Election Petitions of Uganda

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146 judgments
Citation
Judgment date
November 2020
Judicial review dismissed for suing a non‑existent party tribunal, failure to exhaust internal remedies, mootness and concession to process.
Political party disputes – judicial review – whether an ad hoc party tribunal is suable; exhaustion of internal remedies before judicial review; mootness/overtaken-by-events where parties later nominated; participation/concession to internal process; standards of legality and fairness in tribunal procedures.
27 November 2020
January 2020
6 January 2020
July 2018
Electoral Commission lawfully denominated candidate due to unproven name-change and mismatching academic documents; petition dismissed.
Electoral law – nomination and qualification – name discrepancy between academic documents and national register – burden on candidate to prove change of name under Registration of Persons Act; locus standi of political parties to lodge complaints; power of EC to denominate candidates and to gazette elected candidate under s.14; statutory declaration vs. lawful name-change procedures.
13 July 2018
February 2018
26 February 2018
October 2017
Petitioner failed to prove nomination defects, electoral offences, or substantial non‑compliance; petition dismissed with costs.
Election law – candidate nomination – requirements for nominators and signatures; Election offences – bribery, undue influence, threats – burden and elements of proof; Non‑compliance with electoral procedure – early closure of polling stations and substantive vs trivial irregularities; Procedural remedies – inspection and challenge of nomination papers; Standard of proof in election petitions – balance of probabilities.
31 October 2017
September 2017
26 September 2017
Court set aside annulment: uncertified DR unreliable and non‑local registration does not disqualify candidacy; petition dismissed.
* Election law – challenge to local council election result – substantial effect test (quantitative and qualitative analysis). * Electoral procedure – Declaration of Results (DR) forms – certified EC copies as best evidence; uncertified, disputed DR unreliable. * Local Governments Act – qualification to stand – being registered in a different locality does not automatically disqualify a candidate; proof of registration required. * Section 136 LG Act – duty of presiding officers to transmit DR, sealed materials; failure to do so undermines credibility of process. * Standard of proof in election petitions – balance of probabilities.
4 September 2017
August 2017
17 August 2017
July 2017
27 July 2017
Whether party-and-party costs can be recovered for multiple advocates and validity of a consent taxation entered by former counsel.
Costs — party-and-party taxation — indemnity principle; entitlement to costs where multiple advocates represented a party; requirement of judicial certificate for more than one advocate; validity of consent orders entered by advocates who have withdrawn instructions; remit of taxation where wrong principle applied (instruction fees wrongly allowed in "costs of the day").
6 July 2017
December 2016
Taxation largely upheld but second respondent’s taxed bill set aside; preparatory items disallowed as covered by instruction fee.
Taxation of costs – Advocates Remuneration and Taxation Rules SI 267-4 – Instruction fee covers preparatory work – Registrar’s discretion under Rule 13 – Taxation set aside where no court-awarded costs – consideration of inflation in taxation.
16 December 2016
A prior Anti‑Corruption Act conviction disqualified the respondent from council election; election nullified and appellant declared elected.
* Electoral law – candidate qualification – effect of prior conviction under Anti‑Corruption Act s.19 – disqualification under s.46 for ten years. * Statutory interpretation – definition of "public body/public office" in Anti‑Corruption Act – purposive construction to include local government councils and elective offices. * Civil procedure – competency of appeal – failure to extract decree not fatal where judgment and appeal records properly filed. * Precedent – lower courts bound by High Court authority; trial court erred in departing from binding decisions.
15 December 2016
A conviction for an Anti-Corruption Act offence disqualifies a local government councillor; appeal allowed despite no decree and election nullified.
* Anti-Corruption Act 2009 s.46 – Disqualification from holding public office after conviction – applicability to local government councillors. * Statutory interpretation – meaning of "public office" within anti-corruption legislation – literal and purposive approaches. * Civil procedure – appeal competency – failure to extract decree not fatal where substantive justice requires determination. * Election law – invalid nomination/election where candidate disqualified under anti-corruption statute; remedy and declaration of next-placed candidate.
14 December 2016
November 2016
An Article 86 petition remains subject to the PEA’s 30‑day filing rule; late petitions are void and struck out with costs.
Election law – Time limits – Section 60(3) PEA 30‑day filing requirement; Article 86/Section 86 do not create an independent window; Rule 19 cannot cure filing out of time; requirement for supporting signatures for registered‑voter petitions.
24 November 2016
October 2016
Election petition struck off for failure to pay the mandatory UGX 150,000 filing fee under applicable Parliamentary Elections Rules.
