HC: Civil Division (Uganda)

The Civil Division is a division of the high court. It's functions include: Hearing appeal cases from the Magistrates' courts in connection with torts committed against the person, Defamation, Bankruptcy and company winding up matters, Partnership matters,Companies matters, Real and personal property.

Physical address
Twed towers, along Kafu Road, Nakasero.
21 judgments
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21 judgments
Citation
Judgment date
October 2021
Appeal dismissed for late filing and defective grounds; procedural non-compliance barred challenge to estate administration.
Civil procedure – Appeals from magistrates’ courts – Time for lodging appeals under section 79(1) Civil Procedure Act; exclusion of registrar’s time under section 79(2) – Notice of appeal not a substitute for filing appeal or requesting certified proceedings. Civil procedure – Grounds of appeal – Order 43 r.1(2) CPR requires concise, non-argumentative grounds; narrative/argumentative grounds are incurably defective. Estate administration – dispute over letters of administration; substantive issues not reached due to procedural dismissal.
27 October 2021
Undistributed family estate cannot be converted into exclusive ownership by one beneficiary without distribution or documentary proof.
Succession law – undistributed estate – absence of Letters of Administration or deed of distribution – beneficial interest v exclusive ownership; evidentiary proof of gift and exclusive possession; locus standi of beneficiaries to protect estate interests.
26 October 2021
Contempt application dismissed for failure to prove mandatory service of court process within 21 days.
* Civil procedure – service of process – Order 5 Rule 1 and Rule 3(c) – mandatory service within 21 days, failure to serve attracts dismissal. * Contempt proceedings – cannot be heard without proof of service; hearing without service prejudicial to respondent. * Procedural compliance – court will dismiss applications lacking proof of service rather than adjudicate merits.
22 October 2021
Court upheld instruction fee but struck improperly included trial costs, reducing taxed costs to Ugx 20,064,000.
* Advocates Act – taxation appeals – deference to Taxing Master’s assessment of quantum but court’s supervisory role. * Instruction fees – reasonableness assessed by nature of proceedings, not solely historical subject-matter value. * Costs – exclusion of trial-court costs where no order for those costs was made; striking of improperly included items. * Civil procedure – service of process – court may hear merits under Section 98 where respondent (through counsel) is aware.
22 October 2021
Appellant declared owner; occupation alone insufficient for title and continuing trespass defeats limitation defence.
* Succession – letters of administration and inheritance of land; * Land law – proof of ownership: gift inter vivos requires intention, delivery and acceptance; mere occupation does not confer title; * Adverse possession/occupation – occupation alone insufficient without statutory requirements; * Limitation – continuing trespass exception to limitation period; * Appellate review – re-evaluation of credibility and evidence.
22 October 2021
Applicants granted leave to sue as representatives; court mandated a detailed public advertisement of the representative suit.
Representative actions – Order 1 Rule 8(1) CPR – requirement of common interest – mandatory notice by personal service or public advertisement – required contents of advertisement – protection of occupants’ land rights.
22 October 2021
Counter-claim introduced by amendment without leave is improper; survey and mediation evidence can establish kibanja ownership.
* Civil procedure – pleadings – counter-claim – introduction of counter-claim by amendment without leave – procedural irregularity. * Land law – kibanja holder’s interest – determination of boundaries – role of survey and mediation evidence. * Ownership dispute – consideration of registered title history to resolve kibanja ownership.
22 October 2021
Administrator fraudulently procured grant by concealing a beneficiary; grant revoked but bona fide purchaser’s title upheld.
* Succession law – procurement of letters of administration by fraud – material concealment and false representation renders a grant revocable. * Administrator duties – duty to file final inventory, not to retain certificates of title perpetually, and to consult beneficiaries; mismanagement supports revocation. * Property law – bona fide purchaser for value without notice – due searches and absence of notice protect transferee’s title. * Remedies – revocation of grant, return/surrender of letters and titles, cancellation of administrator’s name, damages and costs.
22 October 2021
Appellant failed to prove a gift-based ownership; trial court’s finding that respondent inherited and owned the land is upheld.
* Civil procedure — appellate re-evaluation of evidence — first appellate court must re-assess evidence but allow for not having seen witnesses. * Property law — gift inter vivos — requires intention, delivery and acceptance; burden on donee to prove. * Evidence — unchallenged material evidence in chief treated as admitted; material contradictions may discredit witness testimony. * Succession/ownership — heirship and longstanding occupation can establish ownership rights.
22 October 2021
The petitioner failed to prove electoral offences or substantial noncompliance; the election result was upheld and petition dismissed.
Election petition — standard of proof: proof to satisfaction of court on balance of probabilities; competency of petition; admissibility and weight of affidavit evidence where witness not cross-examined; admissibility of DR forms — requirement for certification and sealing; agent signatures estop candidates from later challenging DR forms; ballot-stuffing allegations require cogent direct or circumstantial evidence; substantiality test — noncompliance must be likely to change result.
