HC: Civil Division (Uganda)

The Civil Division is a division of the high court. It's functions include: Hearing appeal cases from the Magistrates' courts in connection with torts committed against the person, Defamation, Bankruptcy and company winding up matters, Partnership matters,Companies matters, Real and personal property.

Physical address
Twed towers, along Kafu Road, Nakasero.
298 judgments
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298 judgments
Citation
Judgment date
December 2022
Court ordered arbitrator appointment and temporary hold of disputed cooperative compensation pending arbitration.
Cooperative Societies Act s73 – disputes between members/personal representatives and society; arbitration mandatory; Regulation 48 – lodging arbitral disputes; Arbitration and Conciliation Act s6 – court interim measures pending arbitration; appointing authority duty to appoint arbitrator; interim hold of decretal funds by advocates pending arbitration.
16 December 2022
16 December 2022
A magistrate cannot use s.99 to reverse a pronounced ruling; the original ruling releasing attached property is confirmed.
Civil Procedure Act s.83 revision; s.99 correction limited to clerical/accidental errors; functus officio doctrine; Order 21 r.3(1) — pronouncement and signing of judgments; unlawful reversal of pronounced rulings; attachment and release of property.
14 December 2022
The applicant’s brokerage agreement for recovery of government award was contrary to public policy and void; claim dismissed with costs.
Contract law – Champerty/maintenance – brokerage agreements to recover government awards – public policy and unenforceability; Contract law – time of the essence – failure to perform by agreed date renders contract void; Misrepresentation – vitiation and rescission under Contracts Act 2010; Remedies – dismissal of claim and costs.
14 December 2022
Public interest challenges to executive decisions must be brought in the Constitutional Court, not as individual rights enforcement in the High Court.
* Human rights enforcement – distinction between individual enforcement and public interest litigation; * Jurisdiction – Rule 7(2) requires public interest actions under Rule 5(1)(d) to be filed in the Constitutional Court; * Abuse of process – cannot reframe administrative/judicial review matters as individual rights enforcement to circumvent procedure; * Judicial review vs constitutional enforcement – proper forum and procedure.
14 December 2022
Application dismissed as moot after Court of Appeal nullified the prosecution for rights violations.
* Judicial review – challenge to decision to charge for money laundering – allegations of irrationality, ultra vires conduct and procedural unfairness * Human rights – allegations of torture and violation of non-derogable rights affecting validity of prosecution * Criminal procedure – nullification and stay of prosecution by Court of Appeal * Doctrine of precedent – stare decisis and mootness/overtaken-by-events
14 December 2022
Renovation agreement voidable for fraud; plaintiff awarded UGX 671,187,680 special and UGX 30,000,000 general damages, directors personally liable.
Contracts — Fraud and misrepresentation — Concealment of insurance — Voidable renovation agreement; Unjust enrichment; Breach of contract; Remedies — special and general damages; Interest; Lifting corporate veil — directors held personally liable for fraud.
14 December 2022
Administrator may verify and reject suspicious competing claims; principal creditors’ recourse was directed to the shareholder, not the company.
Insolvency law – Administrator’s powers – Court directions under s.173(1); Verification/adjudication of claims in administration; Insolvency Regulations r.175–178; Rule against double proof/double recovery where principal creditor and guarantor/parent conflict; Effect of settlement clauses and consent orders extinguishing company recourse; Office-holder engagement of external counsel.
14 December 2022
13 December 2022
Leave to appeal granted where applicant showed arguable grounds and reasonable prospects; stay of execution refused.
* Civil procedure – Order 44 Rules 2 and 3 – Leave to appeal required for interlocutory orders – application for leave must be made first to the court that made the order. * Leave to appeal – test – substantial question of law of general principle or an arguable appeal with reasonable prospects of success. * Stay of execution – requires fresh grounds; absent new grounds, prior decision on stay stands.
12 December 2022
State agents’ arbitrary arrest, incommunicado detention and unlawful killing breached victims’ constitutional rights; State held vicariously liable.
Constitutional rights — unlawful arrest and detention — failure to inform reasons for arrest; denial of access to counsel and next of kin; detention beyond 48 hours; incommunicado detention as psychological torture; right to life and failure to release body — cultural burial rights; State vicarious liability for UPDF and police officers; remedies — declarations, exhumation and handover, general and exemplary damages, interest and costs.
12 December 2022
7 December 2022
7 December 2022
7 December 2022
Civil dispute cannot justify arrest; unlawful detention breached Article 23 and both employer and Government held vicariously liable.
Constitutional and criminal procedure law – unlawful arrest and detention – Article 23(1)(c) Constitution and Police Act – reasonable suspicion requirement – 48‑hour rule for production to court – tort of false imprisonment – vicarious liability of employer and Government for agents’ acts – assessment of general and exemplary damages.
5 December 2022
Court granted leave to defer the company’s AGM due to financial constraints, absent audited accounts, and impracticability of virtual attendance.
