HC: Civil Division (Uganda)

The Civil Division is a division of the high court. It's functions include: Hearing appeal cases from the Magistrates' courts in connection with torts committed against the person, Defamation, Bankruptcy and company winding up matters, Partnership matters,Companies matters, Real and personal property.

Physical address
Twed towers, along Kafu Road, Nakasero.
227 judgments
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227 judgments
Citation
Judgment date
December 2017
Ex parte decree and consequent sale void for lack of jurisdiction and serious execution irregularities; title restored to appellant.
Civil procedure – joinder of parties under s.98 CPA – parties with proprietary interest must be heard; Setting aside ex parte decree – O.9 r.27 CPR – summons not duly served and mistake/negligence of counsel/clerk can be sufficient cause; Jurisdiction – employment disputes fall within Employment Act procedures (s.93) – not properly heard as summary suit; Execution and sale of immovable property – CPA s.48 and CPR Order 22 (service, deposit of duplicate certificate, advertising, public auction, remittance of proceeds) – failure renders sale void ab initio; Registrar of Titles – issuance/cancellation of special certificate where court procedures not followed; Remedies – quashing of void judgment and restoration of title; restitution between purchasers and judgment creditor.
22 December 2017
Failure to give adequate reasons for taxation of costs renders awards invalid and mandates re-taxation inter partes.
Costs – Taxation of costs – Duty of Taxing Officer to give intelligible reasons – Taxation conducted without adequate explanation or certification – Prejudice to judgment debtor – Awards set aside and remit for fresh taxation inter partes.
21 December 2017
Claim for compensation barred by ex turpi causa where underlying sale and transfer were annulled for fraud.
* Property law – foreclosure sale annulled for fraud – transfer cancelled where purchaser and bank implicated in dishonest transaction * Civil liability – ex turpi causa non oritur actio – claim barred when cause of action arises from illegal or immoral transaction * Remedies – inability to recover purchase price, renovation costs or consequential losses when claim depends on tainted transaction * Costs – where both parties guilty of misconduct, court may order each to bear own costs
21 December 2017
Judicial review inappropriate for employment termination; Minister was the decision‑maker, CAA not liable; application struck out.
Judicial review — Appropriate forum — Employment dispute vs administrative decision — Cause of action — Ministerial decision under s.146(6) Civil Aviation Authority Act — Civil Aviation Authority not liable for Minister’s termination decision — Remedies for alleged breach of employment contract require ordinary suit.
21 December 2017
A trial court may amend issues before decree and summon an amicus only within strict neutral, non-evidentiary limits.
Civil procedure – role and limits of amicus curiae; recall of witnesses (Order 18 r.13) – cannot call witnesses who have not testified; framing and amendment of issues (Order 15 r.3 and r.5(1)) – court may add issues before decree but must afford parties opportunity and allow fresh evidence if necessary; trial court discretion and supervisory jurisdiction.
21 December 2017
An unexplained taxation award of costs is unlawful and must be set aside for fresh taxation with reasons.
* Taxation of costs – discretion of Taxing Officer – appellate interference only in exceptional cases where wrong principle or manifest excess/deficiency. * Duty to give reasons – Taxing Officer must provide sufficient reasons to enable scrutiny and appeal. * Unreasoned taxation rulings may be set aside where they cause substantial prejudice.
21 December 2017
SRPS officer’s negligent shooting established; Attorney General vicariously liable, URA not liable; damages awarded.
* Tort — Negligence by law enforcement — use of deadly force; Res ipsa loquitur applies where instrument under officer’s control causes harm. * Vicarious liability — superior-subordinate effective control test; state liable for SRPS acts, URA not liable. * Damages — proof and assessment of special and general damages; exemplary damages require aggravating conduct.
21 December 2017
Section 291 allows review only of registrar decisions on rectification of the register; absent that, the High Court lacked jurisdiction.
* Companies Act 2012 s291 – court review limited to decisions concerning rectification of the register of companies; * Registrar of Companies s247 – limits and lack of express appeal/remedy; * Jurisdiction – High Court cannot review Registrar decisions under s291 where matter is not direct rectification; * Abuse of court process – filing a review after an unsuccessful appeal is not necessarily abusive.
20 December 2017
Application for security for costs dismissed where respondent showed a prima facie case and inability to pay was not established.
Security for costs – O.26 CPR and Companies Act s.284 – discretionary relief – requires prima facie assessment on pleadings and affidavits – mere lack of knowledge of plaintiff's assets insufficient – prior non‑compliance with court orders relevant to discretion.
