HC: Civil Division (Uganda)

The Civil Division is a division of the high court. It's functions include: Hearing appeal cases from the Magistrates' courts in connection with torts committed against the person, Defamation, Bankruptcy and company winding up matters, Partnership matters,Companies matters, Real and personal property.

Physical address
Twed towers, along Kafu Road, Nakasero.
280 judgments
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280 judgments
Citation
Judgment date
December 2019
Part-payment and admission fixed recoverable debt; uncorroborated accounts insufficient to prove larger claim.
Debt recovery; burden of proof on plaintiff; effect of admissions under Evidence Act s.22; inadmissibility/unreliability of uncorroborated financial statements; award of contractual/common-law interest and costs.
20 December 2019
Unlawful arrest, incommunicado torture by police and compensatory/punitive damages with shared State and perpetrators’ liability.
Constitutional rights — unlawful arrest and detention (Art.23); prohibition of torture and cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment (Arts.24,44); redress and compensation for constitutional rights violations (Art.50); state vicarious liability and personal liability of public officers; assessment of damages for torture, incommunicado detention and permanent incapacity.
20 December 2019
The applicant was unlawfully arrested, tortured in custody and awarded constitutional damages against the State and officers.
Constitutional law — unlawful arrest and detention — right to be informed of reasons and prompt presentation to court (Art.23); Prohibition of torture — absolute non‑derogable right (Arts.24,44) and Anti‑Torture Act; State vicarious liability for acts of police and personal liability of public officers under Human Rights (Enforcement) Act; Assessment and award of constitutional damages, interest and costs.
20 December 2019
Unlawful arrest and incommunicado torture entitled the plaintiff to declaratory relief, compensatory and punitive damages, and apportioned state and officers' liability.
Constitutional law – personal liberty and arrest procedures (Art.23); absolute prohibition of torture (Art.24/Art.44); remedy and compensation for human rights violations (Art.50(1)); vicarious and personal liability of State and public officers; assessment and apportionment of damages for unlawful detention and torture.
20 December 2019
Tenant’s failure to pay agreed rent and implied waiver allowed landlord’s re‑entry; tenant liable for arrears, damages, interest and costs.
* Contract/Tenancy – condition precedent – payment of rent as precondition to landlord vacating premises. * Waiver – tenant’s continued occupation and trading without paying rent constitutes implied waiver of right to complain. * Re-entry – landlord’s right to re-enter for rent arrears and to seek compensation. * Pleadings – late objection to a counterclaim is improper where the counterclaim has been met and responded to.
20 December 2019
Applicant failed to prove sufficient cause for non-appearance; reinstatement application dismissed with costs.
Civil procedure – summary suit – application to reinstate dismissed application – sufficiency of cause for non-appearance; procedural route to set aside dismissal (Order 9 Rule 23) vs Order 36 Rule 11; requirement for evidence of illness/accident (medical/accident reports).
20 December 2019
Defendant held liable for collision; plaintiffs awarded reduced special damages, general damages, costs and 20% interest.
Motor vehicle collision — causation — reliance on findings in related criminal proceedings; special damages — requirement to plead and strictly prove but oral evidence may suffice; assessment and reduction of claimed repair costs; award of paint and hire charges; general damages for inconvenience; exemplary damages refused where prior criminal costs awarded; interest and costs.
20 December 2019
20 December 2019
Taxing master’s large instruction fee award set aside where no formal application for higher fee was made; fees reduced to prescribed scale.
Advocates’ costs – Taxation – Instruction fees – Applicability of 6th Schedule – Requirement of formal application/certificate for higher fee where matter is complex – Taxing master’s discretion limited by procedural requirements.
20 December 2019
Attorney General liable to pay quantum meruit compensation and damages for firefighting services solicited by police.
Limitation law – exception for mistake (Section 6(1)(c)) – quantum meruit – implied obligation to pay for emergency services solicited and accepted by police – authority of police officers to procure assistance – vicarious liability of the Attorney General for police acts – awards of compensation, general damages and interest.
