HC: Civil Division (Uganda)

The Civil Division is a division of the high court. It's functions include: Hearing appeal cases from the Magistrates' courts in connection with torts committed against the person, Defamation, Bankruptcy and company winding up matters, Partnership matters,Companies matters, Real and personal property.

Physical address
Twed towers, along Kafu Road, Nakasero.
34 judgments
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34 judgments
Citation
Judgment date
January 2024
Appellant failed to establish bona fide triable issues; written sale agreement prevails and summary judgment is enforceable.
Civil procedure – summary suit – Order 36 r.4 CPR – unconditional leave to appear and defend; Evidence – parol evidence rule; documentary evidence prevails absent exception; necessity of pleading and adducing evidence to establish forgery or bona fide triable issues.
31 January 2024
Appellate court dismisses bank’s appeal: trial rightly weighed expert evidence, applied fiduciary duty and upheld damages.
* Banking law – bank–customer relationship – fiduciary duty to exercise utmost good faith and due diligence; negligence may ground liability even if not expressly pleaded. * Evidence – expert opinion – expert reports are not binding; courts may adopt or reject expert hypotheses and must test such evidence against other material. * Evidence – verification correspondence and forensic reports – unsigned or untested documents that are not sworn or explained at trial have limited probative value. * Standard of proof – allegations of fraud in civil proceedings require a higher standard than ordinary balance of probabilities. * Civil appeal – appellate court re-evaluates evidence but will not disturb discretionary awards of damages absent misdirection.
29 January 2024
Court allowed out-of-time service due to counsel’s mistake but penalised the applicant with costs for dilatory conduct.
* Civil procedure — Extension of time — Mistake of counsel — Whether negligence of former counsel can constitute sufficient cause to extend time to serve a memorandum of appeal. * Civil procedure — Delay and diligence — Dilatory conduct assessed by presence or absence of follow-up evidence by litigant. * Interest of justice — Preference to decide disputes on merits balanced against counsel’s lapses and party diligence — costs consequences.
29 January 2024
SIEMS procurement was part of the appellant’s Section 4 functions and exempt from PPDA regulation; tribunal and Authority orders set aside.
Public procurement – exemption of central banking functions – whether cybersecurity/ SIEM procurement falls under statutory Section 4 functions – accreditation of alternative procurement manuals – limits of regulator’s jurisdiction and advisory power – procedural fairness where tribunal decides matters not ventilated at hearing.
25 January 2024
Court finds bailiff’s execution unlawful, holds bailiff liable, awards compensation, punitive damages, interest, arrest and costs.
Execution law – wrongful/over-attachment by court bailiff – failure to follow Judicature (Court Bailiffs) Rules (no inventory/return) – bailiff’s qualified immunity lost where action unlawful – decree holder not vicariously liable absent collusion – remedies: compensation, punitive damages, interest, arrest/prosecution, costs.
25 January 2024
Failure to prove generation of contractual "new business" defeats commission, fraud and unjust enrichment claims.
Employment law – commission on "new business" – construction of contract terms and 12‑month recognition period – burden of proof and requirement for contemporaneous documentary evidence; Tort – deceit/fraudulent misrepresentation – requirement of false representation inducing contract; Restitution – unjust enrichment – must show enrichment at claimant’s expense.
25 January 2024
Arbitral award set aside because chair appointment varied a public contract without required Solicitor General approval, vitiating jurisdiction.
* Arbitration – tribunal composition – where parties alter arbitration clause of a public contract without Solicitor General approval, the resultant tribunal may be improperly constituted and its award set aside (s.34(2)(a)(v) Arbitration and Conciliation Act). * Public contracts – requirement for Attorney General/Solicitor General clearance – variation of contract terms affecting appointment procedures requires approval. * Procedure – non-objection during arbitration does not validate an unlawfully constituted tribunal.
25 January 2024
Cancellation of a registered title during a pending ownership suit and interim injunction is illegal and can be quashed.
