HC: Civil Division (Uganda)

The Civil Division is a division of the high court. It's functions include: Hearing appeal cases from the Magistrates' courts in connection with torts committed against the person, Defamation, Bankruptcy and company winding up matters, Partnership matters,Companies matters, Real and personal property.

Physical address
Twed towers, along Kafu Road, Nakasero.
229 judgments
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229 judgments
Citation
Judgment date
December 2020
The respondent-bank may recover outstanding debt, damages and interest after foreclosure sale despite deductions from sale proceeds.
Banking law – recovery of outstanding loan after foreclosure sale; application of sale proceeds and deduction of foreclosure expenses; unchallenged witness evidence in default proceedings; award of decretal sum, general damages and post-judgment interest; costs follow the event.
18 December 2020
Deemed dismissal for desertion bars terminal benefits; eviction ordered though rent counterclaim dismissed.
Employment law – study leave cancelled; absence without leave/desertion – deemed dismissal under employer's staff rules – dismissal forfeits entitlement to pension/gratuity; limitation issues; landlord/tenant counterclaim for rent and eviction.
18 December 2020
Court extended time and set aside a premature statutory demand where consent order lacked endorsement and execution not attempted.
Insolvency law – statutory demand – Section 5 Insolvency Act and Reg.6 – extension of time under s.5(3) and s.96 CPA – requirement of execution/return of execution before insolvency proceedings – premature statutory demand – insolvency remedies not to be used for debt collection – sufficient cause (illness supported by medical evidence).
15 December 2020
Applicant's request for default judgment refused; court validated respondent's late-served defence and ordered inter partes hearing.
Civil Procedure – Filing of defence – WSD filing completed by court record placement, Registrar's seal and service on opposite party within 15 days – late service renders filing technically incomplete but court may validate in interests of justice. Civil Procedure – Mediation – Court-accredited mediator as "official referee" under Order 11A Rule 1(4)(e) – effect on abatement. Civil Procedure – Default judgment – distinction between default judgment for liquidated claims and proceeding as if defence filed for other claims; appropriate remedy is inter partes hearing, not automatic default judgment.
11 December 2020
Plaintiff entitled to modest quantum meruit award; title to be handed over upon full payment; other defendants dismissed.
* Quantum meruit – entitlement to reasonable remuneration where services rendered without fixed price – requirement to prove amount; * Proof of disbursements – documentary evidence for expenses; * Corporate personality – society (registered trustees) distinct from individual members; * Delivery of title conditioned on full payment; * Costs – unsuccessful joinder of improper parties results in no costs award to plaintiff.
10 December 2020
Court held registered leases valid; Registration of Titles Act prevails over conflicting trust statute; suit dismissed with costs.
* Trust property – Nakivubo War Memorial Stadium Trust Act s.8(e) – prohibition against dealing with scheduled property; * Statutory interpretation – literal versus purposive/contextual approaches; * Registered land – Registration of Titles Act (Cap. 230) prevails over inconsistent statutes; s.59 certificate of title conclusive; s.101 recognizes leases; * Validity of registered leases – absence of fraud or challenge; * Public–private partnership and redevelopment of trust property.
4 December 2020
Failure to meet statutory nomination requirements meant the Electoral Commission lawfully upheld refusal to nominate the petitioner.
* Electoral law – candidate nominations – compliance with documentary requirements and statutory resignation timelines for nomination. * Administrative law – limits on Electoral Commission powers – inability to permit nominations after gazetted dates absent court order. * Procedural law – competency of petitions by persons aggrieved by Electoral Commission decisions; non-joinder of parties affects relief but not competency.
1 December 2020
Challenge to nomination dismissed as inappropriate after a candidate was declared and gazetted; remedy is an election petition.
Electoral law — Appeal from Electoral Commission — Locus to appeal under Art.64 and s.15(2) — Declared and gazetted winner ceases to be a candidate — Remedy after gazetting is an election petition under ss.60–61 — Natural justice requires joining the declared winner — Court cannot create law to nullify gazetted result in an appeal.