20 December 2019
Emergency firefighting services solicited by police give rise to a quantum meruit claim against the state; limitation exception applied.
Limitation law – s.6(1)(c) (mistake exception) – limitation period begins on discovery of mistake; Res judicata – requirement of same parties and identical issue; Quantum meruit – emergency services solicited and accepted by police create obligation to pay; State liability – acts of police officers with ostensible authority may bind the State; Remedies – award of compensation, general damages, interest and costs.
20 December 2019
State liable on quantum meruit for firefighting services solicited and accepted by police; claim not time-barred.
* Limitation – discovery exception (Section 6(1)(c)) – time runs from discovery of mistake, not original incident; * Res judicata – requirements for application include same matter and same parties; * Quantum meruit – implied promise to pay where services solicited and accepted in emergency; * State liability – vicarious/state bound where police officer with ostensible authority solicits and accepts services; * Remedies – award of compensation, general damages, interest and costs.
20 December 2019

Civil procedure—malicious prosecution—tort arising from civil proceedings—plaint struck out—no reasonable or probable cause—lack of malice—public policy—application allowed.

20 December 2019
Court granted mandamus compelling the land board to decide a conversion application within 60 days due to undue delay.
* Administrative law – Judicial review – Focus on legality of decision-making process rather than merits. * Mandamus – compelling performance of public duties – remedy for unreasonable delay. * Delay – failure to decide within reasonable time amounts to abuse of authority. * Land law – conversion of customary tenure to freehold – role of District Land Board and Registrar of Titles. * Third‑party clearance – Civil Aviation Authority objections where land abuts airport buffer zone.
20 December 2019
Malicious newspaper publications defamed a public figure; court awarded damages, apology, injunction and costs.
Defamation – defamatory meaning and test of right-thinking members of society – malice and context of publication – remedies: general and exemplary damages, interest, apology, permanent injunction and costs.
20 December 2019
Failure to prove that whistleblower information directly caused tax recovery defeats entitlement to the statutory 10% reward.
* Tax law – Whistleblower reward – Section 8, Finance Act 2014 – requirement to prove information led to tax recovery; evidentiary standard on causation and proof. * Evidence – Acknowledgement of receipt (TIF) is not conclusive proof of reliance; burden of proof lies on informer to show direct causal link to recovery. * Customs/agency liability – Section 147 EAC Customs Management Act imposes agent liability for duties but does not, without pleading and proof, establish fraud or active participation in evasion. * Civil procedure – Fraud allegations must be specifically pleaded with particulars and strictly proven.
20 December 2019
Court upheld presidential power to appoint/second UPDF officers into police posts and found LDU recruitment lawful; application dismissed.
Constitutional and administrative law – presidential power of appointment (Art.172) – delegation and Police Act s.13; secondment of UPDF officers to Police – lawfulness of assigning police rank; UPDF Act – reserve/auxiliary forces and lawfulness of Local Defence Unit (LDU); procedural discretion to admit late affidavit (Civil Procedure Act s.96); discretionary nature of prerogative remedies.
20 December 2019
Court upheld Presidential power to appoint/second UPDF officers to police and found LDU recruitment lawful.
Judicial review — Legality of Presidential appointments and secondments of serving military officers to police; Article 172 Constitution; Police Act delegation; UPDF Act — Secondment and reserve forces; Legality of Local Defence Units (LDU); Admissibility of late affidavit/enlargement of time.
20 December 2019
Cancellation of a registered land title was unlawful for being ultra vires and for denying the applicant a fair hearing.
Land law; judicial review – illegality, ultra vires and functus officio; procedural impropriety – denial of audi alteram partem; cancellation of registered title; remedies: certiorari, prohibition and injunction.
20 December 2019
Arrest lawful absent proof of malice; logbook misplaced; plaintiff failed to prove purchase; claim dismissed and defendants awarded damages.
Criminal procedure – lawful arrest and detention – reasonable and probable cause – Police Act s.23; Malicious arrest – requirement to prove malice. Property/vehicle transfer – log book/transfer forms misplaced – URA duplicate and validation process. Civil evidence – onus of proof in purchase disputes – agency/proxy and contribution. Remedies – dismissal of claimant’s claim; award of damages and costs to defendants.