20 December 2017
Tribunal erred by applying parking-operator rotation policy retrospectively and failing to give adequate reasons; PPDA decision restored.
Public procurement — selective bidding and qualification requirements; policy on rotation of park operators — prospective application only; experience requirement — bidder’s onus to prove at technical evaluation; administrative review tribunal — duty to give adequate reasons; interim measures during review — permissible where not unlawful; costs in merits review — ordinarily not awarded without reasons and opportunity to be heard.
14 December 2017
Revision dismissed: High Court holds revisional power limited to jurisdictional irregularities; factual or legal errors require appeal.
Revision – scope of High Court revisional powers under s.83 Civil Procedure Act; not a substitute for appeal where complaints concern conclusions of fact or law – Jurisdiction of LC I over land matters pre‑2006 – Procedural defects in inferior court records (unsigned/undated/stamped) and execution procedural irregularities.
14 December 2017
Plaintiff entitled to refund and interest-based general damages for defendant's failure to supply goods or repay funds.
* Contract law – breach of distributorship agreement – entitlement to repayment of funds where goods not supplied. * Damages – restitutio in integrum; measure of general damages for delayed repayment assessed by profit/interest on withheld funds. * Remoteness – Hadley v. Baxendale tests for recoverable losses. * Procedure – plaintiff retains burden of proof even where defendant does not file a defence. * Interest – courts may award just and reasonable post-judgment interest to protect against inflation and currency depreciation.
14 December 2017
Court reduced a manifestly excessive one‑day taxed advocates' costs from UGX 9,307,000 to UGX 800,000.
Advocates' costs – taxation – manifestly excessive award – appellate review under s.62 Advocates Act – improper inclusion of air ticket, inflated hourly rates, clerk and witness allowances – courts may disregard prolix submissions and correct taxation errors.
13 December 2017
Court appoints applicant as manager after finding respondent of unsound mind and incapable of managing his affairs.
Mental capacity – person of unsound mind – test: incapable of managing himself and his affairs (Whysall; Re Cathcart) – burden on applicant to prove on balance of probabilities – appointment of manager of estate under Administration of Estates of Persons of Unsound Mind Act – requirement of medical evidence and procedural rules – bond and restrictions on manager – inventory and reporting obligations.
7 December 2017
A defamation plaint must plead the exact words complained of and state the plaintiff’s residence; failure to do so led to rejection.
Defamation — Pleading requirements — Exact words complained of must be pleaded verbatim; annexures do not cure omission — Civil Procedure Rules Order 7 rule 1(b) — requirement to state plaintiff’s place of residence and address for service — plaint rejected.
6 December 2017
Court validated an out-of-time appeal against Taxing Officer awards where parties were not notified and sufficient cause existed.
Civil procedure – extension of time to appeal – Appeal from Taxing Officer under s.62 Advocates Act – statutory thirty-day limit – inherent jurisdiction to extend time – sufficient cause where parties not notified of taxation – advocate negligence as potential sufficient cause – balancing access to justice and finality.
1 December 2017
1 December 2017
1 December 2017
November 2017
Stay of execution denied where applicant failed to show substantial loss and children’s welfare prevailed.
Civil procedure – Stay of execution pending appeal – Order 43 Rule 4(3) CPR; requirement to show substantial loss, no unreasonable delay, and security; welfare of children paramount in family property disputes; notice of appeal not automatically sufficient to stay execution.
30 November 2017
Beneficiaries can sue without letters of administration, but recovery claims for land remain subject to limitation and possession rules.
• Succession and locus standi – Beneficiary of intestate estate may sue to protect estate interests without prior letters of administration; section 191 procedural not absolute bar. • Limitation – Recovery of land claims subject to 12‑year period; trespass is possessory and may be continuous but does not revive extinguished proprietary claims. • Pleading – Trespass requires pleading actual possession; failure to plead possession defeats a trespass cause of action. • Jurisdiction – Proceedings of a court without jurisdiction (L.C.III acting as court of first instance) are nullities and cannot toll limitation.
30 November 2017
Appellant’s proved purchase established ownership; trial court’s contrary finding was set aside and costs awarded.
Land – acquisition by purchase – validity of sale agreement and corroborating oral evidence – re‑evaluation of evidence on appeal – locus in quo and sketch map – misdirection by trial court – wetlands management by NEMA and effect on private rights.
30 November 2017
Whether employment transmitted to new district and prolonged suspension without procedure constituted constructive dismissal.