1 December 2020
Applicant's nomination challenge dismissed as inappropriate after a winner was gazetted; election petition required to challenge declaration.
* Electoral law – jurisdiction of the Electoral Commission under the Constitution to hear election complaints. * Competency and timeliness of appeals from Commission decisions to the High Court. * Proper remedy once a candidate has been declared and gazetted – election petition under Parliamentary Elections Act (secs.60–68). * Natural justice – cannot nullify rights of a gazetted winner who is not a party. * Limits on judicially creating remedies outside statutory electoral scheme.
1 December 2020
Petition dismissed as inappropriate after a winner was gazetted; challenge must be by election petition, not this appeal.
Electoral law — jurisdiction of Electoral Commission versus Returning Officer at nomination — competence of appeals to High Court — effect of declaration and gazetting of winner — appropriate remedy is an election petition under Parliamentary Elections Act — protecting audi alteram partem where a declared winner is not a party.
1 December 2020
A candidate cannot validly stand for multiple elective positions simultaneously; Commission lawfully denied dual nomination and petition dismissed.
Electoral law – nomination and dual candidacy – Electoral Commission jurisdiction over nomination complaints – limitation on remedies once a candidate has been declared and gazetted – proper forum for challenging a declared winner is an election petition under Parliamentary Elections Act.
1 December 2020
November 2020
A taxation reference filed three years late, without leave or satisfactory explanation, was dismissed for inordinate delay.
* Advocates Act s.62(1) – appeal from taxing officer – 30-day time limit for filing reference. * Delay and condonation – unexplained inordinate delay requires satisfactory explanation or leave to file out of time. * Judicature Act s.17(2)(a) and s.33 – court’s powers to prevent abuse of process and dismiss delayed proceedings. * Procedural preliminary objections – timeliness may dispose of other objections and merits.
16 November 2020
A purchaser who registers property despite vendor’s defective title cannot obtain a protectable interest to defeat attachment.
Attachment before judgment – Order 40 Rule 8 and Order 22 Rules 55–58 CPR – claimant must show legal interest and legal possession at date of attachment; nemo dat – defective vendor title defeats purchaser’s claim; alleged fraudulent transfer/bad faith relevant.
9 November 2020
Ex parte attachment set aside for lack of valid service and insufficient evidence of intent to dispose of the disputed vehicle.
* Civil Procedure – Attachment before judgment (Order 40 CPR) – requirement of satisfactory evidence that defendant intends to dispose or remove property to defeat execution – necessity of full and frank disclosure. * Civil Procedure – Service of process – personal service under O.5 r.10 – proof of service must identify person served. * Commercial law – Bill of lading and registration as indicia of ownership; allegations of fraud are subject to proof.
6 November 2020
Court granted interim injunction preserving disputed leasehold land pending judicial review.
Judicial review – exercise of public power – non-renewal and reallocation of leasehold land; Interim/temporary injunction – preservation of status quo; prima facie case, irreparable harm and balance of convenience; Section 64(c) Civil Procedure Act; land possession vs registered allocation.
3 November 2020
October 2020
28 October 2020
Challenge to party name change and leadership dismissed as time‑barred and procedurally improper.
Political parties — challenge to party name change and internal elections — remedies for administrative action — judicial review procedure — Judicature (Judicial Review) Rules 2009 Rule 5(1) (three-month time limit) — laches and abuse of process — inherent powers and joinder of parties.
21 October 2020
Applicant failed to use internal party remedies and application was overtaken by events; injunction and judicial review dismissed.
Judicial review – exhaustion of internal remedies – party National Election Tribunal – requirement to lodge complaint before approaching court; Temporary injunction – purpose to preserve status quo – injunction inappropriate where endorsement/sponsorship already occurred; Party constitutions – internal dispute resolution mandatory where available.
15 October 2020
A valid notice of appeal and evidence of imminent execution justify a stay pending appeal if no unreasonable delay.
Civil procedure – Stay of execution pending appeal – requirements: notice of appeal and request for certified record; imminent threat of execution; substantial loss; no unreasonable delay. Affidavit formalities – affidavit not commissioned by Commissioner for Oaths, lacking signature/seal/date is incompetent and struck off record.
