HC: Civil Division (Uganda)

The Civil Division is a division of the high court. It's functions include: Hearing appeal cases from the Magistrates' courts in connection with torts committed against the person, Defamation, Bankruptcy and company winding up matters, Partnership matters,Companies matters, Real and personal property.

Physical address
Twed towers, along Kafu Road, Nakasero.
227 judgments
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227 judgments
Citation
Judgment date
July 2017
Appellate court discounted a duress-tainted agreement, found debt proven via agent’s document, ordered repayment of remaining principal.
Contract law – validity of written agreement – duress; Agency – agent’s payment and principal’s claim; Burden of proof – balance of probabilities on indebtedness; Interest/penalty clauses – enforceability without moneylender licence; Pleading and proof of general damages.
14 July 2017
Court set aside its earlier judgment after finding an attached foreign conviction and held the foreign judgment non‑conclusive.
Review — error apparent on face of record — foreign criminal judgment attached to pleadings — manifest error warranting review; Conflict of foreign judgment and domestic law — s.9(f) Civil Procedure Act — foreign judgment sustaining breach of Ugandan law not conclusive; Bills of Exchange Act/penal implications — cheques unconditional; issuing cheque as security unlawful.
13 July 2017
Exemption-fee policy not binding where fee requirement was not communicated in students' admission letters; university must set missed exams.
* Education law – University admission contracts – terms in admission letters bind students; uncommunicated policy terms not contractual. * Fees – exemption fees for exempted units – operationalization and retrospective application. * Administrative law – university obligation to assess students under Universities and Other Tertiary Institutions Act; duty to provide special sittings. * Evidence – burden to prove duress to set aside consent judgments or withdrawals.
13 July 2017
Court awarded reduced sums for overseas medical treatment after accepting treating doctor's recommendation despite absence of hospital report.
• Civil damages – personal injury – assessment of quantum for further medical treatment abroad – admissibility and weight of treating doctor's testimony where hospital report unavailable. • Evidence – credibility and sufficiency of medical testimony recommending overseas treatment. • Remedies – reduction of claimed costs as excessive; award of specific sums for surgery, travel and upkeep. • Costs – successful plaintiff awarded costs of suit.
13 July 2017
Absence from duty without reasonable excuse justified retirement in public interest; dismissal was disproportionate and set aside.
Judicial discipline – Absenteeism v. abscondment – Procedural fairness in JSC disciplinary proceedings – Proportionality of sanction – Retirement in public interest versus dismissal.
12 July 2017
Judicial review challenging prosecution was time-barred and improperly brought against the DPP in his personal capacity.
Judicial review — limitation — rule 5(1) Judicature (Judicial Review) Rules 2009; amended charge sheet does not restart time; civil court cannot restrain criminal investigations/prosecutions; DPP not suable in personal capacity — proceedings should name Attorney General.
10 July 2017
Representative tobacco growers' detinue suit dismissed for failure to plead detinue elements, non-compliance with representative procedure, limitation and res judicata.
Detinue — essential elements: proprietary interest, wrongful detention, demand and adequate description of goods; Representative actions — mandatory advertisement of the list and nature of the suit; Limitation — contractual claims barred after six years; Res judicata and abuse of process — court will not entertain re‑litigated or hypothetical claims.
10 July 2017
Court granted extension of time for filing appeal, treating counsel’s negligence as sufficient cause and imposing conditional costs.
Civil procedure — Extension of time to file memorandum of appeal — Wrong procedural provision not fatal where court exercises discretion under s.98 — Omission of applicant-sworn affidavit — Mistake/negligence of counsel may constitute sufficient cause — Conditional grant with costs.
7 July 2017
Judicial review premature where a procuring entity’s recommendation to PPDA is not a final, reviewable decision.
* Administrative law – Judicial review – Prematurity – Recommendation by procuring entity to PPDA is not a reviewable decision until PPDA acts; right to be heard exercised before regulator. * Procurement law – PPDA Regulations 2014 – Regulation 12(1) and 13 – Decision-making competence and suspension of suppliers. * Civil procedure – Abuse of court process – initiating judicial review before exhaustion of administrative remedies.