Employment law – transmission of public service contracts on creation of new local government; constructive dismissal – prolonged administrative suspension without interdiction or prompt disciplinary process; jurisdiction – High Court may hear complex employment disputes; remedies – reinstatement vs damages; employer’s duty to act fairly in suspension procedures.
30 November 2017
Closure of defence was proper where defendants’ inordinate delay and abuse of process frustrated a fair, speedy civil trial.
Civil procedure — Closure of defence under Order 17 r.4 CPR; fair and speedy trial — article 28(1) Constitution; abuse of process/warehousing of litigation; presumptive two‑year ceiling for timely civil trials; revision jurisdiction under s.83 Civil Procedure Act; stay of execution pending revision.
27 November 2017
Attachment set aside where objectors proved constructive possession and beneficial interest in the disputed land.
* Civil procedure – Objector proceedings (Order 22, Order 52) – focus on possession not title – tests for setting aside attachment. * Execution – Attachment and sale of land – co-ownership and attachment for a co-owner’s debt. * Possession – constructive possession by rent collection and eviction sufficient to defeat attachment. * Civil Procedure Act s.44 (property liable to attachment) and s.27(2) (costs discretion).
27 November 2017
23 November 2017
Application for judicial review dismissed as time‑barred and defective for seeking representative relief without court permission.
* Judicial review – time limit – Rule 5 Judicature (Judicial Review) Rules – three months and court’s discretion to extend time. * Representative proceedings – Order 1 r.8 CPR – permission and notice required before suing on behalf of unnamed persons. * Administrative law – certiorari and mandamus – procedural compliance necessary for remedies against public bodies.
22 November 2017
Whether splitting an omnibus bill of costs and an order for adjournment costs was lawful given a delayed written ruling.
* Civil procedure – taxation of costs – propriety of omnibus bill of costs – splitting bill so each court taxes costs relating to its proceedings.* Civil procedure – costs – order for costs for adjournment – impact of delayed written ruling on fairness of costs order.* Advocates Act s.62 and Advocates (Taxation of Costs) (Appeals and References) Regulations – appeals from Registrar’s taxation directions.
22 November 2017
High Court lacked jurisdiction to set aside a sale in execution; executing court must determine execution-related disputes.
Execution proceedings – Section 34(1) Civil Procedure Act – questions relating to execution, discharge or satisfaction of a decree to be determined by executing court; High Court supervisory powers not a basis to usurp executing court’s jurisdiction; res judicata raised but not decided.
22 November 2017
Leave to file a fresh bankruptcy petition refused after applicant’s inaction and failure to set aside earlier dismissal amounted to abuse of process.
Bankruptcy — leave to file fresh petition — dismissal for want of prosecution — sufficiency of cause for non-appearance — failure to apply to set aside dismissal — abuse of court process.
21 November 2017
Employer vicariously liable for employee’s negligent driving; special and general damages awarded, exemplary damages refused.
Tort — Motor accidents — Negligence by bus driver — Vicarious liability of employer for acts of employee in course of employment; Contributory negligence — passenger not liable where not in control of motorcycle; Special damages — oral evidence may suffice where receipts are lacking; Exemplary damages — not available absent malicious or grossly reckless conduct.
16 November 2017
IGG directives during investigation justified the respondent board’s rescission and lawful extension of the managing director’s probation.
Administrative law – judicial review – prerogative orders (certiorari, mandamus, injunction); Inspectorate of Government – power to issue directions during investigations (Article 230(2); s.14(6) Inspectorate of Government Act); corporate governance – board’s statutory power to appoint/discipline staff (s.7(d) Uganda Printing & Publishing Corporation Act); contract law – effectivity of termination and lawful extension of probationary terms.
16 November 2017
A licensed distributor's failure to maintain overhead lines caused a fire; defendant liable and plaintiffs awarded damages.
Electricity/distribution — statutory duty of licensed distributor to maintain overhead lines — negligent maintenance causing fire — causation and foreseeability — contributory negligence burden on defendant — assessment and reduction of claimed losses.
15 November 2017
The applicant accepted the respondent’s part-payment; court found probable arson and dismissed further damages claim.
Tenancy – existence and duration of tenancy agreement; Implied tenant obligations – duty to keep premises in tenantable condition; Fire damage – causation and liability where initial investigations indicate arson; Settlement and waiver – acceptance of part-payment as discharge of further claims; Remedies – dismissal where defendant not shown to be liable.
14 November 2017
Appellate court upholds written sale agreement over conflicting oral testimony, dismissing appeal and awarding costs to respondent.