20 December 2019
Lessee (operator) held vicariously liable for negligent driver; lessor bank absolved under finance lease.
Tort — negligence — vicarious liability of employer for employee’s driving; finance lease — registered owner vs lessee liability; proof and assessment of general and special damages; effect of driver’s non‑appearance on adverse inference.
20 December 2019
Application for judicial review dismissed: regulator afforded fair process and private telecom not amenable to judicial review.
* Administrative law – judicial review – remedy focused on decision-making process and observance of natural justice. * Fair hearing – public notice and public hearing satisfy audi alteram partem where complainant fails to attend. * Sub judice – pending commercial proceedings can preclude administrative investigation. * Bias – public pronouncements alone do not invalidate administrative action absent an improper decision thereafter. * Public vs private – judicial review applies to public bodies; private corporations are not liable to public-law review for private-law disputes.
20 December 2019
Prisoners’ rights against torture breached; State vicariously liable and awarded damages split between State and officers.
Constitutional law – freedom from torture (Art.24, Art.44(a)) – Prevention and Prohibition of Torture Act; Evidence – plaintiff’s burden and corroboration by medical report; Vicarious liability – State/Attorney General liable for prison officers’ torts; Remedies – assessment and apportionment of compensatory and exemplary damages; Prisoners’ rights – enforceability and protection by courts.
20 December 2019
Appeal allowed: unpaid purchase balance and surveyor’s report established respondent’s trespass, eviction, payment with interest, damages and costs.
Land law – sale of land – alleged payment of balance and transfer – effect of unpaid balance on ownership; Civil procedure – appellate re-appraisal of evidence and use of independent surveyor; Evidence – handwriting expert opinion not given fair opportunity for cross-examination; Boundary disputes – locus visit and professional surveyor’s report; Remedies – eviction, payment of unpaid purchase balance with interest, general damages and costs.
19 December 2019
An LC-mediated oral agreement was binding; the applicant was estopped from reclaiming the sold land; appeal dismissed.
Property law – Sale of land – Subsequent oral/LC-mediated agreement superseding prior arrangements; Specific performance – impossibility where purchaser has occupied and used land (Contracts Act s64(2)(a)); Estoppel – seller barred from reclaiming sold land (Evidence Act s114); Appeal – re-appraisal of evidence on first appeal.
19 December 2019

Constitutional law – fundamental rights and freedoms – freedom of movement (no-fly list) – right to dignity (degrading treatment) – non-derogable rights – judicial review – police powers (passport confiscation) – acts of infringement – injunction – damages

16 December 2019
Contempt application dismissed because the suspension was revoked before the contempt claim, leaving no live dispute.
Contempt of court — injunction — elements: existence of order, knowledge, non‑compliance; overtaken by events/mootness — revocation of suspension prior to contempt filing — no live dispute; costs.
13 December 2019
November 2019
Interim injunction to halt implementation of digital tax stamps refused; public interest and operative legislation prevailed.
Tax law – temporary injunction – digital tax stamps (DTS) – challenge to regulations as ultra vires – public interest – reluctance to suspend operation of legislation – lis pendens/exhaustion of remedies.
5 November 2019
Court refused applicants’ request to restrain digital tax‑stamp implementation, prioritising public interest and statutory operation of law.
Tax law – Digital tax stamps – Interim injunction – restraint of public authority; judicial reluctance to suspend operation of legislation; requirements for interim injunction: prima facie case, irreparable harm, balance of convenience; issues of time‑bar, lis pendens and alternative remedy before Tax Appeals Tribunal.
5 November 2019
Interim protective orders require full disclosure and cannot be used to frustrate ongoing execution; application dismissed with costs.
Insolvency Act – Interim Protective Order – stay of execution – need for full disclosure of creditors, liabilities and assets – abuse of court process – competence of application where execution/warrant already issued.
