HC: Civil Division (Uganda)

The Civil Division is a division of the high court. It's functions include: Hearing appeal cases from the Magistrates' courts in connection with torts committed against the person, Defamation, Bankruptcy and company winding up matters, Partnership matters,Companies matters, Real and personal property.

Physical address
Twed towers, along Kafu Road, Nakasero.
227 judgments
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227 judgments
Citation
Judgment date
April 2017
Revision inappropriate; damages were within the magistrate’s pecuniary jurisdiction and taxation/procedure issues require appeal or review.
* Civil procedure – Revision under section 83 CPA – Scope limited to jurisdictional excess, failure to exercise jurisdiction, illegality or material irregularity. * Pecuniary jurisdiction – Determination excludes interest and taxed costs; damages alone determine threshold. * Taxation and procedural complaints under O.17 r.4 CPR – Remedy by appeal or review, not revision.
24 April 2017
Email termination satisfied 14‑day written‑notice requirement; plaintiff failed to prove large special damages, awarded UGX 2,544,000 plus interest.
Franchise agreement – termination – clause permitting termination on 14 days’ written notice; Electronic Transactions Act – electronic communications valid as written notice; proof of damages – special damages must be specifically pleaded and strictly proved; award of general damages and interest; costs—each party to bear own costs.
20 April 2017
Excessive delay by the Law Council in deciding an enrolment application was unreasonable; court ordered mandamus to compel a decision within 14 days.
Administrative law — Judicial review of inaction/delay — Excessive delay may amount to reviewable unlawful inaction — Mandamus appropriate to compel statutory decision — Declarations, certiorari or prohibition require a final decision; damages not awarded absent separate cause of action.
20 April 2017
University’s withholding of graduates’ certificates was unlawful; selected plaintiffs awarded UGX 50,000,000 each plus costs.
* Administrative law / education – unlawful retention of academic certificates and transcripts – entitlement to declaration and return of academic documents; * Civil damages – assessment of general damages for loss of opportunity, humiliation and frustration of legitimate expectations; * Civil procedure – costs follow the event.
20 April 2017
A fresh mandamus application is barred by res judicata where an earlier unvaried mandamus order exists; enforcement, not re-litigation, is required.
* Administrative law – Prerogative writs – Mandamus – Whether a fresh mandamus application is barred where an earlier mandamus order exists (res judicata). * Civil procedure – Res judicata – Finality of judgments – Enforcement of existing orders vs re-litigation. * Execution – Certificate of order against Secretary to the Treasury – Effect of not being varied or set aside leads to enforcement remedy.
20 April 2017
Acquittal on appeal supports a malicious prosecution claim; respondents ordered to return property and pay damages.
Malicious prosecution – elements: institution/instigation of proceedings, lack of reasonable/probable cause, malice, and favourable termination (Mbowa v East Mengo Admn; Pike v Waldrum); appellate duty to re-evaluate evidence; remedy: return of property and damages for malicious prosecution, assault and defamation.
19 April 2017
Whether omission to install gutters constituted actionable nuisance and how liability should be apportioned between neighbours.
Nuisance – private nuisance arising from use of adjoining land; causation and proximate cause; apportionment of liability between neighbouring landowners; procedural omission of locus visit notes does not automatically vitiate determination where oral evidence suffices.
13 April 2017
GCM lacked jurisdiction to try the applicant where the charge sheet failed to allege aiding-and-abetting under section 119(1)(g).
* Constitutional law – Right to a fair trial (article 28(1)) – competency of tribunal – High Court jurisdiction to enforce constitutional rights (article 50). * Military jurisdiction – General Court Martial – jurisdiction over civilians for service offences subject to section 119(1)(g) UPDF Act. * Criminal procedure – Charge sheet particulars – requirement to disclose aiding and abetting of persons subject to military law to confer GCM jurisdiction. * Remedies – permanent injunction, immediate release, and compensation for unlawful deprivation of liberty.
13 April 2017
GCM lacks jurisdiction where the charge sheet fails to disclose aiding or abetting of military personnel, violating Article 28(1).
* Constitutional law – Article 50(1) enforcement – High Court jurisdiction to enforce Article 28(1). * Military law – General Court Martial jurisdiction over civilians for service offences contingent on section 119(1)(g) UPDF Act. * Criminal procedure – jurisdiction is determined from the face of the charge sheet; particulars must disclose aiding/abetting of persons subject to military law. * Remedies – declaration, permanent injunction, release, general damages where military prosecution is incompetent.