Evidence Act, ss.91–92 – written contract prevails; oral evidence inadmissible to vary written terms – signature and corroboration – sale vs. loan – judicial evaluation of documentary evidence and consent settlement.
14 November 2017
10 November 2017
Civil Procedure
9 November 2017
Civil Procedure
8 November 2017
A licensed school’s disciplinary suspension without informing or hearing the student breached the right to a fair hearing and was quashed.
* Administrative law – Judicial review – School disciplinary decisions by licensed school management committees are amenable to judicial review under the Education Act. * Natural justice – Fair hearing – Suspension without being informed of allegations or given an opportunity to be heard breaches Article 28(3). * Evidence – Unsigned/unworn hearsay insufficient to support disciplinary sanctions. * Remedies – Certiorari/mandamus/prohibition appropriate; general damages discretionary.
7 November 2017
Administrative Law|Constitutional Law|Human Rights|Substantive rights
7 November 2017
Civil Procedure
1 November 2017
October 2017
Contract Law
31 October 2017
The applicant's challenge to the traditional leader's suspension of the Tooro Constitution and appointment of a prime minister was dismissed.
Constitutional law – traditional/cultural institutions – authority of traditional leader to suspend or review sub-national constitutions; Relationship between national Constitution (Art. 246) and customary/kingdom constitutions; Validity of appointments by traditional leaders and role of approving assembly; Remedies and costs in disputes involving cultural institutions.
31 October 2017
Contract Law
31 October 2017
Plaintiff’s premature rescission failed; written lease barred oral occupation date, but defendant’s clear admission warranted recovery of the advance rent.
Tenancy law – written lease silent on date of possession – parol evidence inadmissible to add term – implication of terms only if necessary to give business efficacy – time not of the essence absent express term or clear surrounding circumstances – reasonable time and notice required before making time of essence – suit premature; judgment on clear admission to refund advance payment.
30 October 2017
Successful plaintiff awarded costs but reduced by 20% due to late compromise; no disentitling misconduct proved.
Civil Procedure Act s27 — costs follow the event; discretion to depart where special circumstances or misconduct proved; late compromise may justify reduction of costs; relevance of pre- or post-litigation conduct to costs.
27 October 2017
A Grade One Magistrate exceeded pecuniary jurisdiction and proceeded against a deceased defendant, rendering the judgment a nullity.
Civil procedure – Revision under S.83 CPA – Magistrate exercising jurisdiction not vested (pecuniary limit) – Judgment nullity. Succession law – Suit against deceased defendant – necessity to strike out or substitute – suit as nullity. Locus standi – lineal descendant/beneficiary may protect estate interests without letters of administration. Court discretion – admitting affidavit in reply filed out of time in interests of justice.
27 October 2017
Law Council unlawfully barred graduates from accredited universities from sitting pre-entry Bar exams; UAOTI/NCHE regulates undergraduate law programmes.
* Administrative law – judicial review – illegality, procedural impropriety and irrationality – law council’s decision quashed for being arbitrary. * Education law – accreditation – undergraduate law programmes regulated by UAOTI Act/NCHE; Law Council’s role is consultative for accreditation and supervisory for professional legal education. * Professional legal education – Advocates Act governs professional requirements and Bar Course examinations but cannot negate valid NCHE accreditation. * Remedies – certiorari, permanent injunction, framework for consultation, and general damages awarded to affected graduates.
26 October 2017
Hospital liable for negligent intra‑operative management causing brain death; damages awarded to dependants.
* Medical negligence – breach of duty where vital signs not monitored and pulse oximeter not attached before incision; failed intubation mismanaged. * Causation – intra‑operative negligence causing hypoxia and brain death held an operating and substantial cause of death. * Informed consent – generic consent form did not establish specific informed consent to the risk that materialised. * Damages – assessment of loss of dependency, multiplier and apportionment among dependants; award of special damages, interest and costs.
26 October 2017
Temporary injunction improper where obstructing wall was already completed and damages were an adequate remedy.
Civil procedure – Temporary injunctions: requirements of irreparable injury, prima facie case and balance of convenience; preservation of status quo; adequacy of damages where obstructing structure already erected; access to property.
24 October 2017
Specific performance ordered to require restoration of land after murram excavation; alternatively Shs. 12,000,000 damages.
Contract law – breach of excavation/restoration clause – specific performance vs damages – assessment of reasonable cost of reinstatement – evidentiary weight of unsworn valuation.
12 October 2017