Companies Act – Section 138 compliance and quorum requirements; Section 142(1) court power to order or defer AGMs where convening as prescribed is impracticable; virtual AGM impracticability due to rural membership; discretionary relief to prevent member disenfranchisement.
5 December 2022
New material justified review and set-aside of a consent variation because compensation would have been wrongly paid to already‑paid or still‑employed persons.
Civil procedure — Review of court’s own decision under Order 46 r.1(b) CPR — discovery of new and important material — Consent Variation Order — validity where consent executed without adequate information or contrary to public policy — entitlement to terminal benefits where claimant remained on public payroll.
4 December 2022

Enforcement of property rights—constitutional guarantee—wrongful seizure—detinue vs. public Law—human rights enforcement—cause of action—preliminary objection overruled—right to redress under Article 50

2 December 2022
November 2022
Court set aside Registrar’s orders and ordered rehearing inter partes due to procedural irregularity and potential injustice.
Civil procedure – Appeal from Registrar – Order 50 Rule 8 – Distinction from Order 9 set-aside remedies; ex-parte proceedings – existence of affidavit in reply; inherent powers – Section 98 Civil Procedure Act – setting aside Registrar’s orders and ordering rehearing inter partes where strict procedure would cause injustice; taxation of costs and joinder applications.
30 November 2022
Applicant’s joinder denied where judicial review addresses public-law issues and not private proprietary claims.
Civil procedure – Joinder of parties (Order 1 r10(2), r13) – Discretion to add parties; Judicial review – supervisory public-law jurisdiction not for resolving private proprietary rights; Necessity to show orders would legally affect proposed party; Fraud allegations require particular pleading and are not resolved by affidavit in judicial review proceedings.
30 November 2022
An alleged transferee of shares subject to attachment is not a necessary party to a company cause and joinder is denied.
Civil procedure – Joinder of parties (Order 1 r.10) – necessary vs desirable parties – locus to be joined; Company law – member status and one-member meeting – effect of attachment-before-judgment on purported share transfers; Relief must be sought against party or effective orders cannot be made in their absence.
30 November 2022
A party’s constitutional petition does not automatically stay ongoing High Court proceedings; stay is discretionary.
Constitutional procedure – stay of proceedings – filing of constitutional petition by a party does not automatically stay lower court proceedings; distinguishing referrals to the Constitutional Court; stay is discretionary and must avoid abuse and delay.
30 November 2022
Court granted majority shareholder leave under s.142 to call and conduct a meeting without quorum to appoint directors and secretary.
Companies Act s.142 — court power to order meetings where impracticable; Judicature Act s.33 — remedial jurisdiction; shareholder standing after court-ordered share transfer; relief to call and conduct meetings without requisite quorum; appointment of directors and company secretary; costs against company.
30 November 2022
Unsigned pre‑taxation agreement is not binding; taxing master may tax ex parte and award of costs will stand absent arbitrary or illegal exercise of discretion.
* Advocates' costs and taxation – Power to tax ex parte – Regulation 54; * Consent on taxation – requirement of proper execution to bind court; * Review of taxing master's discretion – interference only for arbitrariness, illegality, wrong principle or injustice; * Consideration of subject‑matter value, complexity, skill, time and documents in taxation.
30 November 2022
Leave to amend a defence to plead contributory negligence was granted; any prejudice was compensable by costs.
Civil procedure – Amendment of pleadings – Order 6 Rule 19 – Leave to amend to plead contributory negligence – Whether amendment is mala fide or prejudicial – Prejudice compensable by costs – Principles from Gaso Transport governing discretion.
30 November 2022
Applicants showed bona fide triable issues; court granted unconditional leave to defend a summary suit for taxed costs.
Civil procedure – Order 36 summary suit – leave to appear and defend – requirement to disclose bona fide triable issues; res judicata; recovery of taxed advocate-client costs; parties and enforceability of orders; reliance on Makula principle for threshold test.
30 November 2022
Unauthorised depositing of excavated material on the applicant’s land constituted actionable trespass warranting removal, damages and injunction.
Trespass to land – unauthorised deposit of excavated material – actionable per se; burden and standard of proof on balance of probabilities; remedies: removal of material, permanent injunction, general and exemplary damages, interest and costs.
25 November 2022
Default judgment set aside where applicants showed sufficient cause due to counsel’s omission and acted without dilatory conduct.
* Civil procedure – setting aside default judgment – sufficient cause – mistake or omission by counsel may amount to sufficient cause if no dilatory conduct by litigant; * Affidavit practice – authority to swear on behalf of another – technical defects may be excused where authority is later confirmed and parties were jointly sued; * Delay – reasonable promptness required when relying on counsel’s mistake; * Relief – leave to file written statement of defence out of time; * Costs – court declined to make orders for costs.
17 November 2022
Misnomer not fatal; trespass claim failed for lack of exclusive possession; market creation irregular and must be regularised.
