HC: Criminal Division (Uganda)

The Criminal Division is Responsible for hearing all serious criminal offences referred to it by the Magistrates' Courts. According to the Principal Judge's Circular, except for Commercial Court Judges who must attend to only Commercial Court cases, the rest of the Judges of the High Court who are based in Kampala are members of the Criminal Division irrespective of the other Divisions of the High Court that they belong to.

Each of the above judges is supposed to do, at least, one High Court Criminal Session in a year at Kampala

Physical address
High Court Building at Plot 2, the Square.
23 judgments
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23 judgments
Citation
Judgment date
December 2020
Conviction based on an equivocal guilty plea and mismatched facts was quashed; sentence set aside and appellant released.
Criminal procedure – plea of guilty – plea must be an unequivocal admission of all essential elements – magistrate must explain ingredients of offence and record accused's admissions – inconsistency between particulars and brief facts invalidates plea – conviction and sentence quashed for irregular proceedings.
30 December 2020
Court imposed 20‑year terms each for two murder convictions, declining death sentence due to mitigating factors and reform prospects.
Criminal law – Murder – Sentence – Whether to impose death or custodial sentence – Mitigating factors (age, first‑offender status, prospects of reform) – Remand credit in sentencing.
30 December 2020
Reliable identification required for conviction; one accused acquitted for weak ID, the other convicted, sentenced, and ordered to pay compensation.
* Criminal law – Aggravated robbery – elements: theft, violence/threat, possession of deadly weapon, and participation. * Evidence – identification: caution required where case depends on single identifying witness; consider opportunity to observe, light, familiarity, duration and consistency of statements. * Defence – alibi: burden remains on Prosecution to displace alibi. * Sentence – custodial term, remand credit, statutory compensation and post-release police supervision.
18 December 2020
Accused’s dragging and driving over the victim established unlawful killing with malice aforethought.
Criminal law – Murder – Elements: proof of death, unlawfulness and malice aforethought; proof by eyewitnesses and post‑mortem; accident as defence; malice inferred from nature and extent of injuries and accused’s conduct; flight from scene as indicium of guilt.
16 December 2020
Applicant charged with aggravated defilement granted bail subject to bond, sureties and monthly reporting.
Bail — Application under Trial on Indictments Act and Article 23(b) — Considerations: risk of absconding, interference with evidence, fixed abode, substantial sureties — Bail granted with cash bond and surety bonds, monthly reporting requirement.
15 December 2020
Court convicted the accused of aggravated defilement, finding the prosecution proved act, age and identity and sentenced him to 14 years (9 years 11 months remaining).
* Criminal law – Aggravated defilement – Elements: sexual act, victim under 14, identity of accused – proof beyond reasonable doubt; corroboration by victim, guardian and medical report. * Evidence – child testimony and corroboration by grandmother and medical examination. * Sentencing – aggravating v. mitigating factors; remand credit.
10 December 2020
Accused convicted of rape: identity and lack of consent proven; sentenced to 20 years imprisonment after remand credit.
Criminal law – Rape – Elements: carnal knowledge, lack of consent, participation – Medical PF3A and signs of struggle as corroboration – Identification evidence (multiple witnesses, lighting, naming, phone link) – Alibi contradictions – HIV status and prolonged detention of victim as aggravating factors – Sentence with remission for remand.
4 December 2020
November 2020
Adjournment for unregulated traditional reconciliation and late plea bargaining denied to protect the accused’s right to a speedy, equitable trial.
Criminal procedure – Adjournment applications; Plea bargaining – timing, scope and limits after trial commencement; Restorative justice (mato oput) – complementary role to formal justice and lack of regulatory safeguards; Constitutional right to a fair and speedy trial – balancing individual rights with public interest and judicial economy.
9 November 2020
October 2020
High Court upheld magistrate’s reconciliation-made maintenance order, dismissing challenge that criminal court lacked jurisdiction.
Revision — High Court supervisory powers; Magistrates Courts Act s.160 reconciliation; Penal Code s.157 neglect to provide for a child; jurisdiction to make maintenance/compensation orders in criminal reconciliation; discretionary approval of terms to meet victims’ needs.
16 October 2020
Accused convicted of murder by arson: setting occupied house alight established malice and responsibility, sentenced to life imprisonment.