* Administrative law – Judicial review – Amenability of decisions by land registration officials to judicial review for illegality, irrationality or procedural impropriety; * Land law – Cancellation of certificate of title – Section 91 Land Act – limits on cancellation where ownership dispute and interim court orders are pending; * Remedies – Certiorari to quash unlawful cancellation and mandamus to compel reinstatement; refusal of general damages pending parallel proceedings.
24 January 2024
High Court stayed mandamus proceedings to avoid multiplicity and await resolution of related Supreme Court payment disputes.
Civil Procedure Act s.6 – stay where matter directly and substantially in issue in previously instituted proceeding; inherent jurisdiction s.98 – ends of justice/abuse of process; Judicature Act s.33 – avoid multiplicity of proceedings; mandamus for payment of decretal sums; locus and overlap of representative appeals in different courts.
23 January 2024
Appellate court held that an authorization to sell a vehicle could be used to offset debt and corrected the outstanding balance to UGX 6,800,000/=.
Contract law – sale of motor vehicle – interpretation of ambiguous authorization to sell (DEX4) – custody versus sale; Vehicle ownership evidence – sale permissible despite lack of registration where possession and acquisition proof exist; Calculation of outstanding debt – arithmetic correction from UGX 5,300,000/= to UGX 6,800,000/=; Costs – discretion exercised wrongly, costs follow the event.
23 January 2024
Applicants lacked standing for judicial review; public-interest advocacy alone does not establish direct or sufficient interest.
Judicial review — locus standi — Rule 3A requires direct or sufficient objective interest; public-interest advocacy or mere concern with legality is insufficient to confer standing; public interest litigation permitted only where public right or distinct personal interest is shown.
22 January 2024
Court finds malicious prosecution proved but torture not established; awards general and exemplary damages, interest and costs.
Malicious prosecution – elements: institution by state, favourable termination, lack of reasonable and probable cause, malice; Torture claim – requirement for corroborative medical/expert evidence to prove severe pain or suffering; Quantum – award of general and exemplary damages and high post-judgment interest; Costs awarded to successful plaintiffs.
19 January 2024
Group human-rights claim succeeds: unlawful eviction without court order or compensation violated property, livelihood, housing and cultural rights.
Human rights enforcement — representative/group actions permitted under Article 50(2), Human Rights Enforcement Act and Enforcement Rules; bona fide occupant status — long possession can establish lawful occupation; unlawful eviction — eviction without court order or prompt adequate compensation violates rights to property, fair administrative action, livelihood, housing and culture; remedies — special and general damages awarded, exemplary/aggravated damages refused; interest and costs ordered.
19 January 2024
Using inaccessible court buildings violates persons with disabilities' rights to equality and the applicant's right to practice his profession.
* Constitutional law – accessibility – duty of State and institutions to make public facilities, including courts, accessible to persons with disabilities. * Human rights – equality and non‑discrimination – failure to provide accessibility violates Articles 21 and 35(1) of the Constitution. * Right to profession – inaccessible court premises infringe the right to practice a profession. * Remedies – declarations and orders for progressive realization; public‑interest litigation; no award of damages or costs.
18 January 2024
Court set aside default judgment: counsel’s defective affidavit commissioning can constitute good cause to grant leave to defend.
Order 36 r.11 CPR – setting aside default judgment; mistake of counsel – consequences of advocate’s defective commissioning of affidavit; struck-out application as nullity – not an inter partes merits determination; good cause – existence of bona fide triable issues warranting leave to defend.
18 January 2024
Police negligence in random firing establishes State vicarious liability and plaintiffs’ entitlement to damages.
* Limitation law – disability exemption and substantive-justice discretion to entertain time-barred claims. * Tort – negligence – duty of care, breach, foreseeability and causation in police use of firearms. * Vicarious liability – State liability for torts committed by police officers acting in the course of employment. * Damages – distinction between special, general and exemplary/aggravated damages; assessment and interest.
17 January 2024
Judicial review dismissed: Electoral Commission lawfully refused reservation of proposed party name and symbols; no illegality, irrationality or procedural unfairness shown.