Local Government Act – corporate personality and misnomer; Trespass – possessory action requires exclusive physical possession; Public Procurement – legal services are subject to PPDA and must be properly procured; Irregular establishment of local market must be regularised; Disqualification of counsel for procurement irregularity does not necessarily invalidate pleadings.
16 November 2022
Reinstatement of a suit that abated under Order 17 r.5 is illegal; plaintiff must bring a fresh suit.
Civil procedure – Dismissal for want of prosecution – Order 17 r.5 (2019) – Automatic abatement – Reinstatement impermissible where statute provides for fresh suit – Deputy Registrar functus officio – Procedural form of applications (motion vs letter).
16 November 2022
16 November 2022
Suit struck out because the plaint named a non-existent defendant; misnomer provisions inapplicable.
Civil procedure – plaint struck out for naming non-existent defendant – misnomer provisions (Order 30 R10; Order 1 R10) inapplicable – burden to prove identity of defendant – substitution not permissible where defendant does not exist.
14 November 2022
Applicant granted unconditional leave to defend summary suit after court found triable issues and overruled procedural objections.
Civil procedure — Order 36 leave to appear and defend — bona fide triable issue required; Affidavits — competency and appearance before Commissioner for Oaths; Corporate litigation — authority of deponent and advocate to represent a company; Summary suit — necessity of annexing contract and proof of delivery/invoice.
14 November 2022
11 November 2022
11 November 2022
11 November 2022
7 November 2022
2 November 2022
2 November 2022
1 November 2022
Court reinstated dismissed suit despite applicant’s counsel’s dishonesty, finding sufficient cause but ordering costs against applicant.
* Civil procedure – Order 9 rule 22 & 23 CPR – setting aside dismissal for non-appearance – sufficient cause test (honest intention, diligence, prima facie merit). * Evidence and credibility – effect of omissions and falsehoods in affidavits; counsel’s duty of candour. * Advocates’ professional conduct – Regulation against acting as both advocate and witness; consequences for dishonest conduct. * Costs – misconduct may attract adverse costs orders even where reinstatement is granted.
1 November 2022
1 November 2022
October 2022
A university may lawfully cancel provisional admission if verification shows the applicant lacks the required chartered-university qualification.
Universities — provisional admissions subject to verification; requirement of degree from chartered university for postgraduate entry; university senate’s authority over academic matters; conditional admission and promissory estoppel; limits of affiliated institutions’ authority.
31 October 2022
31 October 2022
Appeal struck out where commenced by notice rather than required memorandum and filed two years late without leave or good cause.
Civil procedure — Appeal to High Court — Order 43(1) memorandum of appeal required; notice of appeal insufficient — Limitation: section 79(1)(a) 30-day rule and discretion to admit out-of-time appeals — Mistake of counsel not automatically excusing procedural non-compliance — Incompetent appeal struck out with costs.
31 October 2022
Court struck out consolidated suits: earlier judgment barred lease challenge (res judicata) and eviction claims lacked legal basis.
* Civil procedure – preliminary objection – admissibility of affidavit sworn by advocate employed by retained firm – advocate may depose to facts within his knowledge without separate authorization attachment. * Res judicata – final determination of legality of leases over registered land bars subsequent suits raising same issue; supremacy of Registration of Titles Act over inconsistent local enactments. * Pleadings – failure to disclose reasonable cause of action – unlawful occupation/unlicensed market cannot found claim for unlawful eviction or confer locus standi. * Relief – striking out/dismissal of consolidated suits and award of costs to applicants.
31 October 2022
Leave to appeal granted where applicant not party to original suit presented prima facie arguable ownership claim.
Civil procedure – Leave to appeal (Order 44 r.2) – Discretionary grant where prima facie grounds or real prospects of success exist – Review at execution stage – New evidence and ownership claims – Respondent default (no reply) – Leave granted.
31 October 2022
Leave to appeal and stay refused where dispute concerns internal company management and no substantial question of law shown.
Civil procedure – leave to appeal (Order 44 r.2 CPR) – Sango Bay test for grant of leave; Company law – internal management disputes – judicial non-interference in disciplinary processes under Articles; Interim relief – overtaken by events; Employment remedies – alternative avenues and abuse of court.
31 October 2022
Whether non-party directors are bound by an injunction directed at specific individuals and their agents.
Contempt of court — requirement of a clear and unambiguous order; Personam injunctions — bind only named persons and their agents/representatives; Corporate law — directors as the directing mind and will of the company; Non-parties — limitation on extending injunctions to unmentioned directors.
31 October 2022
Judicial review unavailable for a private employment dispute; claimant must exhaust Employment Act remedies.
* Administrative law – Judicial review – Amenability – Employment disputes by public bodies do not automatically engage public law. * Labour law – Employment contract – Remedy under Employment Act – Exhaustion of statutory remedies required before judicial review. * Civil procedure – Affidavit practice – Supplementary affidavit filed without leave struck out.
31 October 2022