13 April 2017
Whether a registered cultural institution has capacity to sue and whether government recognition of its leader was procured by fraud.
Cultural institutions – capacity to sue – Institution of Traditional or Cultural Leaders Act 2011 – corporation sole; leadership disputes – validity of government gazettement; fraud allegations – higher civil standard of proof; counterclaims – cause of action and locus standi.
12 April 2017
A consent judgment stands unless vitiated by proven fraud, lack of counsel authority, mistake, or material irregularity.
* Civil procedure – consent judgment – binding contractual effect – can only be set aside for fraud, mistake, misapprehension or contravention of court policy. * Advocate’s authority – apparent authority to settle and sign consent judgments unless client withdraws instructions or proves advocate’s fraud. * Forgery allegations – require cogent evidence; forensic report unexplained/rebutted fatal to challenge. * Formal irregularities – inadvertent use of wrong court seal is not fatal where judicial officer had capacity.
12 April 2017
Appeal dismissed: trial court correctly found claimant's sale evidence proved and mortgage claim unproven; heir may sue without letters.
Land law – proof of ownership – sale versus mortgage – admissibility of unsigned agreements; Evidence – corroboration and weight of oral testimony; Succession – beneficiary’s locus standi to sue without letters of administration; Appeal – re-evaluation of evidence and absence of miscarriage of justice.
10 April 2017
Mandamus will not compel promotion where ministerial clearance and wage availability for the post are not lawfully in place.
Administrative law – Mandamus – requirement that applicant demonstrate a legal right to compel performance; Public Service/Establishment Notice – mandatory ministerial clearance and wage-availability before recruitment or confirmation; Illegality – courts will not compel unlawful administrative action; Budgetary constraints – absence of funds precludes compelled recruitment.
7 April 2017
Manufacturer held liable for defective beverage with foreign particles; damages reduced and unpleaded business-loss claim rejected.
* Product liability – manufacturer’s duty of care – Donoghue v Stevenson – liability for supplying defective beverage containing foreign particles. * Evidence – corroboration by server, police and government analyst – burden to prove defect and manufacturer’s opportunity to rebut. * Damages – assessment reduced where injury primarily psychological; awards for business loss require pleading and proof. * Civil procedure – failure to call quality-control witnesses or adduce protocols weakens defendant’s defence.
6 April 2017
Employment Act vests employment dispute jurisdiction in Labour Officers/Industrial Court; magistrate's self-reversal was irregular; case transferred.
Employment law – Jurisdiction of Labour Officers and Industrial Court v magistrates’ courts; statutory transfer of jurisdiction under Employment Act 2006; review and functus officio; High Court revision powers under section 83 CPA; transitional provision section 99(2).
6 April 2017
A landlord may lawfully obtain distress against a tenant despite a vague interim order affecting a goodwill owner.
* Landlord and tenancy law – distress for rent – registered proprietor entitled to apply for certificate to levy distress against defaulting tenant. * Interim relief – purpose to preserve status quo – vague orders ("stop" vs "restrain") may be ineffective. * Goodwill/sub-tenancy – lack of direct landlord relationship limits ability to prevent landlord’s distress; remedy lies in damages against substantive tenant. * Professional conduct – advocate entitled to rely on legal status of parties; no misconduct found. * Revision jurisdiction – no material irregularity or unlawful exercise of jurisdiction found by magistrate.
4 April 2017
Administrative decision halting deployment without budgetary due diligence or fair procedure was unlawful; deployment and damages ordered.
Administrative law – Judicial review – timeliness of application; Public Service Commission Regulations – Regulation 26(1) (vacancy/budget) and Regulation 29(1) (appointment letter within one month) – illegality for advertising without funds and failing to issue appointment; Wednesbury irrationality – halting deployment sine die while others deployed; Procedural impropriety – failure to afford fair hearing or written reasons; Remedies – certiorari, mandamus and damages.
4 April 2017
Amended plaint filed late and introducing time‑barred personal injury claims was disallowed for limitation and pleading defects.
* Civil procedure – Amendment of pleadings – Order 6 rules 19–22 – Leave required for late amendments – Opposing party may apply to disallow under Order 6 r 22. * Limitation – Introduction of personal injury claims – three-year limitation under Limitation Act – late amendment that adds time‑barred causes of action may be disallowed. * Pleadings – Order 6 r 1 – pleadings must state brief material facts, not detailed evidence; pleadings framed as evidence may be struck out.
4 April 2017
Application to set aside executed consent judgment dismissed for lack of merit, privity and failure to obtain representative order.
