HC: Criminal Division (Uganda)

The Criminal Division is Responsible for hearing all serious criminal offences referred to it by the Magistrates' Courts. According to the Principal Judge's Circular, except for Commercial Court Judges who must attend to only Commercial Court cases, the rest of the Judges of the High Court who are based in Kampala are members of the Criminal Division irrespective of the other Divisions of the High Court that they belong to.

Each of the above judges is supposed to do, at least, one High Court Criminal Session in a year at Kampala

Physical address
High Court Building at Plot 2, the Square.
111 judgments
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111 judgments
Citation
Judgment date
December 2014
Conviction and 18‑month sentence upheld; compensation order set aside for lack of evidentiary basis.
Criminal law – malicious damage to property – evaluation of alibi and credibility of witnesses; Sentence – exercise of judicial discretion under s.335(1) Penal Code Act; Compensation – award in criminal proceedings requires evidentiary basis and may be set aside if unsupported.
17 December 2014
Retracted extra‑judicial confessions admitted without a trial within a trial and lacking corroboration rendered the conviction unsafe; retrial ordered.
* Criminal law – Extra‑judicial confessions – Retraction – Requirement of trial within a trial to determine voluntariness. * Evidence – Corroboration – Unsafe to convict on uncorroborated retracted confession obtained by investigating officers. * Criminal procedure – Appellate scrutiny – duty to reassess evidence afresh and order retrial where conviction unsafe. * Sentence – Custodial term within statutory maximum may be appropriate though alternative fines must be justified.
17 December 2014
An accused on long remand may obtain bail for murder absent exceptional circumstances if unlikely to abscond.
Bail — Murder charge — Constitutional right to apply for bail (Art. 23(6)(a)) — Presumption of innocence — Section 15 Trial on Indictment Act; exceptional circumstances not mandatory — Factors: period on remand, fixed abode, substantive sureties — Bail conditions: cash bond, non-cash bond by sureties, reporting, photographs, maps — Default attracts arrest warrant.
4 December 2014
November 2014
Sentencing without a formal charge or plea and a judge acting as witness/prosecutor was grossly irregular; sentence quashed.
Criminal procedure – Contempt of court – Requirement for formal charge and plea (MCA ss.124,126–128,133) – Prosecutor acting as witness – Judge as witness/complainant – Necessity of impartial adjudicator – Illegality of sentencing on a non‑existing charge.
18 November 2014
Criminal law
7 November 2014
October 2014
Criminal law
24 October 2014
Criminal law|Evidence Law|Burden of Proof
20 October 2014
Criminal law
2 October 2014
Criminal law|Burden of Proof
2 October 2014
Criminal law|Burden of Proof
1 October 2014
Criminal law
1 October 2014
Criminal law|Burden of Proof
1 October 2014
September 2014
Criminal law|Burden of Proof
30 September 2014
Criminal law|Evidence Law
29 September 2014
Criminal law|Evidence Law
29 September 2014
Criminal law|Evidence Law|Burden of Proof
22 September 2014
Criminal law|Evidence Law|Burden of Proof
22 September 2014
Criminal law
19 September 2014
Conviction for obtaining money by false pretence quashed where prosecution evidence was uncorroborated and raised reasonable doubt.
Criminal law – Obtaining money by false pretence – Ingredients of the offence – necessity to prove false representation, knowledge, intent and delivery beyond reasonable doubt; Appeal – appellate duty to re-evaluate evidence and quash unsafe convictions; Evidence – requirement for corroboration, credible witnesses and documentary proof where available; Conviction unsafe where prosecution case is inconsistent and uncorroborated.
18 September 2014
Appellate court upholds conviction and 10 million compensation, finding evidence credible and no miscarriage of justice.
Criminal appeal – evaluation of evidence on appeal; credibility and demeanour findings; alleged contradictions and corroboration; alleged judicial bias; sentencing – award of compensation and appropriateness of sentence.
18 September 2014
Equivocal plea and inadequate medical evidence: grievous harm conviction substituted for actual bodily harm and sentence reduced to 12 months.
* Criminal procedure – Plea of guilty – Necessity to plead to all ingredients of the offence – Equivocal plea cannot sustain conviction for a more serious offence. * Evidence – Medical report – Single finger injury insufficient to support charge of grievous harm. * Sentencing – Court’s power under s.34(1) and 2(b)(c) CPC to substitute conviction and alter sentence.
18 September 2014
Circumstantial proof—threats, medical evidence and a sniffer dog—established a juvenile’s guilt for murder beyond reasonable doubt.
* Criminal law – murder – elements: death, unlawful act, malice aforethought, participation. * Circumstantial evidence – threats, body positioning, and canine tracking used to infer guilt. * Evidentiary weight of sniffer-dog evidence – admissible with caution and requires corroboration and handler testimony. * Children's testimony – corroboration by physical and circumstantial facts. * Juvenile procedure – death penalty provision not applicable; refer juvenile to Family and Children’s Court for orders.
