land law – wrongful retention of certificate of title by State officials – loss of use and loss of income – assessment of general damages; Civil procedure – ex parte hearing does not discharge plaintiff’s burden of proof; Pleading requirements – interest must be pleaded and proved before award; Costs – costs follow the event.
11 July 2013
Mandamus granted to compel the registrar to note re‑entry and cancel a lease after disobedience of a court order.
Judicial review; mandamus to compel administrative action; enforcement of unappealed court decree; contempt for disobedience of court order; protection of property rights (s.26 Constitution).
11 July 2013
Court found the applicant aggrieved by an ex parte judgment and overruled the preliminary objection, allowing review proceedings to continue.
Judicial review — Review of ex parte judgment — Aggrieved person requirement; Civil Procedure — Order 46 r.1 and s.82 CPA — grounds for review (new evidence, apparent error on face of record); Preliminary objection practice — PO raises pure point of law and assumes facts pleaded; Merits vs. procedural threshold — apparent errors addressed at merits stage.
4 July 2013
Registrar may refuse execution where the applicant’s title is tainted by an unappealed criminal conviction; vesting order was improper.
Land law – Execution of decrees – registrar’s discretion to refuse execution where decree-holder’s title is tainted by fraud and criminal conviction; Criminal conviction for obtaining registration by false pretences – effect on execution; Appeals – timeliness and certification of appeal documents; Registration of Titles Act s.177 – vesting orders require successful civil action to recover land, criminal proceedings insufficient.
4 July 2013
The plaintiff was wrongfully evicted from property after landlord's death; court awards damages for unlawful eviction and improvements.
Landlord and tenant law – unlawful eviction – executor's rights without probate – compensatory damages for tenant improvements.
3 July 2013
Court declared the 2nd Plaintiff the rightful owner due to priority in registration and cancelled Defendant's erroneous title.
Land law – Title registration – Priority of registration determines legality of ownership – Error in issuance of title by land commission
3 July 2013
June 2013
Applicant granted interim injunction preserving possession pending trial after court found a serious question to be tried and risk of irreparable harm.
Land law – interim injunctions – requirement of a serious question to be tried rather than final determination on the merits; irreparable injury – substantial injury not adequately compensable by damages; balance of convenience – preserving status quo pending trial; effect of non‑reply by a respondent on interlocutory relief.
27 June 2013
Application to set aside dismissal dismissed: service on counsel effective and insufficient cause shown for non-appearance.
Land — Set aside of ex parte dismissal — Order 9 r22/r23 CPR — Service on recognised agent/counsel under Order 3 r3 — Sufficient cause for non-appearance — Unpleaded lapse of counsel inadmissible evidence.
27 June 2013
Court dismissed preliminary objections, finding disputed succession and title issues require evidence at trial.
* Civil procedure – preliminary objections – sufficiency of a defence – whether pleadings disclose reasonable answer; * Locus standi – right to sue for recovery of estate property; * Property/ succession – validity and effect of a certificate of succession and registration; * Procedural law – questions of mixed fact and law to be resolved at trial; * Prescription/time-bar pleas – whether suitable for preliminary determination.
21 June 2013
Court declares the plaintiff the equitable owner of disputed land and awards damages for defendants' interference.
Land Law – Purchase of land – Equitable ownership – Trespass – Remedies for interference with land ownership
20 June 2013
Payment of mortgage and agent-received funds conveyed ownership of the whole mortgaged property; defendant’s continued occupation unlawful.
Land law – mortgage sale – payment of mortgage debt to bank – whether payment covered whole property; agency – payments made to instructed advocate amount to payment to principal; possession and eviction – unlawful occupation; remedies – vacant possession, injunction, damages, costs; mutation of portion left to vendor.
19 June 2013
A certificate of title procured by fraud may be cancelled to restore the plaintiff's ownership by adverse possession.
Land law – Registration of titles – Certificate of title conclusive but defeasible for fraud – Fraud and constructive notice – Adverse possession/long possession as evidence of proprietary interest – Court power to cancel and rectify register under RTA ss.176–177.
19 June 2013
Leave granted to amend pleadings to add additional land; amendment does not change cause of action and is allowed with costs.
Civil procedure – Amendment of pleadings (Order VI r.19) – Whether amendment introduces new cause of action – Avoidance of multiplicity of suits – Substantive justice over technicality – Costs in the cause.