* Civil procedure – Review of consent judgments – Consent may be set aside only for fraud, collusion or reasons that vitiate the agreement. * Civil procedure – Competency and enforceability – Where a consent judgment has been executed and beneficiaries paid are not parties to the review, orders may be unenforceable and the application academic. * Contract/privity – A party not privy to a consent agreement cannot be bound by or sued under it. * Civil procedure – Representative suits – Requirement of Order 1 rule 8 for representative orders is mandatory; power of attorney insufficient.
3 April 2017
March 2017
A defamation plaint must reproduce the exact words complained of and state the plaintiff's place of residence; failure warrants rejection.
* Civil procedure – Pleadings – requirement to plead material facts; a plaint must state all material facts relied on. * Defamation – Pleading – the exact words complained of are material facts and must be reproduced in the plaint; annexing the article does not cure the omission. * Civil Procedure Rules (Order 7 r.1(b)) – mandatory requirement to state plaintiff's name, description and place of residence in the plaint. * Preliminary objections – failure to plead the words complained of and place of residence can justify rejection of the plaint with costs.
30 March 2017
Applicant's guild removal quashed for procedural unfairness; certiorari granted, successor declaration void, damages awarded.
Administrative law – Judicial review of university student-guild decisions – Effectiveness of internal remedies – Natural justice and right to be heard – Procedural irregularity (misleading agenda item) – Relief: certiorari, damages, costs.
30 March 2017
Application to set aside dismissal for want of prosecution denied due to applicant's unexplained negligence; dismissed with costs.
Civil procedure – dismissal for want of prosecution – application to set aside dismissal – duty of plaintiff to prosecute – negligence of counsel – when counsel’s mistake will not be imputed to client – reinstatement and costs.
30 March 2017
Appeal allowed: affidavit of service deficient; appellants entitled to opportunity to apply for leave to defend.
Civil procedure – summary suit – default judgment – setting aside default judgment – service of summons – affidavit of service – Order 5 Rule 16 – insufficiency of proof of service – leave to appear and defend – abuse of process/res judicata.
30 March 2017
A jurat/address discrepancy is a technical defect; a defendant showing a prima facie triable issue should obtain leave to defend and decree was set aside.
Civil procedure – Summary suit — leave to appear and defend — affidavit jurat — discrepancy between place sworn and Commissioner’s postal address not incurable; technicality rectifiable. Order 36 (formerly 33) r.4 — defendant required to show bona fide prima facie triable issue, not full defence. Judicial discretion — power to order re‑swearing or rectification of jurat.
30 March 2017
Court set aside a consent order as void ab initio because it sought to enforce a declaratory judgment without consequential orders.
* Civil procedure – Consent judgments – generally binding but subject to setting aside for fraud, collusion, mistake or contravention of court policy; consent extracted from an unenforceable declaratory judgment may be void ab initio. * Judgment – Declaratory relief – a declaration of rights is not itself an executable order; consequential orders are required to effect distribution. * Matrimonial property – distribution/subdivision of matrimonial property should follow matrimonial proceedings. * Inherent jurisdiction – High Court may set aside illegal orders to prevent abuse of process (s.98 CPA).
30 March 2017
Registrar lacked jurisdiction to determine civil contempt; his order dismissing contempt and awarding costs was set aside.
Civil procedure — Review of registrar’s decision — Registrar’s jurisdiction auxiliary under Order 50 CPR — Contempt of court: distinction between contempt in the face of the court (summary power) and civil contempt (enforcement) — Registrar lacks jurisdiction to adjudicate civil contempt — Error apparent on face of record — Order set aside.
29 March 2017
Court found an ex-parte hearing irregular where there was no proof of service of the hearing notice; remedies under civil procedure rules apply.
Civil procedure – Ex parte judgment – Ineffective or absent service of hearing notice – Order 19 r.12/r.27 CPR – Setting aside judgment and execution – Sections 98 Civil Procedure Act and 333 Judicature Act – Wasted costs and counsel’s conduct (Ridehalgh v Horsefield; Allen v Unigate Dairies).
29 March 2017
Statutory PSC privilege bars production of PSC communications absent Chairperson’s consent; Solicitor General must produce Minister’s June 16, 2016 letter.
Administrative law – Discovery – Relevance to pending judicial review – Statutory privilege under section 19 Public Service Commission Act bars compelled disclosure of PSC communications without Chairperson’s written consent – Letter from Minister to Solicitor General not privileged and must be produced.
29 March 2017
Appellant proved supply and non‑payment of cotton; trial judgment set aside and full amount awarded to appellant.