14 October 2021
Acknowledgment receipts established the appellant’s debt to the respondent; procedural errors were non‑prejudicial, appeal dismissed.
• Contract and restitution – money had and received – written acknowledgments evidencing repayable advances v. alleged rent payments; parol evidence rule. • Civil procedure – scheduling conferences and procedural non‑compliance; miscarriage of justice test. • Evidence – application of Illiterate’s Protection Act; admissibility and striking out witness statements; harmless error. • Jurisdiction – cause of action arising where payment occurred; suit properly brought in Busia.
13 October 2021
Proceedings and costs against a non‑existent legal entity are void; lower court judgment set aside.
* Civil procedure – legal personality – party to suit – unincorporated/non‑existent entity cannot sue or be sued and cannot bear costs or court orders. * Civil procedure – nullity – proceedings against a non‑existent entity are void and not cured by substitution/amendment. * Judicial duty – trial magistrate’s obligation to advise unrepresented litigants and discontinue proceedings where party capacity is in doubt.
13 October 2021
Use of GPS by magistrate at locus did not justify revisional relief; challenge to acreage lies by appeal, not revision.
Civil procedure — Revision under section 83 CPA — Whether locus in quo GPS use by magistrate amounts to unlawful exercise of jurisdiction; court-commissioned survey as official record; remedy by appeal not revision.
12 October 2021
Court dismissed the applicants' appeal, upholding the respondent's customary land ownership.
* Civil procedure – appeal from magistrate’s court – appellate evaluation of evidence and findings of fact. * Customary land – heir/beneficiary capacity to sue for recovery of customary land without letters of administration. * Evidence – materiality of witness contradictions; occupation and burials as evidence of ownership. * Possession/encroachment – temporary settlers versus longstanding family occupation.
12 October 2021
Whether a stay of execution pending appeal should be granted and what security conditions are required.
Civil procedure – Stay of execution pending appeal – Order 43 Rules 1 and 4(3) – Conditions: substantial loss, no unreasonable delay, security for due performance – discretion to grant stay without security but security appropriate where applicant remains in possession of land; deposit of bank guarantee and title ordered.
5 October 2021
Ex parte judgment and different parties defeated res judicata; appellants entitled to merits hearing; security for costs set aside.
Civil procedure – res judicata – requirements under Section 7 CPA (same issue, same parties/title, finally decided) – ex parte judgments and finality – right to a fair hearing – security for costs: appropriateness where matter not determined on merits.
5 October 2021
Objector proceedings inappropriate without attachment; sale annulment requires a suit; stay needs appeal and sufficient cause.
Civil procedure – Objector proceedings (Order 22 Rules 55–57) – objector relief applicable only where property has been attached; Reliefs seeking nullification of sale are contentious and must be instituted by plaint in an ordinary suit; Stay of execution (Order 43 r.4) requires an appeal or sufficient cause and satisfaction of conditions (substantial loss, no unreasonable delay, security).
5 October 2021
A notice of motion not signed and sealed as a summons is a fundamental, incurable defect; application dismissed with costs.
* Civil Procedure – Notice of motion as summons – Order 5 r.1(b) CPR; * Requirement of signature and court seal – Order 5 r.1(5) CPR; * Procedural compliance – omission to sign/seal is a fundamental, incurable defect rendering proceedings incompetent; * Authenticity and prevention of fraud in court processes.
4 October 2021
Administrators must include omitted children and properties in the estate inventory or properly seek revocation of their letters of administration.
Wills and administration – Will omitting children and property – administrators’ duty to locate assets and include them in a final inventory – filing and distribution before discharge – revocation of letters of administration requires separate suit – costs where parties related and in agreement.
4 October 2021
An uncertified ex parte arbitral award and failure to notify the judgment debtor rendered garnishee execution illegal; award and execution set aside.
* Arbitration — enforcement — requirement to produce duly authenticated original or certified copy of arbitral award and original/certified arbitration agreement (Section 35(2)). * Arbitration — fair hearing — party not notified; inability to present case as ground to set aside award (Section 34). * Civil procedure — garnishee proceedings — service on judgment debtor mandatory unless court orders otherwise (Order 23 Rule 3). * Banking law — banker’s duty of reasonable care and fiduciary obligations to customer when executing orders or transfers. * Public policy — courts will not sanction illegality and may set aside executions founded on irregular processes.
4 October 2021
Oral evidence that a written sale was a sham loan makes the parol evidence rule inapplicable; appeal allowed, costs to appellant.
* Evidence Act (ss.91–92) – Parol evidence rule – exceptions – oral evidence admissible to prove illegality, want of capacity, or that written agreement is a sham. * Property law – proof of ownership – possession and lawful title required to establish trespass. * Civil procedure – appellate review – re-hearing and re-appraisal of evidence by first appellate court. * Remedies – where written sale is a cover for a loan, claimant should pursue debt recovery, not land possession.
1 October 2021