HC: Civil Division (Uganda)

The Civil Division is a division of the high court. It's functions include: Hearing appeal cases from the Magistrates' courts in connection with torts committed against the person, Defamation, Bankruptcy and company winding up matters, Partnership matters,Companies matters, Real and personal property.

Physical address
Twed towers, along Kafu Road, Nakasero.
24 judgments
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24 judgments
Citation
Judgment date
August 2019
Unauthorised placement of power lines without statutory notice was trespass and negligent; distributor held vicariously liable and ordered to pay general damages.
* Electricity law – s.67(1) and s.67(4) – statutory 60 days’ notice required before placing electric supply lines over private land. * Tort – Trespass to land – unauthorized entry by licensee’s agents constitutes trespass; trespass actionable per se. * Tort – Negligence – duty of care, foreseeability and breach where live wires placed above a dwelling. * Vicarious liability – employer liable for servants’ torts committed in course of employment. * Damages – special damages must be specifically pleaded and proved; general damages awarded for trespass/inconvenience.
28 August 2019
Trial judge mis‑evaluated evidence; land held to belong to the deceased mother's estate, not the respondent.
• Limitation — continuing trespass; cause of action may arise during continuance of wrongful occupation. • Evidence — first appellate court's duty to re‑evaluate evidence on balance of probabilities; trial court must give reasons when preferring one version. • Possession/Adverse possession — long uninterrupted occupation can create rights affecting ownership of unregistered land. • Succession — land that belonged to deceased devolves into estate and must be shared by lawful beneficiaries. • Locus in quo — visit lawful but its observations must be properly considered in judgment.
19 August 2019
Uncontroverted evidence of arrest, torture and detention by UPDF led to state vicarious liability and awards for general and exemplary damages.
• Constitutional and tort law – illegal arrest, detention and torture by military personnel – liability of the State.• Vicarious liability – State liable for wrongful acts of military agents acting within scope of employment.• Evidence – unchallenged witness evidence treated as admitted.• Damages – refusal of unproven special damages; award of general and exemplary damages with interest and costs.
19 August 2019
The plaintiff was unlawfully arrested and tortured by state agents, entitling him to constitutional redress and damages.
Constitutional law — arbitrary arrest and unlawful detention (Article 23); Prohibition of torture — absolute, non‑derogable right (Article 24) and Prevention and Prohibition of Torture Act; Right to property (Article 26) — burden to prove possession and value; Remedies for constitutional breaches — Article 50(1) — redress includes compensatory and punitive damages; Limitation — no fixed statutory time bar for enforcement of constitutional rights.
19 August 2019
Application under Article 50 struck out for failure to allege any specific infringement of constitutional rights.
Constitutional procedure – Article 50 enforcement – public interest litigation requires specific allegation of infringement or threatened constitutional right; administrative decisions challenging recall/issuance of passports are more appropriately pursued by judicial review; passports as government property and regulatory powers to issue/recall; requirement for genuine public interest standing.
16 August 2019
Article 50 actions require specific constitutional right infringement allegations; vague public-interest challenges are incompetent.
Constitutional procedure – Article 50 enforcement – Article 50 requires specific allegation of infringement or threat to a constitutional right before court will entertain public interest litigation; Public interest standing – criteria for genuine public interest litigation and limits on broadened access; Administrative law – where no constitutional right is pleaded, challenge to administrative decision should proceed by judicial review; Passports – state ownership and power to issue/recall; Regional obligations – EAC/ICAO directives and domestication principles.
16 August 2019
Application under Article 50 struck out for failing to plead any specific infringement of constitutional rights; judicial review was the proper remedy.
Public interest litigation — Article 50 enforcement — requirement to plead specific infringement of constitutional rights; standing and genuine public-interest criteria; administrative decisions and appropriate remedy (judicial review)
16 August 2019
A university’s unjustified delay in issuing a degree certificate warranted mandamus, damages and a daily penalty.
* Administrative law – Judicial review of public bodies – mandamus to compel issuance of academic certificates. * Administrative law – Legitimate expectation – students’ expectation to receive academic documents on graduation. * Remedies – Award of general damages for nonfeasance/misfeasance by a public institution and daily penalty for continued delay. * Public law – University’s statutory duty to issue degree certificates promptly.
16 August 2019
Telecommunications masts are movable chattels, not immovable property subject to local property rates under the Rating Act.
Local Government (Rating) Act 2005 – interpretation of "property" – ejusdem generis – immovable vs movable (degree and purpose of annexation) – telecom masts are movable chattels – tax statutes construed in favour of taxpayer – demand notices unlawful.
16 August 2019
Telecommunications masts are movable chattels and not subject to property rates under the Rating Act.
Property law – interpretation of "property" under Local Government (Rating) Act 2005; fixtures doctrine – degree and purpose of annexation; ejusdem generis and noscitur a sociis; tax statutes construed in favour of taxpayer; quashing of property-rate demand notices for telecom masts.
16 August 2019
Telecommunications masts are movable chattels, not "property" under the Rating Act, so property-rate demands were unlawful.
Local Government (Rating) Act 2005 – definition of "property" – whether telecommunications masts are immovable property; Fixtures law – degree and purpose of annexation tests; Statutory interpretation – ejusdem generis and noscitur a sociis; Tax/rating statutes – ambiguity resolved in favour of taxpayer; Judicial review – quashing unlawful demand notices.