4 November 2019
A delayed administrative decision, absent a time-bound court order and later served, does not automatically amount to contempt.
* Contempt of court – requirement of wilful disobedience to a court order – purpose to safeguard rule of law. * Administrative law/Electoral law – jurisdiction of Electoral Commission to determine election complaints post-declaration of results. * Remedies – contempt proceedings inappropriate for adjudicating the merits of administrative/electoral decisions; appeals or judicial review are proper avenues. * Effect of subsequent compliance – where decision is later served, contempt application may be overtaken by events.
4 November 2019
Applicant's malicious prosecution claim dismissed; prosecution had reasonable cause and claim against government was time‑barred.
Malicious prosecution – essential ingredients (institution of proceedings, lack of reasonable/probable cause, malice, termination in favour of plaintiff) – reasonable and probable cause judged objectively; Limitation law – actions against the Government barred after two years (Civil Procedure and Limitation (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act Cap 72 s.3(1)); Arrest and prosecution – police and DPP duties and sanctioning of files; Damages – plaintiff must prove inconvenience/loss causally linked to wrongful prosecution.
1 November 2019
No malicious prosecution proved; prosecution had reasonable cause and claim against the State was time-barred, suit dismissed with costs.
* Malicious prosecution — elements: institution of proceedings; lack of reasonable and probable cause; malice; termination in favour of plaintiff. * Reasonable and probable cause — objective test based on materials available to prosecutor. * Malice — requires improper motive or reckless disregard; not inferred merely from institution of prosecution. * Limitation — actions against the State barred after statutory period (Civil Procedure and Limitation (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act, s.3(1)). * Remedies — damages discretionary; costs follow the event.
1 November 2019
Commissioner’s rectification of the land register was irrational and ultra vires; court quashed the amendment order.
Land law; judicial review of administrative action; rectification of land register; procedural fairness; ultra vires and irrationality; certiorari to quash amendment of title; damages not automatic in judicial review; costs awarded to successful applicants.
1 November 2019
Commissioner’s title-rectification decision quashed as irrational and ultra vires; applicants awarded costs, no damages.
Administrative law – Judicial review of land registration rectification – Natural justice/fair hearing – Ultra vires and irrational exercise of statutory power – Certiorari quashing amendment of register – Damages not automatic in judicial review – Costs awarded to applicants (except 4th applicant's counsel).
1 November 2019
Plaintiff failed to prove malicious prosecution; defendants had reasonable cause and claim against the State was time-barred.
Malicious prosecution – elements (institution of proceedings; absence of reasonable/probable cause; malice; termination in favour) – Reasonable and probable cause assessed objectively – Malice requires improper purpose or reckless disregard – Limitation: actions in tort against the Government barred after two years (s.3(1) Civil Procedure and Limitation Act) – Damages and costs.
1 November 2019
Statutory demand set aside where a bona fide substantial dispute exists and insolvency may not be used for debt collection.
Insolvency law – statutory demand – bona fide substantial dispute as to debt – insolvency not a substitute for debt collection; judgment creditors should first pursue execution and other remedies.
1 November 2019
Commissioner’s title-rectification was ultra vires and irrational; certiorari granted to quash the amendment order.
Administrative law – Judicial review – Illegality, irrationality and procedural impropriety – Commissioner for Land Registration’s power to rectify title – Ultra vires exercise of power to evade prior court judgments – Certiorari to quash amendment order dated 27/11/2018.
1 November 2019
Registration of a company under a name confusingly similar to an existing company was unlawful; plaintiff’s trademark registration upheld.
Company law – registration of company names – misleading or confusing names – s.37 Companies Act; Trade mark law – registration, publication and distinctiveness – failure to object during statutory period; Property – proof of title and ownership of church land; Remedies – cancellation of registration, injunctions, damages and costs.
1 November 2019
Freezing was initially lawful on suspicion, but an almost year‑long freeze pending investigations became unreasonable and was lifted.
Anti‑Money Laundering Act – powers of Financial Intelligence Authority to halt financial activity on suspicion of money‑laundering; administrative discretion and principle of legality; limits on prolonged freezing of assets; right to timely resolution and protection of third‑party interests; judicial supervision of state investigatory delays.