* Administrative law – judicial review – scope limited to legality, rationality and procedural propriety – not a merits appeal; * Political Parties law – sections 7 and 8 of the Political Parties & Other Organisations Act – prohibition on names, symbols, slogans or colours identical or closely resembling those of registered parties or the Republic; * Procedural fairness – requirements of audi alteram partem and absence of bias; * Remedies – certiorari/mandamus not granted where no illegality, irrationality or procedural impropriety established.
16 January 2024
State’s failure to legislate on private hospital pricing violates and threatens patients’ right to health; legislation ordered within two years.
* Constitutional and statutory duty – State obligation to protect right to health – regulation of private health facility levies and pricing. * Public interest standing – organisations may enforce others’ human rights under Article 50 and Human Rights (Enforcement) Act. * Mootness – prior mandamus on COVID‑19 fees limits relief; broader regulatory claims remain live. * Evidence – newspaper hearsay inadmissible for truth; court accepted direct affidavits and took judicial notice of escalating private healthcare costs. * Remedies – declaration of violation, stakeholder consultation, and legislative mandate within two years to regulate pricing, prohibit detention over unpaid bills, and prescribe penalties.
16 January 2024
Court allowed a sole surviving shareholder/director to hold a single‑member company meeting under section 142 to break a quorum deadlock.
Companies Act s.142 – Court‑ordered meetings where articles’ quorum requirements make meetings impracticable; sole surviving shareholder/director seeking single‑member meeting; relief to overcome deadlock of company affairs.
16 January 2024
Failure to exhaust statutory electoral remedies rendered the judicial review application premature and it was struck out.
Administrative law – Judicial review – Requirement to exhaust statutory/internal remedies under Electoral Commission Act s.15 and Article 61(f) – Prematurity and incompetence of judicial review where alternative remedy exists – Costs and slip-rule correction.
15 January 2024
Appellate court upheld trial findings: special damages unproven, damages and half costs affirmed; appeal dismissed.
• Civil procedure – assessment of damages – requirement to prove special damages with admissible evidence (receipts, valuations) and not by unpleaded afterthoughts. • Evidence – appellate re-evaluation of credibility and weight of evidence; limited interference with trial court’s factual findings. • Pleadings – claims not pleaded at trial (including exemplary damages) cannot be raised successfully on appeal. • Costs – discretionary reduction to half where successful party is partly to blame (Civil Procedure Act s.27).
12 January 2024
Applicant's challenge to a private university's interim suspension was premature and failed for not exhausting internal remedies.
Administrative law — Judicial review — applicability to private bodies — interim suspension pending disciplinary inquiry — natural justice and procedural fairness at pre‑decisional stage — exhaustion of internal remedies — prematurity of judicial review application.
12 January 2024
Slip-rule correction granted to amend a clerical misidentification of the withdrawn suit number; each party to bear own costs.
* Civil Procedure — Slip rule (Section 99 CPA) — correction of clerical or accidental slips in judgments and rulings; requirements and limits. * Distinction between clerical/expressional errors and substantive errors — slip rule not available to re-open merits. * Application of Uganda Development Bank Ltd v Oil Seeds authority — court may correct to reflect manifest intention. * Relief granted: correction of misnumbered withdrawn suit (HCCS No. 330/2013) and costs: each party bears own costs.
12 January 2024
A regulator's failure to investigate turned a lawful seizure into wrongful detention, attracting detinue liability and damages.
Detinue – wrongful detention of chattels – initial lawful seizure on complaint versus wrongful continued detention due to complainant’s failure to investigate; Vicarious liability of regulatory agency for acts of its regional officer; burden of proof on quality/source of agricultural planting materials; damages and interest awarded for conversion/detinue.
12 January 2024
Applicant's claims of torture and unlawful detention dismissed for lack of credible, persuasive evidence.
* Constitutional law – freedom from torture and cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment – Article 44(a) Constitution; Prevention and Prohibition of Torture Act, 2012 – strict test and burden of proof. * Constitutional law – right to personal liberty – Article 23 – requirement to be informed of reasons for arrest/detention and right to consult counsel; claimant must assert those rights. * Evidence – delays, inconsistencies and credibility considerations defeat civil standard proof of torture or unlawful detention. * Vicarious liability – no sufficient basis to hold the Attorney General vicariously liable where primary allegations are unproved.