8 October 2020
Parliamentary committee conduct is reviewable, but a premature challenge to an ongoing inquiry was dismissed for lack of evidence.
* Administrative law — Judicial review — parliamentary committees amenable to review; * Justiciability — premature challenges to ongoing parliamentary inquiries discouraged; * Grounds of review — burden to prove illegality, irrationality or procedural impropriety; * Separation of powers — courts should exercise restraint and not pre-empt parliamentary oversight functions; * Sub-judice rule — inapplicable where court action commenced after parliamentary inquiry began.
7 October 2020
Applicant granted mandamus compelling accounting officer to pay an outstanding court-ordered decretal sum within the financial year.
Judicial review – Mandamus – enforcement of unappealed court judgment – duty of accounting officer under section 50 Land Act to effect payment or budget for court-ordered debts – requirements for Mandamus (clear legal right, demand and refusal, lack of alternative) – unopposed application.
2 October 2020
Temporary injunction refused where facts disputed and an indispensable third party was not joined.
* Administrative law – interim relief – temporary injunction in judicial review – preservation of status quo, prima facie case, irreparable injury, balance of convenience. * Civil procedure – non-joinder/indispensable third party – court will not make orders prejudicing non-parties without hearing them. * Environmental law – ESIA approval – public consultations, lead agency input and COVID-19 restrictions on public hearings.
2 October 2020
Court granted temporary injunction restraining respondent from auctioning applicant’s vehicle pending trial, finding prima facie case and irreparable harm.
Interlocutory injunction – preservation of status quo – prima facie case and probability of success – irreparable injury not compensable by damages – balance of convenience – statutory forfeiture under EACCMA does not automatically oust court jurisdiction to review alleged unlawful or negligent conduct by public body.
1 October 2020
September 2020
Court refused interlocutory injunction in defamation suit, finding possible defences and enforceability concerns precluded prior restraint.
* Defamation – interlocutory injunctions – extraordinary remedy granted only in the clearest of cases where statements are unarguably libelous and no defence could possibly apply. * Defamation – defences – justification/truth and documentary evidence may preclude pre-trial restraints. * Civil procedure – discretion to grant injunction – requirement to show irreparable harm and intention to repeat publication. * Jurisdiction/enforceability – limitations on enforcing foreign libel orders in the United States (SPEECH Act) relevant to practical relief.
28 September 2020
Occupier liable for visitor’s injury caused by uncovered manhole; proved medical expenses and modest general damages awarded.
Occupiers’ liability – duty of care to lawful visitors – liability for injuries from uncovered manhole, inadequate lighting and absence of warnings; proof of special damages must be specific and strictly proved.
28 September 2020
A Minister’s statutory instrument was quashed for failing to consult stakeholders and exceeding delegated powers under the Electricity Act.
* Administrative law – delegated legislation – judicial review of statutory instruments for illegality, irrationality and procedural impropriety. * Public participation – statutory and legitimate expectation to consult under s.62 Electricity Act and Article 8A/Principle X. * Ultra vires – inconsistency with parent Act and approved Rural Electrification Strategy and Plan. * Procedure – failure to follow Cabinet/ Public Service Standing Orders when making statutory instrument. * Governance – board composition, accountability and Public Finance Management implications.
25 September 2020
23 September 2020
Employees failed to prove entitlement to additional termination benefits; suit dismissed with no order as to costs.
Employment law – employer-employee relationship; termination benefits and severance; entitlement to accrued leave; conditional salary increments under collective agreement; workwear and payment in lieu; workers' compensation procedure and proof; NSSF contribution enforcement.
18 September 2020
Applicants failed to prove entitlement to additional retirement-related benefits; suit dismissed for lack of proof.
Employment law – employer–employee relationship – statutory severance and terminal benefits under Employment Act 2006; leave and leave pay – proof of application and employer denial; repatriation provisions; workers’ compensation – necessity of medical proof and statutory procedure; NSSF remittance disputes – for NSSF to pursue.