* Civil claim for goods supplied – burden of proof under Section 102 Evidence Act – where delivery established, burden shifts to defendant to prove payment. * Documentary and oral evidence – receipts/notes retained where unpaid; tearing on payment corroborative. * Appellate re‑evaluation of credibility – material inconsistencies justify rejection of respondent’s evidence. * Trial magistrate’s mis-evaluation of evidence warrants setting aside judgment.
23 March 2017
Court upheld consolidation but allowed appeal on premature substantive ruling and unjustified costs awarded against the applicant.
Civil procedure – consolidation of applications under Order 11 CPR; discretion to consolidate; right to be heard – effect of failure to oppose consolidation; interlocutory rulings – prohibition on premature determination of substantive irregularity before trial; corporate personality – signature and capacity to bind company; costs – need for reasons when awarding costs against an individual in corporate matters.
23 March 2017
Appeal dismissed because the applicant raised new grounds without leave and failed to file lower court proceedings and decree.
* Family law – Divorce – ground of cruelty established at trial; property division claim dismissed as parties had previously shared jointly acquired property. * Civil procedure – Appeal – memorandum of appeal must set out grounds concisely; party may not raise new grounds on appeal without leave (Order 6 r.7; Order 43 r.1(2)). * Civil procedure – Appeal competency – certified lower court proceedings and decree must accompany an appeal; absence renders appeal incompetent.
23 March 2017
District Service Commission appointments void where statutory procedure and eligibility requirements were not complied with.
Local Government Act – appointment of District Service Commission members – statutory requirements for DEC recommendation, council approval, 7 clear days’ notice, urban authority and disability representation, and gender quota – eligibility and disqualification of appointees – judicial review for procedural illegality and irrationality.
23 March 2017
Registrar’s prior taxation ruling bars counterclaim as res judicata under sections 7 and 34 CPA.
Civil procedure – Res judicata (s.7 CPA) – Execution matters (s.34(1) CPA) – Registrar’s taxation ruling as final determination of execution issues – Pleadings must allege new matter to avoid res judicata – Counterclaim dismissed with costs.
23 March 2017
Whether a family member may sue in negligence for a deceased person’s claim without letters of administration.
* Succession Act s.191 – requirement of letters of administration to establish rights in intestate property * Law Reform (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act s.6 – family member’s capacity to sue in negligence on behalf of deceased without letters of administration * Capacity to sue – beneficiary/family member v. administrator/executor * Civil Procedure Act s.98 – court’s inherent power to allow amendment for proper proof of relationship * Proof of relationship – requirement to attach birth certificate or credible evidence to plaint
23 March 2017
15 March 2017
The appeal was dismissed for failure to prosecute after the appellant failed to file submissions or appear.
* Civil procedure — Appeal — Dismissal for want of prosecution — Failure to file submissions or appear after case scheduling — Abandonment of grounds and award of costs.
15 March 2017
A prior Execution Division application did not bar the present suit by res judicata because parties and substantive issues differed.
Res judicata; scope and meaning of "suit" under section 2(x) Civil Procedure Act; identity of parties requirement; whether earlier execution/applicant proceedings decide same matter; locus standi and finality of Execution Division orders.
13 March 2017
Applicant failed to satisfy legal requirements for stay of execution: no substantial loss shown, appeal unproven, no security provided.
Civil procedure – Stay of execution – Order 43 Rule 4 and Order 22 Rule 26 – Requirements: substantial loss, no undue delay, and security – Burden to prove existence and timeliness of appeal – Taxation of costs does not automatically render appeal nugatory.
13 March 2017
A permanent injunction granted alongside an order for retrial is an apparent error and was set aside.
Civil procedure – Review for error apparent on the face of the record; Order 46 CPR; retrial (trial de novo) after appeal; incompatibility of a permanent injunction with a full remittal for retrial; requirements for interim injunctions (prima facie case, balance of convenience, irreparable harm).
10 March 2017
Application to summon creditors under section 234 dismissed for inadequate disclosure and failure to attach proposed compromise and creditors' list.
* Companies Act 2012, s.234 - power to order meetings for compromise or arrangement; requirement to attach proposed compromise. * Disclosure requirements - list of creditors, addresses, amounts and nature of claims necessary to determine affected class and quorum. * Ex parte applications - higher standard of disclosure and verification required for creditor compromise meetings. * Procedure - court to set conditions for summons, quorum and chair; recommendation for rules under s.294(1).
6 March 2017
Court expunged an unnotified valuation report and set aside taxation for valuation costs for violating parties’ right to be heard.