12 January 2024
Res judicata did not bar the suit because the earlier judgment concerned different issues and did not decide the present claims.
Civil procedure – res judicata – applicability where prior suit concerned land title and different parties; res judicata requires same parties, same subject matter and a final decision on the matter; abandoned or unproven claims in earlier suit do not constitute res judicata; joinder of necessary parties – Order 1 r.10 CPR.
11 January 2024
Judicial review dismissed because applicants failed to exhaust internal constitutional remedies before approaching the court.
* Administrative law – Judicial review – Requirement to exhaust internal or alternative remedies before approaching court (Rule 7A). * Internal governance – Association constitutions – Dispute Resolution, Disciplinary and Arbitration Committee and Board of Trustees as internal remedies. * Procedural competence – refusal to attend disciplinary hearing defeats claim of irregularity and renders judicial review incompetent.
11 January 2024
Summary dismissal without fair hearing and improper appellate procedure rendered dismissal unlawful; UGX 80,000,000 damages awarded.
Administrative law – Judicial review – Procedural impropriety and fair hearing; Employment law – probation clauses and right to notice; Internal disciplinary procedure – limits of Staff Appeals Committee jurisdiction; Irrationality – decision outside range of reasonable outcomes; Remedies – certiorari, damages and costs.
9 January 2024
Summary dismissal without fair hearing and an appeals committee acting beyond jurisdiction rendered the dismissal procedurally improper and irrational.
Judicial review – procedural impropriety and natural justice; summary dismissal and probationary ambiguity; appellate committee jurisdiction; substitution of charges on review; irrationality of administrative decision; damages for unfair termination.
9 January 2024
A certificate of order that wrongly names a non‑party government is reviewable and is set aside.
Civil procedure – Review under Order 46 and s.82 CPA – error apparent on the face of the record; Consent orders – validity as against non-parties; Advocates’ bill of costs – certificate of order; Mandamus arising from erroneously issued certificate; Non-party liability; Pensions/assignability arguments raised but decision founded on error apparent.
8 January 2024
Employer unlawfully terminated contract employees contrary to HR Manual and Employment Act; terminal benefits, damages and interest awarded.
* Employment law – wrongful/unlawful termination – requirement to follow HR Manual and Employment Act when renewing contracts and dismissing staff; * Contract renewal – fixed-term renewal period prescribed by HR Manual; * Disciplinary procedure – reliance on audit/forensic report versus requirement for prosecution/conviction; * Remedies – terminal benefits (one month notice or pay, accrued salary, outstanding entitlements, gratuity), general and aggravated damages; * Interest – 20% p.a. on special damages from suit, 8% p.a. on general/aggravated from judgment; * Severance pay not payable for unlawful termination under cited authority.
5 January 2024
Unlawful prolonged detention and post-conviction retention of phone breached rights to personal liberty and property.
Constitutional rights — personal liberty — detention beyond 48 hours without production to court or release on bond; access to counsel and next of kin; property rights — seizure versus continued retention of mobile phone; Police Act vs Computer Misuse Act; disciplinary proceedings — procedural impropriety vs constitutional right to fair hearing; remedies — declaration, return of property, general damages, costs.
3 January 2024
Unlawful 32‑day detention and post‑conviction retention of a seized mobile phone violated rights to liberty and property.
Constitutional law — Personal liberty — Arrest and detention exceeding 48 hours without production in court or bond — Denial of access to next of kin and lawyers — Violation of Article 23. Property — Seizure of mobile phone under Police Act lawful during investigation; continued retention after conviction unlawful — Article 26. Fair hearing — Disciplinary proceedings not equivalent to criminal trial; failure to provide record/schedule appeal amounts to procedural impropriety, not constitutional breach. Police Act vs Computer Misuse Act — Specific Computer Misuse provisions apply only when investigating offences under that Act. Remedies — Declarations, return of property, general damages and costs; exemplary damages declined.
3 January 2024

 

2 January 2024