7 July 2017
Court dismissed jurisdictional and prematurity objections, ordered payment of admitted USD 27,302.16 and costs, leaving other claims for Kenyan proceedings.
Contractual choice of law v. jurisdiction – clause stating governing law (Kenya) does not automatically oust foreign court jurisdiction; Winding-up petitions – considered a form of civil action; Arbitration/contractual dispute resolution clauses – clause 3(d) does not preclude winding-up proceedings; Quantum disputes – disagreement on amount does not necessarily establish insolvency; Conflict of laws – petitioner relying on local insolvency statute where contract invoked foreign law is erroneous; Admission of undisputed debt – court can order immediate payment and costs.
7 July 2017
Belated documents and technical affidavit errors cannot save a sham defence in summary proceedings.
Civil procedure – Summary suit – Unconditional leave to appear and defend – Applicant must show a plausible, bona fide defence raising real triable issues; sham or vague set‑off claims insufficient; belated documentary evidence on appeal generally not considered; technical irregularity in affidavit not fatal where it does not affect merits.
6 July 2017
Respondent lawfully sealed the applicant's bonded warehouse and refusal to renew was lawful; applicant failed to exhaust statutory tax remedies.
Customs law – bonded warehouse licensing and sealing (ss.62,157 EACMA); compounding offences and requirement of prior admission (s.219 EACMA); constructive knowledge and corporate responsibility for agent's acts; administrative law – review of non‑renewal of licence, legitimate expectation and scope of discretion; jurisdictional requirement to exhaust statutory review/appeal to Tax Appeals Tribunal.
6 July 2017
Temporary injunction to stop quarry blasting refused: applicant failed to show prima facie case, irreparable harm, and balance favoured respondent.
Injunctions – temporary injunction – requirements: prima facie case, irreparable injury, balance of convenience; quarrying activities; prior compensation and consent judgment; authorisation by NEMA and local authorities; national project considerations (Kampala–Entebbe Express Way).
6 July 2017
Applicant’s documented sickness and counsel’s mistake amounted to sufficient cause to set aside dismissal; applicant ordered to pay thrown-away costs.
* Civil Procedure – Order 9 r.23 – setting aside dismissal for non-appearance – sufficiency of cause. * Sickness/disability of litigant as cause for non-appearance. * Mistake or negligence of counsel – when it may constitute sufficient cause. * Costs – discretion under s.27 Civil Procedure Act; award of 'thrown away' or wasted costs instead of taxed costs.
5 July 2017
Disconnection lawful under Water Act; owner liable for plumbing after meter; unpaid water bill awarded to defendant.
Water Act – s95(2)(a) – lawful disconnection where amounts outstanding over statutory period; Water Act – s73 – landowner’s responsibility to repair works after the meter; burden of proof on claimant to show payments or compliance; counterclaim for unpaid water recoverable.
5 July 2017
June 2017
An intention to commence statutory title-cancellation proceedings is not a reviewable decision; judicial review dismissed.
Administrative law – judicial review – definition of ‘decision’ – expression of intention to commence statutory proceedings not a final decision; Land law – Registrar’s powers under section 91 Land Act – preliminary steps to cancel title; Procedural law – sub judice does not render preliminary administrative steps reviewable; Remedies – certiorari and prohibition require a final reviewable act.
29 June 2017
Applicant lessor proved proprietary interest in attached vehicles; attachment set aside and vehicles released, each party to bear own costs.
Execution — Attachment before judgment — Claim by third-party lessor to attached vehicles — Lease retains ownership in lessor during lease term; lack of company seal not fatal; affidavit evidence sufficient to establish proprietary interest — Attached vehicles not liable to attachment.
26 June 2017
A public-interest NGO can sue under Article 50 for constitutional rights breaches, not for private torts or vague criminal claims.