18 September 2020
Whether a written MOU was varied by conduct and whether the plaintiff proved unpaid entitlements; suit dismissed.
* Contract variation – written MOU varied by subsequent conduct, emails and payment vouchers – validity under section 67 Contracts Act. * Parol evidence rule – limits on extrinsic evidence to add, vary or contradict a written instrument and its exceptions. * Standard of proof on civil balance of probabilities when evaluating contract variation and allegations of breach. * Proof of statutory remittances (PAYE/NSSF) and evidential weight of account-holder’s conduct and documents.
18 September 2020
Cancellation of the applicant’s advertising licence without a hearing breached contract and legitimate expectation; respondent liable, damages awarded.
Contract/licence – permission to advertise on public service vehicles; Administrative law – revocation of licence, legitimate expectation and fair hearing; Vicarious liability of the State for acts of licensing authority and police; Remedies – special and general damages, interest, costs; Injunction refused where no subsisting licence.
18 September 2020
Court dismissed employment and malicious prosecution claims, finding procedural fairness, reasonable suspicion, and no malice; costs to defendants.
Employment law – jurisdiction between Labour Officer and High Court; unfair dismissal – procedural fairness and reasonable suspicion based on police investigation; limitation – Labour Officer time limits not automatically binding on High Court proceedings; tort – malicious prosecution requires absence of reasonable cause and presence of malice; withdrawal of prosecution may constitute termination in favour of accused.
18 September 2020
Employees entitled to unpaid overtime and unpaid weekly rest day; other leave claims not proved; lost documents and res judicata not fatal.
Employment law – unpaid overtime and shift work – entitlement where hours exceed statutory limits; Employment law – weekly rest day – pay entitlement where rest day withheld despite salary-like payment; Discovery procedure – failure to formally tender documents and retain duplicates does not automatically vitiate trial; Res judicata – prior labour officer award limited to specific issues does not bar fresh suit on other employment claims; Evidence – burden to prove payment or entitlement lies on party asserting it; Leave claims – requirement for documentary proof (leave applications, medical certificates) to succeed.
18 September 2020
Disconnection unlawful without proof of meter tampering; respondent failed to justify claimed bill; applicant awarded general damages.
Electricity supply — unlawful disconnection — absence of evidence of meter tampering where meter and keys were under supplier control; Billing — estimation of unregistered consumption — supplier must explain computation; Damages — special damages require precise proof; general damages for loss of use; interest and costs awarded.
18 September 2020
Review application against order freezing and reallocating account funds dismissed for lack of aggrieved status and insufficient grounds.
• Civil procedure – Review under s.82 Civil Procedure Act and O.46 r.1 CPR – requirements: person aggrieved, new evidence, error apparent on face of record or other sufficient reason. • Definition of "person aggrieved" – legal grievance required; wrongful deprivation or affectation of title. • Evidence and interlocutory findings – memorandum of understanding and prior rulings establishing affiliation to Ponzi scheme justify freezing of accounts and compensation orders. • Company law – lifting corporate veil where shareholder affiliation to fraudulent scheme is shown. • Anti‑Money Laundering Act – accountable persons’ due diligence and tracing suspicious transactions.
18 September 2020
Applicant’s judicial review dismissed: NEC lawfully halted and re‑ran grassroots party elections; internal remedies not exhausted.
Administrative law – judicial review of internal party decisions; exhaustion of internal remedies under Rule 7A; party NEC powers to supervise and take over grassroots elections; procedural fairness and COVID‑19 related filing delays.
18 September 2020
An applicant seeking to restrain police investigations must show a prima facie case; courts avoid injunctions against public authorities.
* Civil procedure – Temporary injunctions – Applicant must show prima facie case, balance of convenience and probability of success; courts cautious about injunctions against public authorities. * Constitutional law – Police investigatory functions under Article 212 – public interest in prevention and detection of crime. * Evidence – Affidavit must disclose material facts and evidence to justify interim relief.
14 September 2020
August 2020
31 August 2020
31 August 2020
Court granted limited interim travel permission for studies despite ongoing interdiction, finding irreparable harm and favorable balance of convenience.