* Criminal law – Murder by arson – elements: death, unlawfulness, malice aforethought, and responsibility. * Arson – setting occupied dwelling ablaze constitutes malice when death to occupants is foreseeable. * Circumstantial evidence and conduct after the event can establish responsibility. * Alibi defence does not shift burden; fails if it does not raise reasonable doubt.
8 October 2020
Bail granted where accused was traceable, had credible sureties and an unrebutted recantation by the victim's mother.
Criminal law – Bail pending trial – Traceability, adequate sureties and community ties – Weight of victim’s recantation – Benefit of doubt at bail stage – Aggravated defilement (s.129(3) & (4)(a) Penal Code).
1 October 2020
September 2020
Court convicted one accused of murder on corroborated sniffer‑dog, dying declaration and conduct; six others acquitted for insufficient evidence.
Criminal law – murder — elements: death, unlawfulness, malice aforethought, participation; circumstantial evidence — standard and caution; dying declaration — admissibility and need for corroboration; canine/sniffer dog tracking — admissibility, prerequisites and caution; telephone call logs without recorded conversations — limited probative value; flight/disappearance and post‑incident conduct as corroboration; alibi — prosecution must negative it.
17 September 2020
16 September 2020
Applicants charged with murder granted bail pending trial due to age, chronic illness, residence and adequate sureties.
* Criminal law – Bail pending trial – Application under Sections 14 and 15 TIA and Article 23(6) Constitution – Medical vulnerability and age as factors favouring bail; COVID-19-related trial delays and adequacy of sureties.
7 September 2020
Whether respondent proved ownership, trespass, and entitlement to vacant possession and general damages.
* Land law – ownership by purchase – evidential value of sale agreements and handwriting expert report – forgery allegations. * Civil procedure – appellate re-hearing – evaluation of inconsistencies and weight of witness testimony. * Trespass – unlawful entry after sale. * Damages – general damages for loss of use and deprivation of investment opportunity.
4 September 2020
August 2020
Applicant succeeds: respondent’s coronation and appointments declared void; injunction restraining him from acting as King of Ankole.
Customary law – Traditional/cultural leaders – Article 246 Constitution – Proof of customary succession – Expert evidence and judicial notice – Recognition under Traditional or Cultural Leaders Act – Declaratory relief and permanent injunctions.
27 August 2020
The court exercised sentencing discretion for aggravated robbery, crediting remand time and imposing 7 years 11 months 17 days plus compensation.
* Criminal law – Aggravated robbery – sentencing – interplay between Sentencing Guidelines and judicial discretion; * Death penalty – not mandatory; application of Attorney General v Suzan Kigula; * Mitigation – guilty plea, first offender status, recovery of property, family responsibilities; * Remand credit – setting off time spent on remand against sentence; * Compensation to victim ordered.
14 August 2020
July 2020
An accused charged with aggravated defilement may obtain bail where investigations are complete and sureties are credible.
Criminal procedure – Bail pending trial; aggravated defilement – presumption of innocence; fixed abode proof – national IDs and LC letters sufficient; lack of title/utility bills not determinative; exceptional‑circumstances requirement displaced; sufficiency of sureties; bail conditions (cash bond, surety bonds, monthly reporting).
30 July 2020
March 2020
A1 convicted of murder based on eyewitness identification, postmortem and exhibits; A2 and A3 acquitted for lack of corroborative evidence.
Criminal law – Murder – elements: death, unlawful act, malice aforethought and responsibility; Identification evidence – single identifying witness and corroboration; Admissible postmortem and exhibits; Insufficiency of hearsay/circumstantial evidence to convict co-accused; Remand credit on sentence.
4 March 2020
February 2020

Jurisdiction—cyber Harassment—digital footprint evidence—fair trial rights—non-derogable rights violation—witness summons compliance—visual-audio link procedure—constitutional interpretation of fair trial provisions—burden of proof in criminal appeals—application of Section 11(2) Human Rights Enforcement Act

20 February 2020
Appellate court set aside both conviction and acquittal after finding the trial court lacked jurisdiction under the Computer Misuse Act.
* Computer Misuse Act (2011) – Cyber Harassment (s.24) and Offensive Communications (s.25) – elements: wilful and repeated electronic communication and disturbance of peace/ privacy with no legitimate purpose. * Burden and standard of proof – prosecution must prove every ingredient beyond reasonable doubt. * Jurisdiction – lack of trial court jurisdiction vitiates proceedings and may require setting aside convictions and acquittals. * Appellate review – duty to re‑evaluate evidence but constrained by jurisdictional and procedural defects.
20 February 2020

 

17 February 2020
17 February 2020