Constitutional law – Article 50 – locus standi of public-interest organisations to enforce fundamental and other rights; limits of Article 50 – private torts/contractual claims and vague allegations of statutory contraventions are not maintainable under Article 50; striking out pleadings under Order 6 r.18.
23 June 2017
Revision granted and retrial ordered after finding unconscionable loan terms and irregular sale in execution.
Civil procedure – revision under s.83 Civil Procedure Act; mortgage/security – unconscionable loan terms; penalty clauses – distinction between penalty and liquidated damages; interest beyond contractual period; sale in execution – challengeability and material irregularity; retrial for miscarriage of justice.
22 June 2017
A guardian-signatory lacks standing to sue a bank over a minor’s junior account; the minor must sue via a next friend.
Banking law – junior account held in minor’s name – customer is the minor; capacity to contract – contracts for necessaries enforceable; guardians/signatories owe fiduciary duties to minor and must account to the minor; locus standi – enforcement must be by/for the minor (next friend); bank implements court orders concerning account operation and owes duties to account holder only.
22 June 2017
Appellant’s claim to a market lock‑up failed; trial court correctly found respondent’s predecessor built and occupied the premises; appeal dismissed.
Land/Property – market lock‑up ownership and possession; allocation by committee; credibility of allocation witness; weight of contemporaneous management records and construction evidence; appellate re‑evaluation of conflicting evidence; remedy limited to refund of improper payments.
22 June 2017
Respondents held in contempt for discussing sub judice matters; exemplary damages, penalty and costs awarded.
Contempt of court – requirements (lawful order; knowledge; ability to comply; disobedience); sub judice restrictions on publication; admissibility of audio evidence where recorder swears affidavit and translation is certified; remedies for contempt – exemplary damages, deposit penalty and costs.
21 June 2017
Appellate court affirms defamation finding, dismisses appeal and orders costs after re‑evaluating evidence.
Defamation — publication to third parties — test of whether words tend to lower claimant in estimation of right‑thinking members of society — burden on claimant to prove words uttered and capable of harming reputation — appellate re‑evaluation of evidence.
20 June 2017
Minister lawfully intervened under National Trade Policy to postpone chamber elections and address membership register deficiencies.
* Administrative law – judicial review – review of ministerial directives; * Ministerial powers – National Trade Policy as basis for intervention in trade-related associations; * Companies law – characterisation of company as public by operation of articles; * Corporate governance – absence of members register and electoral legitimacy; * Procedural fairness – stakeholder consultation and right to be heard.
20 June 2017
Recruitment started while a staff appeal was pending was unfair; tribunal ordered to determine the appeal within 45 days.
Administrative law – Judicial review of university recruitment – Fairness and legitimate expectation; Universities and Other Tertiary Institutions Act – Tribunal duty to determine staff appeals within 45 days; Court’s power to compel statutory bodies (mandamus); Interim injunction to prevent prejudice from premature recruitment.
16 June 2017
Registrar lacked jurisdiction to impose civil contempt sanctions; court corrected an overbroad order that unduly interfered with academic autonomy.
Administrative law — judicial review of university disciplinary action — natural justice and suspension — limits of judicial interference in university autonomy — Registrar’s jurisdiction in civil contempt — actus curiae neminem gravabit and service irregularity.
15 June 2017
Court found interdiction and hearing procedurally flawed but held termination lawful and dismissed the application with costs.
* Judicial review – employment discipline – illegality, procedural impropriety, irrationality. * Universities & Other Tertiary Institutions Act – powers of Vice‑Chancellor, Appointments Board and Council. * Natural justice – duty to disclose material and provide meaningful opportunity to be heard. * Fettering discretion – consultation versus abdication. * Bias – reasonable apprehension test and statutory composition of tribunals. * Remedies – discretionary refusal despite procedural defects; reinstatement not appropriate.
15 June 2017
Sale in execution not vitiated by legal assistant’s signature absent intent or proof of substantial injury.
Execution procedure – Order 22 r 8(2) CPR – signature by person "acquainted with facts"; Advocates Act ss.64–65–71 – impersonation requires mens rea; interpretation of modified prescribed forms; curable procedural irregularities; setting aside judicial sale requires proof of substantial injury.
