HC: Civil Division (Uganda)

The Civil Division is a division of the high court. It's functions include: Hearing appeal cases from the Magistrates' courts in connection with torts committed against the person, Defamation, Bankruptcy and company winding up matters, Partnership matters,Companies matters, Real and personal property.

Physical address
Twed towers, along Kafu Road, Nakasero.
422 judgments
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422 judgments
Citation
Judgment date
December 2023
Interim injunction to halt student association elections denied: no triable issue linked to stopping elections, balance of convenience favors holding polls.
Public law — Judicial review and interlocutory relief; temporary injunction — requirements: prima facie case, irreparable harm, balance of convenience; elections — public interest and third‑party prejudice; locus and exhaustion of internal remedies.
23 December 2023
A review must ordinarily be heard by the judge who made the order, but the court may grant interlocutory stays pending that review.
Civil Procedure — Review — Order 46 rules 2 and 4 CPR require review to be heard by the judge who made the order; inherent jurisdiction cannot override express procedural rules — Interlocutory relief — Court may suspend execution under Civil Procedure Act pending proper review — Evidence — Social media reports insufficient to establish participation of non-parties in General Assembly resolutions.
22 December 2023
High Court used inherent powers to stay execution of review orders pending resolution by the Court of Appeal.
Civil procedure – Stay of execution pending appeal – Inherent jurisdiction under section 98 to make interim orders – Prevention of abuse of process – Effect of partial execution and concurrent review proceedings – Competence of Court of Appeal to resolve competing appeals.
19 December 2023
Bank unlawfully froze and reversed customer funds without timely reporting, breaching the banker-customer contract.
* Banking law – banker-customer relationship – duty to exercise reasonable care and skill when handling customer funds; freezing and reversal of funds. * Anti‑Money Laundering – reporting obligations – accountable persons must report suspicious transactions to Financial Intelligence Authority within 48 hours. * Remedies – declaratory relief and costs available where bank acts in bad faith; damages to be pursued in substantive claim.
19 December 2023

 

15 December 2023
Applicant’s dismissal quashed for procedural impropriety and bias; awarded UGX 20,000,000 and costs.
Administrative law – judicial review – amenability where public body’s disciplinary process breaches natural justice; Procedural impropriety – improper constitution of disciplinary committee and bias (complainant/prosecutor/judge) – certiorari quashing wrongful termination; damages for wrongful deprivation of employment.
14 December 2023
Judicial review succeeds: termination quashed for procedural impropriety and bias; damages and costs awarded.
Judicial review — amenability — public body and public law issue; Procedural impropriety — improper constitution of disciplinary committee; Bias — executive acted as complainant, prosecutor and chair, producing apprehended/actual bias; Remedy — certiorari to quash termination; damages for wrongful termination; prohibition unavailable once decision implemented.
14 December 2023
An invalid chattel mortgage and unlawful foreclosure defeated the bank’s sale; purchaser gained no title, but plaintiff must account for outstanding loan.
* Chattels security – validity of chattel mortgage over company property – debenture registration requirement and effect of non-registration. * Contract and remedies – recall of facility, default, and lawfulness of lender’s remedies. * Equitable and possessory liens – scope and limits where company infighting and defective security exist. * Bona fide purchaser – duty to conduct due diligence; mala fides defeats transfer of title. * Unjust enrichment/money had and received – bank’s right to recover outstanding loan despite invalid security; restitutionary remedies. * Remedies – special and general damages, return of property, interest and costs apportionment.
14 December 2023
Court quashed unlawful stoppage of UPDF pension, ordered reinstatement and arrears, citing illegality and denial of fair hearing.
* Judicial review – validation of late affidavit – discretion to admit late evidence where no substantial prejudice. * Administrative law – exhaustion of remedies – applicant's reasonable attempts to pursue internal remedies suffice where no effective administrative remedy exists. * Public law – illegality, procedural impropriety (audi alteram partem), and irrationality – stopping pension without notice or lawful process unlawful. * Remedies – certiorari quashing unlawful decision; mandamus to reinstate pension and pay arrears; refusal of damages where applicant benefited from unjust enrichment; costs follow the event.
12 December 2023
Applicant lacked locus standi to challenge suspension of pre-entry exams; application dismissed with costs.