* Civil procedure – enforcement of decree – court-appointed valuer – duty to act judicially and observe natural justice – parties entitled to notice and to be heard during valuation process. * Constitutional law – right to fair hearing (Art 28(1)) – extends until final execution of decree. * Costs – taxation – Taxing Officer may not tax costs not awarded by decree; taxation set aside where error in principle.
2 March 2017
Advocate failed to prove valid retainer or full remittances; ordered to pay UGX 3,376,050,000 with interest.
Civil recovery of client funds; fiduciary accounting by advocate; admissibility and formalities of retainer agreements (Advocates Act s.51); evidential burden and secondary evidence; calculation of decretal sum and interest.
2 March 2017
Judicial review refused for alleged non-implementation of Leadership Code absent a final decision or statutory timeline.
Judicial review — inaction vs final decision — access to information under Leadership Code Act — mandamus to compel prescription of statutory form — absence of statutory timelines; reform process via amendment bill; prerogative relief inappropriate where no final agency decision or emergency.
2 March 2017
February 2017
Whether post-expiry tenancy existed and whether special damages were specifically pleaded and proved.
* Landlord and tenant – existence of tenancy after written agreement expiry – tenancy by estoppel and tenancy at will. * Contract breach – tenant’s prohibited activities as breach of tenancy terms. * Damages – requirement that special damages be specifically pleaded and proved; assessment of general damages in breach of contract. * Appellate review – re-evaluation of evidence and limits of interfering with trial court findings.
28 February 2017
A plaintiff may not bring a fresh suit after dismissal under Order 9 rule 22 unless the dismissal is set aside.
* Civil procedure – Order 9 r22/r23 – effect of dismissal for non-appearance and bar on bringing a fresh suit in respect of same cause of action. * Civil procedure – Preliminary objection – raising points of law under Order 6 r28; Mukisa Biscuits principles. * Abuse of court process – repetition of dismissed cause of action leads to dismissal with costs.
23 February 2017
Whether the 2007 market management policy and limits on customising standard bidding documents were properly applied in procurement review.
Public procurement — Government policy prioritising market vendor associations for market management — effect on choice of bidding method (Restricted vs Open); Customisation of Standard Bidding Documents — limits of Regulation 48 and requirement for prior authorisation; Scope of administrative merits review by PPDA Tribunal — power to consider material not pleaded provided natural justice observed; Natural justice — duty to give notice when tribunal raises issues proprio motu; Costs — requirement for reasons and opportunity to be heard before awarding costs.
23 February 2017
A merits tribunal may raise unpleaded procurement defects but must afford notice; costs award set aside for lack of reasons.
* Administrative law – external merits review – scope of PPDA Tribunal’s powers to stand in the shoes of the original decision-maker and to consider issues not pleaded. * Procurement law – customisation of Standard Bidding Documents – Regulation 48 limited to minor changes; material deviation requires prior written approval. * Evidence – judicial notice of related tribunal findings in the same procurement process. * Natural justice – audi alteram partem must be observed when tribunal raises new issues. * Costs – tribunal must give reasons and opportunity to be heard before awarding costs.
23 February 2017
Tribunal validly found unauthorised overhaul of standard bid document void; costs award set aside for lack of hearing and reasons.
* Administrative law – external administrative merits review – Tribunal’s power to stand in the shoes of the primary decision-maker and to consider matters of mixed fact and law raised by the material before it. * Public procurement – Standard Bidding Documents – Regulation 48(1) permits only minor/cosmetic customisation; extensive alteration requires formal deviation and written authorisation (Regs 5, 10, 61). * Procurement law – application of parking SBD to market management without authorisation constitutes unlawful deviation and may render process void ab initio. * Remedies – entitlement to refund administrative review fee where the decision annuls original decision even if on grounds other than those advanced; limits on Tribunal’s costs awards – need for reasons and opportunity to be heard.
23 February 2017
Applicant in possession facing eviction satisfied injunction requirements: prima facie case, irreparable harm, status quo and balance of convenience.
* Civil procedure – Temporary injunction – Requirements: prima facie case, irreparable injury, preservation of status quo, balance of convenience. * Land law – Possession as factor in interlocutory relief – Allegations of fraud and illegality in title disputes raise serious issues to be tried.
23 February 2017
The appellant is vicariously liable for police officers’ torts closely connected to their official duties.
Tort — Vicarious liability of the State for police officers’ wrongful acts; scope and connection to official duty; causation; Auto Garage test for cause of action; PPDA Act inapplicable where no procurement issue.
22 February 2017