15 June 2017
An arbitration clause required arbitration first, so the court stayed the summary suit and referred the parties to arbitration.
* Arbitration clause – contractual requirement to attempt amicable settlement then arbitration before resorting to courts – effect on jurisdiction and prematurity of suit. * Stay of proceedings – court to stay suit pending arbitration where parties agreed to arbitrate. * Alternative dispute resolution – constitutional duty to promote ADR (Article 126(2)(d)). * Summary suit – procedural requirement to honour agreed dispute resolution process before adjudication.
15 June 2017
Default judgment and execution set aside for ineffective service on the corporation; defendant granted leave to defend.
* Civil procedure – Default/ex parte judgment – Ineffective service of summons on a corporation where affidavit of service omits time, date, place and identity/position of person served – judgment and execution set aside ex debito justitiae. * Service on corporations – Order 29 r.2 – requirement to identify director, secretary or principal officer; functional test for principal officer. * Order 36 r.11 – court’s discretion to set aside decree, stay execution and grant leave to appear and defend; procedural directions and mediation.
15 June 2017
Plaintiff entitled to statutory wrongful-death claim; driver negligent, employer vicariously liable; damages and funeral costs awarded.
Law Reform Act (s.5) – wrongful act/neglect/default – survivability of tort claim; Negligence – loss of control after tyre burst on murram road; Vicarious liability – employer/owner liability for employee driver; Damages – loss of dependency, multiplier approach, funeral expenses.
14 June 2017
Civil court will not enjoin DPP‑sanctioned prosecutions or bar criminal trials based on alleged IGG irregularities.
Judicial review — Prosecutorial authority — Constitutional Court declarations on IGG’s prosecutorial powers — Effect on DPP-sanctioned prosecutions; Civil versus criminal jurisdiction — Prohibition on civil courts interfering with competent criminal proceedings; Forum shopping; Right to fair trial challenges to evidence obtained during alleged irregular IGG constitution.
13 June 2017
Whether respondents were eligible DP members and lawfully elected to party offices; court dismissed the challenge for lack of proof.
* Political parties – party membership – membership cards as prima facie evidence of membership. * Eligibility for party office – ‘‘active membership’’ requirement – burden to prove ineligibility. * Political Organisations Act – duty to elect party executive committees per Electoral Commission roadmap. * Constitutional jurisprudence on change of party affiliation applies to Members of Parliament, not to general party office contests. * Public interest litigation – no order as to costs.
8 June 2017
Registrar validly allowed plaintiff’s withdrawal; Order 25 r.1 mandates costs on withdrawal absent defendants’ consent.
Civil procedure – Withdrawal of suit – Order 25 r.1 CPR – mandatory award of costs on withdrawal; Registrar’s jurisdiction – Practice Direction No.1 of 2002; Procedure – notice in writing v. chamber summons (Order 25 r.7); Fair hearing – written submissions as adequate engagement.
7 June 2017
Court quashed a council minute and restrained the respondent from acting after finding procedural irregularity in the appointment process.
Judicial review — procedural impropriety and illegality in local council decision-making; evidentiary requirement for certified minutes; amendment of order of business; remedies — certiorari, prohibition, injunction; reliance on Public Service Commission correspondence.
7 June 2017
May 2017
Court orders district CAO to produce payment schedule, awards modest general damages, refuses punitive damages.
Public law – Mandamus – statutory duty of local government accounting officers to pay employee salaries and arrears; evidence of claims and administrative processing; damages – general damages for non-payment and requirement of proof for punitive/exemplary damages.
31 May 2017
Application for judicial review of an Inspectorate report dismissed for wrong party sued and no illegality, irrationality or procedural impropriety established.
Administrative law – judicial review – focus on decision-making process not merits; requirements: illegality, irrationality, procedural impropriety; proper respondent for government proceedings; Inspectorate of Government’s jurisdiction and report review; exhaustion of internal remedies.