Judicial review — locus standi — requirement of direct or sufficient interest; Joinder of necessary parties — necessity for effective adjudication; Exhaustion of remedies; Competence where orders affect unjoined third parties; Challenge to administrative suspension of pre-entry examinations.
8 December 2023
Newly discovered official evidence justified review, set-aside of a consent variation order, and correction of erroneous compensation orders.
Order 46 Rule 1(b) — review of court’s own decision on discovery of new material; Consent Variation Order — setting aside CVO executed in ignorance of material facts or against public policy; Administrative/transitional law — correct effective date of abolition/termination and entitlement computation; Public law/public policy — prohibition on compensating employees already paid or remaining on payroll.
4 December 2023
November 2023
30 November 2023
30 November 2023
Plaintiffs’ applications to strike the defence and obtain judgment on admission were dismissed; trial to proceed on contested damages.
Civil procedure — Pleadings — Order 6 rr.8 & 10 CPR (specific and non‑evasive denials) — Order 30 (striking out) — Order 13 r.6 (judgment on admission) — Prior judgment/admissions in earlier proceedings — Defendant estopped from reopening abandoned preliminary issues — Suit to proceed on disputed damages.
27 November 2023
21 November 2023
High Court lacks original jurisdiction over customs/tax disputes; statutory review and Tax Appeals Tribunal remedies must be exhausted first.
* Constitutional and statutory limits on High Court jurisdiction – Article 139(1) and Judicature Act s.14 * Customs law – EACMA ss.229–230: review to Commissioner and appeal to Tax Appeals Tribunal * Tax Appeals Tribunal Act s.14 and s.27 – Tribunal review and route of appeal to High Court * Requirement to exhaust administrative remedies in tax/customs disputes * Precedent: tax disputes must first be lodged with Tax Appeals Tribunal (Rabbo Enterprises)
21 November 2023
Court held academic negligence claim competent; affidavit objections overruled; strike-out application dismissed with costs.
Civil procedure – competence of suit vs. judicial review – plaintiff’s choice of remedy; Affidavits – competence to depose without written authority or formal agency; Tort – supervisory duty of care in academic supervision; Cause of action – requirements for negligence stated in the plaint; Order 1 r.12 and Order 3 CPR – scope and application.
21 November 2023
Applicant failed to show a cause of action where code was already used and activation/implementation conditions were unmet.
Telecommunications — Allocation of short codes — Licence/authorisation conditions — Requirement to secure service provider implementation and timely activation — Failure to perform due diligence — No contract with network operator — Dismissal for lack of cause of action.
20 November 2023
Applicant failed to show a cause of action; short code already in use and assignment conditions unmet.
* Administrative law – allocation of short codes – requirement to obtain prior clearance from service providers and activate within prescribed period; failure to do so negates an actionable right. * Contract law – absence of hosting agreement/acceptance defeats claim against network operator. * Civil procedure – plaint must disclose a cause of action; failure leads to dismissal under Order 7 rule 11(a).
20 November 2023
Habeas corpus dismissed where respondents’ uncontested evidence showed the applicant had been released from custody.
Habeas corpus – personal liberty – requirement to show ongoing unlawful detention – effect of uncontroverted affidavits; Police Professional Standards Unit inspections; burden of proof in habeas corpus applications.
15 November 2023
Plaintiff proved conversion; defendant ordered to pay UGX 83,000,000, UGX 50,000,000 damages, interest and costs.
* Tort — Conversion — wrongful dealing or detention of goods inconsistent with owner’s rights — liability established on proof of receipt and refusal to return or account. * Evidence — burden and standard — plaintiff bears legal burden; evidential burden shifts once plaintiff leads prima facie case. * Remedies — assessment of value of converted goods, general damages for consequential loss, interest and costs; ex parte judgment where defendant absent.
15 November 2023
High Court found PPDA stay provision inapplicable here, declared filings incompetent, refused stay and left Tribunal orders operative.
* Public Procurement – PPDA Act s.91M(4) – limits on stays of execution where procurement suspension under s.91L(2) exists; does not oust High Court jurisdiction where statutory matrix absent. * Civil procedure – competence of applications – affidavits must be commissioned; ECCMIS filings cannot cure fundamental defects. * Stay pending appeal – Order 43 r.4 CPR factors (substantial loss, delay, security); availability of emergency procurement avoids vacuum. * Relief – Registrar’s orders set aside; Tribunal orders to remain operative pending appeal.