18 June 2013

 

16 June 2013
Temporary injunction granted to maintain status quo pending trial due to conflicting respondents and supporting affidavit evidence.
* Civil procedure – interlocutory injunction – maintain status quo – affidavit evidence – conflicting co-defendants’ positions necessitating preservation of suit property. * Evidence – absence of affidavit in reply and reliance on submissions addressing merits – limited weight in interim applications. * Costs – costs in the cause awarded with interim relief.
14 June 2013
Applicants granted temporary injunction restraining respondent from disposing of the suit land pending trial.
Civil procedure – Temporary injunctions – requirements: prima facie case, risk of irreparable injury, balance of convenience; preservation of status quo; effect of respondent failing to file affidavit in reply.
14 June 2013
Land Division lacks jurisdiction to grant letters of administration; applicants' application procedurally defective and dismissed.
Succession law – letters of administration – forum competence: applications for administration belong in Family Division or via Administrator General, not Land Division; a person cannot be compelled to accept appointment as administrator; affidavit jurat must state place and date (Oaths Act).
12 June 2013
Applicant may argue new legal grounds on appeal under Order 43 rule 2, but formal amendment and jurisdictional challenge were disallowed.
* Civil procedure – amendment of memorandum of appeal – Order 43 rule 2 permits arguing grounds not included in memorandum on appeal. * Amendment discretion guided by substantial justice, avoidance of multiplicity, absence of mala fides (Cropper v Smith; Gaso Transport). * Jurisdictional challenges may be barred where pleadings expressly admit jurisdiction. * Formal amendment barred where appeal memorandum filed beyond statutory 30‑day period (Order 43 r1; section 79(1)(a)).
7 June 2013
Application to set aside dismissal refused because unsworn witness statements were inadmissible and plaintiffs failed to prove their case.
* Civil procedure – review – inherent jurisdiction (s.33 Judicature Act; s.98 Civil Procedure Act) – limits where specific review provisions exist (Order 46 CPR). * Evidence – admissibility – unsworn witness statements not admissible to discharge burden of proof (s.101 Evidence Act; s.10 Oaths Act). * Ex parte proceedings – burden of proof remains on plaintiff; ex parte does not lower evidentiary standard.
6 June 2013
An uncontested application supported by the applicant’s affidavit and submissions was allowed; costs awarded due to respondent's non-response.
Civil procedure – uncontested application – failure to file affidavit in reply or written submissions – court may decide on applicant’s affidavit and submissions and grant relief; costs in the cause awarded.
6 June 2013
Applicant failed to prove the Registrar cancelled his title; court dismissed the application for lack of evidence.
Land registration – Alleged cancellation/confiscation of certificate of title – Registrar’s power to call for duplicate and correct register; Procedural fairness – notice and opportunity to be heard (s.91(8)-(9) Land Act); Burden of proof in ex parte proceedings – applicant must prove changes to register on balance of probabilities; Relief refused where only intent to amend shown and no evidence of actual alteration to title.
6 June 2013
Court recognises the law firm on record as sole representative; rival firm lacked notice and was dismissed with costs.
Advocates – representation – notice of joint instructions and change of advocate – locus standi of counsel – effect on formalisation of consent judgment; Party identity – company v association – land allocation discrepancy.
6 June 2013
May 2013
A vesting order under section 167 RTA requires proof of possession and vendor unavailability; lacking these, the applicant's claim fails.
* Land law – Originating summons (Order 37 CPR) – Vesting order under section 167 Registration of Titles Act – Requirements: registered land, full payment, possession with vendor's acquiescence, and vendor dead/out of jurisdiction/unfindable. * Remedy – where section 167 conditions not met, seek recovery of land by civil suit and vesting under section 177 RTA. * Ex parte proceedings – burden of proof remains on applicant.
30 May 2013
A preliminary objection based on disputed facts and alleged illegality cannot be decided without trial; objection overruled.
Civil procedure – preliminary objection – point of law vs disputed facts – PO inappropriate where extrinsic evidence required; alleged illegality (lack of ministerial consent/written agreement) not susceptible to disposal on preliminary objection; PO must be capable of disposing entire action to be heard pre-trial.
30 May 2013