1 November 2019
October 2019
Interim injunction discharged because the underlying MOU expired and public interest/statutory duties justified lifting the order.
* Arbitration Act s.6 – court power to grant and to vary/discharge interim measures in support of arbitration. * Civil Procedure Act s.98 – supplementary remedy where Arbitration Act is silent. * Interim injunctions – discharge for material change of circumstances, undue hardship, public interest. * Public bodies – courts reluctant to restrain lawful statutory functions; public interest may justify discharge.
31 October 2019
Consent order transferred property; respondents held in contempt, fined or committed, awarded damages and injunction granted.
* Civil procedure – Contempt of court – Elements: existence of lawful order, knowledge and disobedience. * Enforcement of consent judgment – transfers and mortgages effected after consent order void as against order. * Remedies for contempt – fines, committal to civil prison, compensatory damages, injunctions and correction of land register. * Police involvement – liability and referral of police officer’s conduct for investigation.
30 October 2019
Court set aside dismissal for want of prosecution under s.98 CPA and reinstated the suit to be heard on the merits.
Civil procedure – dismissal for want of prosecution under s.98 CPA – inherent jurisdiction to set aside dismissal and reinstate suit – counsel’s negligence and client’s rights – functus officio and court’s control over its orders (Rawal v Mombasa Hardware).
8 October 2019
State vicariously liable for hospital negligence in maternal death due to inadequate post‑operative care and failure to transfuse blood.
Medical negligence; doctor‑patient duty of care; failure to provide blood transfusion and inadequate post‑operative care; vicarious liability of State hospital; unpleaded contributory negligence cannot be relied upon; awards for special and general damages.
3 October 2019
Whether unsigned minutes created a valid contract and whether property should be decreed to purchaser and protected for the child.
Contract law – validity of agreement – minutes unsigned, lacking consideration and intention to be legally bound – not a gift inter vivos; Civil procedure – appellate interference with general damages where trial findings inconsistent; Family law – court exercising inherent/ equitable powers to protect child’s interest by ordering transfer of property; Equitable doctrines – in pari delicto and unjust enrichment/appropriation of payment.
3 October 2019
A non‑party guarantor may be discharged and an erroneous warrant set aside where the guarantor was not bound by the underlying suit.
Civil procedure – Guarantor liability – Whether a non‑party guarantor can be bound by consent/judgment – Res judicata inapplicable to non‑parties – Enforcement against principal debtor – Setting aside erroneous warrant of arrest issued by Assistant Registrar.
2 October 2019
Adoption permitted despite statutory age shortfall where child’s best interests, consent and long‑term fostering support adoption.
Children Act – Adoption – Welfare principle paramount; residency and fostering requirements for non‑citizen adopters; statutory age differential versus best interests; parental consent and custody order; permission for international relocation and registration.
1 October 2019
Court allowed amendment to add beneficiaries, finding no prejudice and leaving technical objections for later determination.
Civil procedure – Amendment of pleadings – Leave to amend to add additional plaintiffs – Order 1 Rule 1 CPR; Section 98 Civil Procedure Act; Section 33 Judicature Act – Avoidance of multiplicity of suits – Technical objections (particulars of fraud, limitation) to be addressed at substantive stage.
1 October 2019
September 2019
The appellant failed to rebut the respondent’s account; magistrate’s award and jurisdiction were upheld.
Magistrates’ pecuniary jurisdiction; extent of permissible awards (interest, damages, costs); evidential value and burden to rebut a statement of account; duty to facilitate agreed re-measurement; first appeal standard on facts.
30 September 2019
An interim stay of eviction may be granted urgently where a substantive application is pending and execution poses an imminent threat.
Civil procedure – Interim stay of execution – urgency and ex parte relief – requirement that a substantive application be pending and a real threat of execution exist (Hwan Sung Industries) – amended CPR notice exceptions – stay of warrant for vacant possession pending fixation of substantive application.
27 September 2019