14 November 2023
Extension of time granted where cancellation of title was not communicated to the applicant.
Judicial review — time limit under Rule 5(1) — extension of time for good cause; time runs from communication of decision; lack of notice of hearing/decision; cancellation of certificate of title; burden on public authority to prove service/communication.
13 November 2023
13 November 2023
Taxing officer may proceed ex parte where pre-taxation is frustrated; awarded costs were reasonable and appeal dismissed.
* Civil procedure – Taxation of costs – Service of bill of costs; * Advocates (Remuneration & Taxation of Costs) Regulations – Regulation 13A – pre-taxation meeting and taxation ex parte where one party refuses to participate; * Right to a fair hearing – attendance and participation at taxation; * Exercise of discretionary taxing power – reasonableness of increased instruction fees.
13 November 2023
State liable for unlawful arrest, illegal detention, battery and torture; damages and costs awarded.
Constitutional and statutory protection of personal liberty and freedom from torture; unlawful arrest and detention; torture and battery (Prevention and Prohibition of Torture Act 2012); vicarious liability of the State for actions of public officers; assessment and proof of special and general damages.
10 November 2023
Applicant’s challenge partly time-barred; Board’s discretionary non-renewal lawful and procedurally proper.
Judicial review – time limits for applications – employment contract renewal – Board discretion over renewal of senior management contracts – natural justice and hearing requirements – legitimate expectation – procedural impropriety and illegality.
10 November 2023
9 November 2023
Torture allegations unproven, but unlawful incommunicado detention breached rights to personal liberty and movement; damages awarded.
Human rights – alleged torture – high burden of cogent, corroborative evidence; incommunicado detention – violation of right to personal liberty and freedom of movement; remedies – damages, interest and costs awarded.
9 November 2023
Court allowed joinder of purchasers and amendment of plaint to cure misnomer and particularize fraud; late affidavits admitted.
* Civil procedure – Joinder of parties – Persons who purchase mortgaged property may be added where orders would directly affect their interests. * Civil procedure – Amendment of pleadings – Order 6 r.19 CPR allows rectification of misnomer, particularisation of fraud and addition of alternative relief where no new cause of action introduced. * Civil procedure – Affidavits in interlocutory applications – Court may admit late affidavits filed before hearing if no substantial prejudice results.
7 November 2023
Applicant allowed to amend plaint and join purchasers as defendants; late affidavits admitted where no prejudice occurred.
Civil procedure – Joinder of parties – Addition of purchasers of mortgaged property where their interests will be directly affected; Amendment of pleadings – Order 6 r19 CPR permits curing misnomer and particularizing fraud where no new cause of action is introduced; Affidavits in interlocutory applications – courts may admit late affidavits filed before hearing if no substantial prejudice arises.
7 November 2023
Quarry blasting constituted private nuisance; operator liable for damages and restrained, regulator not held culpable.
Private nuisance – quarry blasting causing physical damage and interference with enjoyment of land; contributory negligence – foreseeability and reasonable precautions; environmental regulatory duty – issuance of EIA approval, monitoring and improvement notice; remedies – special and general damages, permanent injunction; punitive damages not awarded.
2 November 2023
Court found election challenge moot but awarded damages for the party commission’s omission of the plaintiff’s name.
* Party/internal elections – applicability of primary election regulations to party organs; * Justiciability and mootness – delay and absence of successful candidate as a party; * Remedies – election not vitiated in these proceedings but damages available for administrative error; * Pleading – failure to plead special damages bars recovery as special damages; * Interest and costs – award of 12% interest and half costs.
1 November 2023
October 2023
31 October 2023
A Grade I magistrate lacking pecuniary jurisdiction should return the file, not dismiss the suit, when misallocated administratively.
Civil procedure – revision – High Court’s power to revise magistrates’ decisions; jurisdiction – pecuniary jurisdiction of Magistrate Grade I; administrative allocation of files by registry; territorial jurisdiction of magistrates’ court; nullity of judgments rendered without jurisdiction.
31 October 2023
30 October 2023
30 October 2023
Judicial review unavailable where State House report comprised recommendations, not a reviewable decision; application dismissed.