Election law – Local Government elections – application of Parliamentary Elections Rules via s.172 LGA; mandatory filing fee for election petitions (Rule 5(3) & 5(4)) – payment procedure for court fees; Treasury Accounting Instructions – payments to designated bank required; failure to pay prescribed fee ousts jurisdiction – petition struck off.
19 October 2016
September 2016
Election petition dismissed for failure to prove invalid nomination or electoral offences substantially affecting the result.
Electoral law – nomination validity – verification by returning officer and Electoral Commission; election petition procedural objections – admissibility of affidavits and Illiterates Protection Act compliance; standard of proof in local government election petitions (s.61(3)) – balance of probabilities; proof required for bribery, intimidation, forgery and wrongful invalidation; substantial effect test for annulling elections.
9 September 2016
Court allowed oral discovery under O.10 r.12 and ordered production; preliminary objections to be heard before trial.
* Civil procedure – Discovery – Order 10 Rule 12 (broad discretionary discovery) versus Rule 15 (documents referenced in pleadings). * Election petition – expedition and relevance of document production relating to vote management and accountability. * Preliminary objections – payment of court fees and form of supporting affidavit to be determined before substantive hearing.
9 September 2016
The applicant's election petition was dismissed for failing to prove substantial non-compliance or bribery affecting the result.
• Election law – compliance with Parliamentary Elections Act – recounts and RO jurisdiction for mandatory recounts (50-vote margin). • Election irregularities – early closure of polls and alleged disenfranchisement – burden to prove substantial effect. • Electoral offences – bribery allegations require credible, corroborated evidence and proper pleading. • Remedies – courts cautious to annul elections absent substantial, qualitatively significant departures from fair process.
2 September 2016
August 2016
Election voided because winner lacked proven O‑level qualification and petitioner was disenfranchised by omitted ballot details.
* Electoral law – locus standi – valid nomination under section 16(b) PEA and Commission’s power to enlarge time (s.50 ECA). * Qualification for parliamentary candidature – minimum formal education (A‑level or equivalent) and proof of ownership of examination certificates. * Identity and change of name – evidentiary nexus between certificate name and candidate. * Verification of academic qualifications – scope of NCHE duties and section 4(13) PEA. * Ballot paper errors – omission of candidate particulars, voter disenfranchisement, substantial non‑compliance and annulment of election. * Remedies – nullification of election, fresh poll, costs apportionment.
30 August 2016
Petitioner failed to prove bribery or material non-compliance that substantially affected the election; petition dismissed with costs.
Election law; Parliamentary Elections Act — allegations of bribery and illegal practices; standard and degree of proof in election petitions; admissibility and commissioning of affidavits; severance of defective affidavit parts; requirement for cross-examination and corroboration; whether non-compliance substantially affected election result; discretion to treat procedural breaches as technicalities.
26 August 2016
26 August 2016
Petitioner declared elected where respondent was not a registered voter, name change/statutory declaration inadequate, and cancelled polling results materially affected outcome.
Electoral law – candidate qualification – registered voter requirement and name change formalities; Parliamentary Elections Act s.4 and s.53; Registration of Persons Act compliance for change of name; admissibility of statutory declarations as proof of academic qualification (PEA s.4(14)); irregular cancellation of polling station results and substantial effect on result.
20 August 2016
Court set aside election after finding bribery by respondent’s agents; ordered fresh election and further investigation.
Election law – burden and standard of proof in election petitions; bribery and illegal practices by candidate’s agents; recount and missing ballot boxes; cancelled polling-station results; remedies – annulment and fresh election.
15 August 2016
Applicant failed to prove respondent was not a Ugandan citizen; respondent’s Ugandan documents established lawful nomination and election.
* Election law – qualification to stand for Parliament – citizenship by birth and descent under the Constitution and relevant statutes. * Evidence – authenticity and admissibility of documentary proof (uncertified photocopies, foreign voter cards) and proper proof of provenance. * Burden and standard of proof in election petitions – contestant bears burden; balance of probabilities. * Local authority powers – limits on registration of aliens under Aliens (Registration and Control) Act.
15 August 2016
Petitioner proved sectarian speech, organized election violence and unlawful use of a government vehicle; election annulled.
Election law – sectarian and disparaging statements – electoral violence and intimidation by candidate/agents – use of government resources for campaigning – burden and standard of proof in election petitions – Electoral Commission liability for flawed elections.
12 August 2016
July 2016
27 July 2016
Election nullified due to organized intimidation, ballot‑stuffing, falsified results and failure to follow electoral procedures.
