HC: Criminal Division (Uganda)

The Criminal Division is Responsible for hearing all serious criminal offences referred to it by the Magistrates' Courts. According to the Principal Judge's Circular, except for Commercial Court Judges who must attend to only Commercial Court cases, the rest of the Judges of the High Court who are based in Kampala are members of the Criminal Division irrespective of the other Divisions of the High Court that they belong to.

Each of the above judges is supposed to do, at least, one High Court Criminal Session in a year at Kampala

Physical address
High Court Building at Plot 2, the Square.
32 judgments
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32 judgments
Citation
Judgment date
July 2023
31 July 2023
31 July 2023
31 July 2023
31 July 2023
31 July 2023
31 July 2023
31 July 2023
31 July 2023
A 23‑year‑old who pleaded guilty to murdering and burning a victim sentenced to 30 years, less remand (27y8m).
Criminal law – Murder – aggravating factors: burning and concealment of body; mitigation: youth, first offender, deprived upbringing, guilty plea; sentencing law – Kigula decision; Life imprisonment redefined by 2019 amendment; remand deduction from sentence.
31 July 2023
Appellate court upheld respondents' registered title, found locus visit unnecessary, and reduced excessive general damages to Ushs 8,000,000.
Land law – locus in quo – visit discretionary, only necessary where in-court evidence cannot resolve factual issues such as boundaries or permanent features. Land law – registered title – section 59 RTA: certificate of title is conclusive evidence of ownership and shifts onus to challenger. Civil appeals – reappraisal of evidence by first appellate court: duty to re-evaluate but allow for not having seen or heard witnesses. Damages – general damages are compensatory; absence of proof of special damages may render an award excessive and subject to reduction.
28 July 2023
Prosecution failed to prove forgery or uttering; handwriting expert’s inconclusive opinion and acquittal upheld.
Criminal law – Forgery and uttering false documents – burden of proof on prosecution to prove authorship and intent beyond reasonable doubt; expert handwriting evidence inconclusive and not binding. Evidence – Expert opinion may be rejected if not soundly based; appellate duty to re-evaluate entire record.
28 July 2023
26 July 2023
26 July 2023
21 July 2023
21 July 2023
21 July 2023
Strangulation caused the death, but accused acquitted because participation was not proved beyond reasonable doubt.
Murder — elements: death, unlawfulness, malice aforethought, participation; Forensic evidence — post-mortem ruling strangulation not electrocution; Circumstantial evidence insufficient to establish accused’s participation; Acquittal for failure to prove involvement beyond reasonable doubt.
19 July 2023
Victim and medical evidence proved aggravated defilement by a person in authority; accused convicted and sentenced.
Criminal law – Aggravated defilement – elements: victim under 14; sexual act (penetration) and offender in authority. Evidence – victim’s testimony corroborated by medical and investigative evidence suffices to prove penetration and culpability. Sentencing – capital offence; balancing aggravating and mitigating factors; deduction for time on remand.
19 July 2023
17 July 2023
17 July 2023
17 July 2023
17 July 2023
Convicted appellant failed to show exceptional circumstances for bail pending appeal; application dismissed.
Criminal procedure – Bail pending appeal – Appellate court’s discretion under S.40(2) Criminal Procedure Code Act and S.205 Magistrates Courts Act; onus on convicted appellant to show cause. Bail considerations – character; first offender; violence; prospects of success on appeal; likelihood of delay; compliance with prior bail conditions. Seriousness of offence and risk of absconding weigh against bail pending appeal.
13 July 2023
A convicted appellant failed to show exceptional circumstances; bail pending appeal was refused due to seriousness and risk of absconding.
Criminal procedure – Bail pending appeal – Appellate discretion under s.40(2) CPC and s.205 Magistrates Courts Act; onus on convicted appellant to show exceptional circumstances; factors to consider include character, first-offender status, violence involved, prospects of success, delay, and risk of absconding; seriousness of offence and adequacy of sureties relevant.
13 July 2023
Convicted appellant failed to show exceptional circumstances for bail pending appeal; application dismissed.
Criminal procedure – Bail pending appeal – convicted appellant bears onus to show exceptional circumstances; factors: character, first offender, violence, prospects of success, delay, compliance with bail; risk of absconding; proof of fixed abode and adequacy of sureties.
13 July 2023
11 July 2023
Magistrate wrongly dismissed a private complaint for lack of local chief letter and for lack of jurisdiction; rehearing ordered.
Criminal procedure – Private prosecutions – Magistrates' Court Act s.42(3)-(7) – Complaint on oath, consultation with local chief, drawing of formal charge and issuance of summons. Criminal procedure – Timing of criminal summons – summons follow magistrate's prima facie finding and drawing of charges. Jurisdiction – Territorial jurisdiction – identification of City and Division suffices under Magisterial Areas Instrument, 2017. Prosecution control – Director of Public Prosecutions may take over private prosecutions but private prosecutor need not prove DPP inaction before instituting proceedings.
6 July 2023
Magistrate wrongly dismissed private complaint for lack of local-chief letter and for want of jurisdiction; rehearing ordered under s.42.
Private prosecutions — Magistrates’ Court Act s.42 — requirement to consult local chief rests on magistrate; supporting letter discretionary — issuance of criminal summons only after prima facie finding and charge drawn — territorial jurisdiction determined by City/Division — DPP supervisory powers do not make proof of DPP inaction a prerequisite to private prosecution.
6 July 2023
4 July 2023
Circumstantial and forensic evidence, including last‑seen doctrine and postmortem findings, sufficed to convict the accused of murder.
Criminal law – Murder – proof of death, unlawfulness and malice aforethought; inference of intent from surrounding circumstances. Circumstantial evidence – last-seen doctrine, scene indicators (struggle, broken sticks), sketch plan and wounds on accused. Evidence – hearsay objection to third‑party report considered but not decisive where confession not alleged and other evidence is compelling.
4 July 2023
Court allowed prosecution to reopen case to tender omitted DNA and other exhibits as essential to a just decision.
Criminal procedure – reopening prosecution case after close of evidence; Trial on Indictment Act ss.39(1) and 73(1); discretion to recall witnesses; admission of omitted documents and DNA evidence; balancing probative value against prejudice.
3 July 2023
Revision dismissed — applicant failed to show real prejudice warranting stay of criminal prosecution pending civil suit.
Criminal procedure — stay of criminal proceedings pending civil litigation — application of section 209 Magistrates Court Act; Revision jurisdiction under sections 48 and 50 Criminal Procedure Code Act; test for stay: concurrent suits, same parties, substantially same subject matter, real risk of prejudice; burden on applicant to show real (not speculative) prejudice; public interest in prosecution.
3 July 2023