15 September 2014
Conviction on an uncharged, non-cognate offence violated fair-trial rights; judgment set aside and retrial ordered.
Criminal law – dishonoured/bouncing cheque – conviction on uncharged offence – obtaining goods by false pretence not minor and cognate – accused’s right to be informed and to a fair opportunity to defend – mis-evaluation of evidence – conviction set aside; retrial ordered.
11 September 2014
Accused 1 and 2 convicted of murder and four counts of aggravated robbery; accused 3 and 4 acquitted; consecutive custodial sentences and compensation ordered.
Criminal law – Murder – proof of death and malice aforethought – identification and corroboration. Criminal procedure – use of co-accused’s confession – caution and requirement of independent corroboration. Aggravated robbery – proof of theft and use of deadly weapon. Acquittal where evidence insufficient.
10 September 2014
The accused acquitted of making false documents but convicted for obtaining money by false pretence and being privy to falsification.
Criminal law – Indictment particulars and procedural defects – Reasonable information requirement; Forgery and making false documents – interrelationship of sections 342, 345, 346, 347 and 351 PCA; Accomplice confession – caution and need for corroboration; Evidence – visual identification in daylight and bank transaction records as corroboration; Delegation of prosecution – URA acting under DPP appointment; Offences: obtaining money by false pretence; procuring another to commit an offence; director privy to falsification.
1 September 2014
August 2014
Criminal law
27 August 2014
Criminal law
27 August 2014
Criminal law|Evidence Law|Burden of Proof
27 August 2014
Court convicted both accused of vehicle theft based on direct identification and phone-tracking corroboration; sentenced to five years and compensation.
* Criminal law – Theft of motor vehicle – ingredients of theft (movable property, asportation, intention to permanently deprive) * Identification evidence – close-range hotel transactions, exhibited passports, registration forms and receipts * Circumstantial evidence – phone call data, SIM cards, handset recoveries and travel history corroborating identity * Common intention (s.20 Penal Code Act) inferred from communications and conduct * Sentence – custodial term and compensation ordered under s.265 Penal Code Act and s.126 TIA
27 August 2014
Criminal law|Evidence Law|Burden of Proof
22 August 2014
Criminal law
22 August 2014
Criminal law
22 August 2014
Criminal law
20 August 2014
Criminal law
8 August 2014
Conviction for aggravated defilement: victim’s age and penetration proved; accused identified and sentenced to five years with rehabilitation consideration.
* Criminal law – Aggravated defilement – Elements: proof of victim’s age below 14, proof of sexual penetration, and identification of accused. * Evidence – Proof of age by parents’ testimony and police records; medical evidence corroborating penetration. * Identification – Victim and eyewitness identification, suspect’s conduct and signed police statement corroborative. * Sentencing – Mitigation for youth and first offender status; emphasis on rehabilitation and deterrence.
7 August 2014
July 2014
Criminal law
19 July 2014
Criminal law
18 July 2014
Criminal law
16 July 2014
Criminal law
16 July 2014
Criminal law
16 July 2014
Post‑Kigula resentencing: court substituted death with 38‑year prison terms after weighing aggravators, mitigation, and remand time.
Criminal law – Sentencing – Resentencing after abolition of mandatory death penalty (Kigula/Ambaa) – High Court discretion to impose imprisonment – Consideration of aggravating and mitigating factors – "Rarest of the rare" doctrine – Deduction for time on remand – 38‑year terms imposed.
16 July 2014
Criminal law
16 July 2014
Criminal law
16 July 2014
Following abolition of mandatory death sentences, the convict was resentenced to 37 years imprisonment, with remand time deducted.
Criminal law – Sentencing after invalidation of mandatory death penalty; remission for mitigation; application of Constitutional sentencing guidelines; consideration of aggravating (brutal murder of a child) and mitigating factors (first offender, reports, remand time); deduction of remand time from sentence.
16 July 2014
Criminal law
3 July 2014
Criminal law
3 July 2014
Criminal law
1 July 2014
June 2014
Appellate court upheld convictions for forgery and related offences, confirming accomplice testimony may suffice under Section 132 Evidence Act.
Criminal law – forgery, uttering false documents and obtaining registration by false pretences; accomplice evidence – competency and sufficiency under Section 132 Evidence Act; appellate re-evaluation of trial court’s assessment of documentary and witness evidence; corroboration not always required for accomplice testimony.
25 June 2014
Criminal law
24 June 2014
Constitutional Law|Criminal law|Human Rights
20 June 2014