Electoral law – non‑compliance: intimidation by armed persons; multiple voting and ballot‑stuffing; falsification of Declaration of Result forms; failure to verify voters/use biometric machines; incorrect tallying – impact on result; nullification and fresh election ordered.
26 July 2016
Non‑compliance, bribery, use of a government vehicle and ballot anomalies nullified the election and fresh polls were ordered.
Election law – electoral irregularities – non‑compliance with Parliamentary Elections Act – use of government resources for campaigning – bribery and distribution of gifts – unexplained ballot paper discrepancies – harassment/arrests of agents – standard and burden of proof in election petitions.
25 July 2016
Petitioner failed to prove bribery or irregularities; election held valid and petition dismissed with costs.
* Election law – service and joinder – adequacy of notice of presentation and affidavit of service. * Election law – bribery and illegal practices – elements: gift, by candidate/agent, intention to influence vote; need for credible independent evidence. * Timing – distinction between pre-nomination relief/government distribution and prohibited campaign-period inducements. * Counsel ethics – advocacy where counsel has served process or acted as election agent; court discretion to allow participation. * Standard and burden of proof – petitioner must prove allegations on balance of probabilities with cogent evidence.
25 July 2016
Petitioner failed to prove electoral non-compliance or bribery; election result stands and petition dismissed with costs.
Electoral law — Election petition burden and standard of proof (s.61) — Compliance by Electoral Commission with declaration procedures — Significance of signed Declaration of Results forms — Proof and corroboration in bribery allegations — Materiality: whether non-compliance affected results substantially.
25 July 2016
Proven bribery by the 1st respondent through agents sufficed to nullify the parliamentary election and order a fresh poll.
Election law – parliamentary election petition – burden and standard of proof (balance of probabilities; slightly higher than ordinary civil) – agency – illegal practices (bribery) – proof by conduct and corroborative evidence – non‑compliance and procedural irregularities (late start, multiple voting, pre‑ticked ballots) – admissibility of affidavits filed without leave.
20 July 2016
20 July 2016
Petitioner failed to prove bribery, false statements or violence materially affected the election; petition dismissed, respondent duly elected.
Election petition — standard and burden of proof in setting aside MP elections; admissibility and reliability of affidavit evidence (hearsay, detached jurats, forged/inconsistent signatures, coached affidavits); proof required for bribery (registered-voter status, corroboration); false statements — requirement of malice/recklessness; violence/intimidation — causation and material effect on results.
15 July 2016
Failure to resign from a paid constitutional commission before nomination renders a parliamentary election null and void.
Parliamentary elections — qualification and disqualification — Article 80(4) Constitution and Section 4(4)(a) Parliamentary Elections Act — members of constitutional commissions and resignation requirement; electoral procedure — jurisdiction over interlocutory matters (Rule 24 SI 141-2); substituted service and timing (Rule 6 SI 141-2); validity of petition support signatures.
15 July 2016
Conviction under the Anti‑Corruption Act disqualified the candidate; election annulled and fresh poll ordered, EC held liable.
Election law – disqualification under Anti‑Corruption Act s.46 (10‑year bar) following conviction; Appeal rights and presumption of innocence – filing for certificate of importance does not equate to a substantive appeal; Electoral Commission’s duty to consider disqualifying information; failure to do so renders nomination and election invalid.
14 July 2016
Court set aside election after finding respondent unqualified due to invalid/unauthentic academic documents and inadequate vetting.
Electoral law – candidate qualification – authenticity of academic certificates and change of name; burden of proof and shift of evidential burden; vetting duty of the Electoral Commission; effect of non-compliance on election validity; admissibility of petitions despite procedural irregularities.
7 July 2016
Commission unlawfully annulled validly evidenced local election; court declared petitioner winner, ordered gazetting and injunction.
Electoral law – declaration of results – validity of signed Declaration of Result forms as basis for declaring winner; disturbance/riot during elections – timing and effect on result validity; Electoral Commission’s powers – limits where authentic D.R. forms exist; remedies – declaration, gazetting, injunction and costs.
4 July 2016
Petitioner proved bribery, failure to resign and invalid qualifications, resulting in annulment of the respondent's election.
Electoral offences – bribery (gifts and money) under s.68(1) PEA; Candidate eligibility – minimum academic qualifications—invalid O-Level certificate vitiating subsequent university awards; Public officer candidacy – failure to resign as RDC before nomination; Electoral Commission duties – restraint and verification of resignation but not required to investigate acquisition of higher qualifications; Effect of non-compliance – annulment of election.