Judicial review – amenability – recommendations and observations are not reviewable decisions; certiorari issues only against reviewable decisions; sub judice concerns should be raised in the trial court; natural justice and procedural impropriety require a reviewable decision.
27 October 2023
Applicants' claim of torture during a vendor-enforcement patrol dismissed for insufficient evidence linking injuries to respondents.
Constitutional law – freedom from torture, cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment; Prevention and Prohibition of Torture Act definition; vicarious liability and agency; proof on a balance of probabilities; role of police and UPDF during KCCA enforcement operations.
27 October 2023
Applicant’s dismissal was procedurally unfair and disproportionate; JSC’s decision quashed and reinstatement ordered.
Judicial review – Grounds: illegality, procedural impropriety, irrationality; Judicial Service Commission powers under Regulations 29, 30 and 35; fair hearing and plea-taking requirements; legitimate expectation arising from encouragement to mediate; proportionality of disciplinary sanctions; remedies: certiorari, prohibition, mandamus, reinstatement, arrears and costs.
27 October 2023
Dismissal by the Judicial Service Commission quashed for procedural unfairness and disproportionate sanction; reinstatement ordered.
Judicial review – disciplinary proceedings against judicial officers – jurisdiction under Regulation 35 for public complaints – breach of natural justice where charge/plea unclear and plea not recorded – legitimate expectation from ADR/settlement – disproportionate sanction where Commission departs from Disciplinary Committee without reasons – remedies: certiorari, prohibition, mandamus, reinstatement, arrears, costs.
27 October 2023
A judicial dismissal was quashed for procedural unfairness and disproportionate, unexplained punishment.
* Judicial review – scope: review of decision-making process, not merits * Judicial Service Commission – jurisdiction under Regulation 35 to initiate proceedings * Natural justice – requirement for clear charges, lawful plea-taking, reasons and opportunity to be heard * Legitimate expectation – reliance on Commission-facilitated settlement cannot be ignored * Proportionality – departure from disciplinary recommendation to impose dismissal unreasonable
27 October 2023
25 October 2023
25 October 2023
24 October 2023
Consent judgments form a new binding contract and cannot be set aside without provable fraud, duress or misapprehension related to execution.
Civil procedure – Consent judgments and orders – Binding nature – can be set aside only for fraud, collusion, illegality, misapprehension or facts affecting execution of the consent; Duress – requires unlawful/wrongful pressure and prompt protest; Delay and estoppel – failure to challenge earlier bars later relief; Guarantees – guarantor secondary liability; Underlying agreement defects do not automatically vitiate subsequent consent judgment.
24 October 2023
Applicant failed to prove duress, fraud or illegality to set aside duly executed consent judgment and order.
* Civil procedure – consent judgments and orders – binding if entered with parties' consent – can be set aside only for fraud, collusion, illegality, misapprehension or reasons affecting execution of the consent. * Duress – elements and requirement of unlawful/wrongful pressure and prompt protest. * Estoppel and delay – failure to challenge consent promptly bars reopening. * Underlying agreement defects do not automatically vitiate properly executed consent judgments.
24 October 2023
Judicial review dismissed as premature for failure to exhaust university disciplinary remedies; suspension deemed investigatory.
Administrative law – Judicial review – exhaustion of internal remedies; University disciplinary procedure – suspension pending investigation is interim not final; Right to fair hearing – triggered at disciplinary hearing stage (USDC), not during ad hoc investigation; Exceptions to exhaustion (no remedies, undue delay, unfairness, inability to provide relief) not made out.
24 October 2023
Applicant's judicial review dismissed for failure to exhaust available internal university disciplinary remedies.
* Judicial review – exhaustion of local remedies – premature application where internal university disciplinary procedures remain available. * Administrative law – suspension pending investigation – temporary investigatory measure versus final disciplinary sanction. * Natural justice – right to fair hearing triggered at disciplinary hearing (USDC), not during ad hoc investigative stage. * University law – role of ad hoc committee: investigatory and report-making to Vice Chancellor and USDC.
24 October 2023
Application for contempt dismissed: court found URA did not intentionally disobey interim stay on export levy.
Contempt of court – elements: lawful order, knowledge, intentional non-compliance – scope of interim injunction; regulatory duties of revenue authority; administrative measures (indemnities, declarations) as compliance; system-generated self-assessments vs enforcement.
20 October 2023