31 May 2017
Execution stayed pending appeal, conditioned on deposit of full judgment sum and expedited prosecution of the appeal.
Stay of execution pending appeal — conditions for grant: arguable appeal, risk appeal rendered nugatory, provision of security; court should preserve status quo but avoid prejudging merits; diligence in prosecuting appeal; security to prevent delay tactics.
30 May 2017
Application for judicial review was time‑barred and inappropriate for challenging a private contractual tender award.
Judicial review – limitation period – Rule 5(1) Judicial Review Rules 2009; Extension of time – discretion requires good reason; Judicial review not appropriate for private contractual/procurement disputes; Certiorari available only to review public administrative decision‑making; Need to plead and produce records of the administrative decision/process being challenged.
23 May 2017
Appeal dismissed: land claim time‑barred under Limitation Act; attempted substitution of deceased appellant invalid without probate.
Civil procedure – substitution of deceased party – requirement for letters of probate/administration; Limitation Act – s.5 and s.6 – accrual of right on dispossession/discontinuance and strict application of 12‑year limitation; Pleading and proof – alleged disability (insurgency) must be pleaded and proved to suspend limitation; Appellate review – no miscarriage of justice where limitation is dispositive and evidence would not cure legal bar.
11 May 2017
Whether the company was the tenant and whether distress for rent was lawful; court found unlawful distress and awarded damages.
* Company law – separate legal personality – corporate tenant distinguished from director; dealings with managing director may still bind/relate to company. * Landlord and tenant law – distress for rent – statutory/common-law requirements (warrant specificity, inventory, marking, custody, and lawful procedure). * Tort/delict – unlawful interference, conversion and detention of chattels – damages (special and general) and interest. * Procedural – counterclaim dismissed where wrong party identified and claim not proved.
10 May 2017
Instructions to a law firm, not an individual advocate, determine locus to file and tax a bill of costs.
Advocates' instructions – instructions given to law firm, not individual partner; change of advocates – necessity and effect of notice of change; taxation of costs – Registrar cannot tax bill filed by firm without locus; partnership law – partners cannot unilaterally appropriate firm instructions.
6 May 2017
Failure to serve summons within prescribed time is a jurisdictional defect rendering the plaint incompetent and struck out.
* Civil procedure – mandatory service of summons to file defence – Order 5 r.1(2) CPR – 21-day rule; * Extension of time – must be applied for within 15 days after expiry, by summons in chambers supported by affidavit; * Jurisdiction – non-service is a fundamental defect not cured by Article 126(2)(e); * Waiver – requires appearance/filing of defence; * Evidence – affidavit of service and pursuit of default judgment important.
5 May 2017
The publication falsely depicted the Plaintiff as financially irresponsible and tarnished his reputation, leading to damages and injunction.
Defamation – Libel – False publication – Reputational damage – Damages and injunction issued against Defendants
4 May 2017
HR|Dignity and honour and reputation
4 May 2017
April 2017
Leave granted to bring a representative suit; mandatory personal-service notice and specified content required.
Civil procedure – Representative suits – Order 1 rule 8(1) – Mandatory court-directed notice – Personal service where practicable – Required contents of notice.
27 April 2017
Enlargement of time granted where counsel’s omission caused delay and applicant instructed timely; appeal to be prosecuted under conditions.
Civil procedure – extension of time to appeal – sufficient reason/good cause – neglect by counsel – client not to be penalised for counsel’s omission where applicant instructed in time – balancing access to justice and finality of litigation – land dispute.
27 April 2017
27 April 2017
25 April 2017
Service on an unspecified 'administrator' is not service on a principal officer; an ensuing ex-parte judgment is irregular and set aside.
* Civil procedure – Service on corporations – Order 29 r.2(a) – Service must be on secretary, director or proven principal officer who performs substantial executive/managerial functions. * Default judgments – Irregular default judgment obtained without proper service – set aside ex debito justitiae. * Setting aside ex-parte decree – requirement to disclose functional status of person served.
24 April 2017