16 August 2019
Judicial review unavailable where the dispute is essentially a private land dispute already before the court; raise public law issues in the earlier suit.
* Administrative law – Judicial review – availability to challenge decisions of public officials – focus on decision-making process (legality, irrationality, procedural impropriety). * Civil procedure – relation between public law remedies and private law actions – where private law dispute predominates and an earlier ordinary suit exists, public law issues should be ventilated in that suit. * Land law – competing title claims and appropriateness of prerogative orders seeking survey and title cancellation. * Alternative remedy/abuse of process – party with earlier-filed private suit must ordinarily pursue related public law issues within that suit.
16 August 2019
Consent withdrawal signed by counsel without client’s informed agreement can be set aside for mistake or misrepresentation.
Civil procedure – Review of consent judgments – Consent binding unless procured by illegality, fraud or mistake – Mistake or negligence of counsel can justify setting aside consent – Consensus ad idem required – Importance of immediate protest and rebuttal.
16 August 2019
A statutory demand against an individual is invalid without a judgment debt; disputed debts must be litigated, not enforced via insolvency.
Insolvency law – Statutory demand against an individual requires a judgment debt; insolvency proceedings enforce but do not establish disputed rights; statutory demand cannot be used as a debt-collection tool where triable issues exist; triable-issues test (Tan Eng Joo) applies.
16 August 2019
A statutory demand against an individual requires a judgment debt; a demand issued without judgment was set aside.
Insolvency Act — statutory demand against an individual must be for a judgment debt; insolvency proceedings enforce established rights not establish them; misuse of insolvency as debt‑collection; triable disputes warrant setting aside statutory demand.
16 August 2019
A statutory demand against an individual is improper absent a judgment debt; disputed debts must be litigated, not enforced by insolvency machinery.
Insolvency law – statutory demand against an individual requires a judgment debt – insolvency enforces, not establishes, rights – disputed liabilities must be litigated, not collected via statutory demand.
16 August 2019
Regulatory delay denied a fair hearing; tribunal’s jurisdiction upheld, damages increased, special damages not proved.
* Administrative law – electricity sector – jurisdiction of the Electricity Disputes Tribunal to determine licensing and fair hearing complaints. * Administrative fairness – right to a fair and speedy hearing – delay and lack of effective notice vitiating administrative decision-making. * Remedies – remitting matter to regulatory committee for fresh consideration and timeline orders. * Damages – distinction between special and general damages; necessity of specific pleading and proof for special damages; appellate interference where award is manifestly inadequate. * Licensing – failure to produce documents before regulator may preclude finding of substantive right-to-practice violation.
16 August 2019
The applicant failed to show a prima facie case or irreparable harm to justify an injunction halting the telecom mast.
* Civil procedure – Temporary injunction – Requirements: prima facie case, irreparable injury, balance of convenience. * Environmental law – Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) – consultation requirements and regulatory approval. * Administrative remedy – Cancellation of EIA approval under EIA Regulations as appropriate remedy for alleged defective consultation. * Judicial discretion – Injunction an extraordinary remedy to be exercised cautiously.
16 August 2019
Review dismissed: alleged errors were disagreements with the judgment and should have been appealed.
Review — scope limited to errors apparent on the face of the record; Review is not a substitute for appeal; Affidavits must not be argumentative; Abuse of process — frivolous and vexatious review; Delay in filing review applications.
16 August 2019
An eight‑year delay and concurrent UHRC complaint rendered the constitutional claim time‑barred and an abuse of court process.
Human rights claims — limitation periods; Human Rights Commission Act five‑year limitation; Human Rights (Enforcement) Act 2019 not yet in force; delay causing prejudice; abuse of court process for concurrent proceedings before UHRC.
16 August 2019
Court preserved students’ attendance by granting a temporary injunction pending the main suit, while striking the director from the suit.
Injunctions – interlocutory relief – three‑part test (prima facie case, irreparable harm, balance of convenience); procedural objections – suing public officer in personal capacity; curable affidavit defects; preservation of status quo for large affected student cohort; injunction not to bar fee collection; no costs awarded.
6 August 2019
Court granted interim protection preserving the MOU pending arbitration due to prima facie case and irreparable loss.
Arbitration - interim measures in aid of arbitration; temporary injunctions - prima facie case; irreparable injury; balance of convenience; contractual exclusivity; preservation of status quo pending arbitration.
5 August 2019
A non-party to an arbitration agreement cannot be joined to proceedings seeking interim relief affecting that arbitration.
* Arbitration — limited court intervention; Section 9 Arbitration and Conciliation Act bars intervention except as provided. * Joinder — non-party to arbitration agreement cannot be joined to proceedings seeking interim relief arising from that arbitration. * Civil Procedure — Order 1 r.10(2) cannot be used to circumvent Arbitration Act restrictions on court intervention. * Interim measures — only parties (or those claiming through/under them) to arbitration agreement may obtain or be subject to court-ordered interim relief.
5 August 2019
Plaintiff shot by police; State held vicariously liable and ordered to pay compensatory, exemplary damages, interest and costs.
Tort — Negligence; Use of lethal force by police — unjustified shooting through gate; Res ipsa loquitur applicable where firearm under exclusive control of officer; Vicarious liability — State liable for police acts in course of duty; Damages — general, special, loss of earnings, exemplary, interest and costs awarded.
2 August 2019