Administrative law – Interim relief; interdiction and travel ban – Criteria for interim injunction: prima facie case, irreparable harm, balance of convenience – Limited permission to travel for studies while preserving interdiction and ongoing investigations.
28 August 2020
Interim injunction to halt electoral nominations denied for lack of prima facie case and due to public interest in ongoing elections.
Interim injunction — electoral process — prima facie case, balance of convenience, irreparable harm; public interest in ongoing elections; Electoral Commission’s constitutional mandate; delimitation of constituencies raises constitutional issues for the Constitutional Court.
28 August 2020
19 August 2020
Revocation of a private tax ruling without hearing affected persons breaches natural justice and may be quashed by judicial review.
Judicial review – administrative action – revocation of private tax ruling – duty to act fairly and afford hearing – locus standi of affected persons – prematurity and exhaustion of remedies – discretionary relief of certiorari.
17 August 2020
Court granted leave under Companies Act s142 to hold a listed company’s AGM electronically due to COVID-19, subject to regulatory conditions.
Companies Act s142 – Court power to order meetings conducted in manner it thinks fit where impracticable; COVID-19 public health restrictions as justification for virtual AGMs; requirement to obtain securities exchange no-objection and comply with listing rules and statutory notices; obiter urging amendment of articles and law to permit virtual/hybrid meetings.
17 August 2020
Statutory adjudicative power exists but IRA’s CEO-led decision was quashed for procedural unfairness and lack of independent adjudicative structure.
Insurance law – statutory adjudication of insurance complaints; interpretation of "arbitrate" in Insurance Act; natural justice – nemo judex in causa sua; procedural fairness and right to a hearing under Article 28; mandamus to establish independent adjudicative body; certiorari to quash procedurally flawed decision.
14 August 2020
Specific performance ordered to recover project vehicle and audit records; court permits piercing corporate veil where abuse is shown.
Contract – sub-award agreements – breach for failure to return project assets and render accountability; Specific performance granted under s.33 Judicature Act; Service by registered post and email effective under s.274 Companies Act and practice directions; Corporate veil may be pierced where company used to frustrate legal obligations or cloak fraud; Costs awarded.
10 August 2020
Ministerial renewal of employment was ultra vires; the Board lawfully advertised the post and the applicant’s judicial review claims fail.
Administrative law – Judicial review – Ultra vires acts – Statutory allocation of appointment powers under Animal Breeding Act 2001 s.24 – Minister’s lack of authority to renew staff contracts in absence of Board – Advertisement lawful – Affidavit in rejoinder struck out for lack of leave.
7 August 2020
July 2020
A regulator exceeded authority, denying the applicant employment; the respondent bank was not liable for discrimination.
* Equal Opportunities Commission – jurisdiction to determine discrimination complaints and grant monetary remedies under section 14(4). * Administrative law – coram and quorum: three-member panel valid; majority decisions permissible. * Banking regulation – scope of Bank of Uganda’s authority under the Financial Institutions Act; regulator exceeded mandate by requiring approval for Internal Audit Manager. * Evidence – admissibility of res gestae/hearsay in context and re-evaluation on appeal. * Remedies – limits of the Commission’s awards; distinction between discrimination remedies and contractual/labour claims (special damages, NSSF).
22 July 2020
Court authorised the applicant to hold its AGM electronically under s.142 due to COVID‑19, subject to USE approval.
Companies Act s.142 – Court-ordered meetings – electronic Annual General Meeting; Judicature Act s.33 – remedial powers; COVID‑19 public health restrictions – impracticability of physical meetings; Uganda Securities Exchange approval and compliance with listing rules.
17 July 2020
Applicant’s lack of notification of an administrative allocation decision amounted to good reason to extend time for judicial review.
* Administrative law – Judicial review – Extension of time under rule 5(1) – Whether lack of notification of administrative decision constitutes good reason to extend time. * Procedural law – Time limits – Whether time runs from decision date or its communication to affected person. * Rule of law vs legal certainty – Balancing notification rights against finality of administrative decisions.
17 July 2020