4 July 2016
June 2016
28 June 2016
Electoral Commission’s procedural failures at two polling stations rendered the parliamentary result substantially unsafe; fresh election ordered.
Parliamentary elections — statutory post-count procedures — non-compliance with sealing and custody requirements (ss.50,51,52 PEA 2005) — Returning Officer’s duty under s.53 — admissibility and certification of DR forms (Evidence Act) — quantitative test for substantial effect on result — remedy: setting election aside and ordering fresh poll.
28 June 2016
Breach of the PEA timing rule did not substantially affect the election; allegations of bribery and irregularities were unproven.
Election law — admissibility of affidavits filed after initial filing but before scheduling; improper rejoinder/surrejoinder; service of pleadings directory. Parliamentary Elections Act — alleged irregularities (late materials, ballot transfer, stuffing, multiple voting, disenfranchisement, denial of agents, alteration of DRFs) — not proved. Bribery and illegal donations — allegations not proved to required standard. Tallying and declaration timelines — breach of s.18(4) PEA (late declaration) but no substantial effect on result.
24 June 2016
Petition dismissed: qualifications issue res judicata; Electoral Commission’s reprinted DR forms lawful and did not vitiate result.
Election law – res judicata as to candidate qualifications arising from prior court determination; Electoral Commission powers under s.50 ECA to correct mistakes during polling; validity and authentication of Declaration of Results forms; requirement to prove non-compliance affected result substantially before annulling election; estoppel where agents sign DR forms.
24 June 2016
Electoral Commission's corrective DR forms did not substantially affect the election; petition dismissed.
Electoral law — omission of a candidate's name on Declaration of Results forms; Electoral Commission powers to correct election anomalies (s.50, s.14, Article 61); validity of non‑prescribed/generic DR forms where substance is intact; agent signatures as estoppel; substantial‑effect test for annulment of elections.
24 June 2016
Petitioner failed to prove bribery, defamation or substantial non-compliance; declared winner’s election upheld, petition dismissed.
Electoral law – election petition – burden and standard of proof; voter bribery – proof requirements (registered voter status, inducement, agent link); evidence admissibility – jurat/translator formalities; declaration of results form errors – effect on result; defamation – necessity of producing impugned material.
23 June 2016
A restraining order overtaken by events does not invalidate a valid nomination; declaration stands if candidate obtained most votes.
Election law – nomination and validity of candidature; effect of interlocutory/restraining orders on nominations; Section 11 and 13 PEA (nomination rules); Section 58 PEA (declaration of winner); burden of proof in election petitions; overtaken-by-events doctrine for interim orders.
17 June 2016
A post-event restraining order did not invalidate a prior lawful nomination; election upheld and petition dismissed.
Election law — Nomination of candidates — validity of nomination under Section 11 Parliamentary Elections Act; effect of interlocutory injunction issued after nomination; status quo and effluxion of time; substantial effect requirement under Section 61(1).
17 June 2016
Bribery, intimidation and procedural non‑compliance by the respondent and Electoral Commission led to annulment of the election and a fresh poll.
Electoral law – Parliamentary Elections Act – non‑compliance with electoral procedures; affidavit formalities – affidavit rejected for not being sworn before a Commissioner for Oaths; illegal practices – bribery, intimidation and hijacking of vote counting; substantial effect standard – annulling election and ordering fresh poll.
17 June 2016
Respondent’s improper exit from public service made his nomination void, nullifying his election and triggering fresh polls.
Electoral law – qualification for nomination – distinction between resignation and retirement from public service – statutory timelines for resignation (90 days) and retirement (six months’ notice) – effect of improper retirement on validity of nomination and election.
15 June 2016
Destruction of ballot boxes frustrated a court‑ordered recount; court set aside the election and ordered a fresh poll.
Parliamentary Elections Act – mandatory recount (s.54) and court‑sanctioned recount (s.55); safe custody of election materials (s.52); destruction of ballot boxes frustrating recount; non‑compliance and substantial effect on election result; burden of proof in election petitions; remedies – setting aside election and ordering fresh poll; allocation of costs against Electoral Commission.
14 June 2016
Petitioner failed to prove electoral irregularities; election found compliant and petition dismissed with costs.
Parliamentary elections — statutory election petition under Section 60 — compliance with electoral laws; interlocutory court orders subject to appeal; party symbol allocation; allegations of false statements (Section 73) — burden on petitioner to prove illegality and substantial effect on result; dismissal where irregularities not proved.
13 June 2016