HC: Civil Division (Uganda)

The Civil Division is a division of the high court. It's functions include: Hearing appeal cases from the Magistrates' courts in connection with torts committed against the person, Defamation, Bankruptcy and company winding up matters, Partnership matters,Companies matters, Real and personal property.

Physical address
Twed towers, along Kafu Road, Nakasero.
25 judgments
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25 judgments
Citation
Judgment date
October 2016
The respondent’s report to police did not make her liable for false imprisonment once detention was justified and settled.
Tort — False imprisonment; cause of action requires proof of detention; once detention is proved, defendant must show justification; complainant’s report to police does not automatically render complainant liable for police arrests; appellate reappraisal of evidence where lower court’s factual findings are challenged.
28 October 2016
Defendant vicariously liable for bus driver’s negligence; proved medical and general damages awarded, exemplary damages disallowed.
* Tort – Negligence – Road traffic accident – vicarious liability of vehicle owner for driver’s negligence – res ipsa loquitur applied due to absence of defence. * Damages – Special damages must be specifically pleaded and strictly proved; only proved medical bills and police report fee allowed; lump sum awarded for transport/accommodation. * Damages – General damages awarded for pain, suffering and reduced earning capacity; future earnings not proved. * Exemplary/aggravated damages – disallowed for lack of evidence of wanton or deliberate conduct.
28 October 2016
The applicant withdrew the appeal as execution had issued, and the court ordered the appeal withdrawn with each party to bear its own costs.
Civil procedure – Appeal withdrawn by consent – Application overtaken by events where execution issued prior to disposal – Parties agree each bears own costs – Court accepts withdrawal and orders no costs.
27 October 2016
Court may set aside an Order 17 Rule 6 dismissal via inherent jurisdiction if two‑year inactivity hadn't elapsed.
Civil procedure – dismissal for inactivity – Order 17 Rule 6 CPR – two‑year inactivity period – inherent jurisdiction under section 98 to set aside dismissals – Rawal v Mombasa Hardware; Adonia v Mutekanga – reinstatement of suit – costs to abide outcome.
27 October 2016
Appeal allowed where vendor’s testimony and dubious sale agreement undermined respondent’s title and trespass finding.
* Land law – ownership disputes – question of title where sale agreement authenticity is disputed; vendor's testimony and boundary re-demarcation material to ownership determination. * Evidence – appellate re-appraisal of oral and documentary evidence (save for demeanour); weight to vendor's testimony. * Procedure – locus in quo evidence and proper recording/cross-examination of locus witnesses. * Remedies – reversal of trespass finding where trial court mis-evaluated key evidence.
27 October 2016
High Court set aside ex parte judgment for failure to determine issues and appearance by unqualified advocate, ordering retrial.
Revision (s.83 Civil Procedure Act) – exercise of revisionary jurisdiction; default/determination under Order 17 r.3/4 – need to consider evidence and determine issues; reasoned judgment – Order 9 r.10 compliance; advocates Act – appearance without practising certificate renders proceedings and documents invalid; retrial ordered; interlocutory orders stayed.
27 October 2016
Plaintiffs lacked standing, omitted necessary parties, and used the wrong procedure to challenge a court‑sanctioned compromise, so the suit was struck out.
Civil procedure – Joinder of necessary parties – Attorney General and beneficiaries to a court‑sanctioned compromise must be joined where their rights will be affected; Representative actions – O.1 r.8 – persons represented are bound by compromises entered by their authorized representatives; Res judicata – issues previously decided in former proceedings bar re‑litigation; Consent judgments/compromises – court orders which must be challenged by appeal, review or set‑aside (O.9) not by fresh suit; Forum and procedure – functus officio and proper post‑judgment remedies (appeal, review, taxation procedures).
27 October 2016
Admission in defence and annexed letter established liability for pre-gazette developments; quantum deferred pending valuation.
Civil procedure – Judgment on admission (O.13 r6) – Requirement of clear and unambiguous admission; Compensation for compulsory acquisition – liability admitted for developments existing before gazette date; Quantum deferred pending valuation report.
26 October 2016
Court joined a government authority as defendant and refused a third‑party notice against an estate administrator.
Third‑party notice — O.1 r.14 CPR — requirement of a direct claim to contribution or indemnity; Joinder of necessary parties — O.1 r.10(2) CPR — court may join a party necessary for effective and complete adjudication; Nexus to land compensation and relocation justifies joinder; Ex parte applications — costs ordinarily awarded against the applicant.
20 October 2016
High Court may not call up or transfer a matter originally filed in a court lacking jurisdiction; jurisdictional defects are fatal.
* Civil procedure – Transfer/withdrawal of proceedings – Section 18(1) Civil Procedure Act – limits where originating court lacked jurisdiction. * Jurisdiction – Fundamental question of law – jurisdictional defects not cured by transfer or counsel’s error. * Election law – jurisdiction over LCIII chairperson election petitions vested in High Court; filing in subordinate court is a nullity.
20 October 2016
Application to set aside ex parte judgment dismissed for inordinate delay, lack of prima facie defence and failure to prove duress.
* Civil procedure – setting aside ex parte judgment – Order 9 r.27 – requirement of timely application, proof of non-service or sufficient cause, and prima facie defence. * Service – service on counsel constitutes service on party; negligence of counsel not automatically imputed. * Contract/consent judgments – duress (imprisonment) requires proof of involuntariness, protest, lack of alternatives and prompt action to rescind. * Evidence – res ipsa loquitur and police sketch plan as basis for inference of negligence.
20 October 2016
Appellants’ cattle held liable for crop damage; special damages and costs upheld on adequate evidence.
* Civil procedure – first appeal as re-trial – appellate evaluation of factual findings and witness credibility * Tort/delict – trespass by cattle – liability for crop damage * Damages – special damages must be pleaded and proved; assessment by Agricultural Officer admissible * Costs – costs follow the event; no mandatory notice of intention to sue required in the circumstances
18 October 2016
Court entered default judgment under Order 9 Rule 6 after sufficient service and the defendant’s failure to file a defence.
* Civil Procedure – Order 9 Rule 6 – Default judgment for liquidated demand where defendant fails to file a defence – substituted service as sufficient proof of service. * Service – substituted service and multiple attempts – affidavit of service as compliance with Order 9 Rule 5. * Remedies – award of principal, interest, general damages and costs on default judgment.
18 October 2016
An appellant may be held vicariously liable for his driver’s negligence even if vicarious liability was not specifically pleaded, absent failure of justice.
* Civil procedure – adequacy of grounds of appeal – Order 43 Rules 1 & 2 – vague and conclusory grounds liable to be struck out. * Tort – negligence – vicarious liability – master liable for servant’s acts done in course of employment even if contrary to orders. * Pleadings – departure from pleadings – evidence departing from pleadings not fatal where no failure of justice; matter may be decided on merits.
18 October 2016
Advisory Land Committee members lacked sufficient legal interest for joinder; application denied and costs awarded to respondent.
* Civil procedure – Joinder of parties – Order 1 rr.1,10(2) & 13 CPR – Requirements for adding parties to suit. * Land law – District Land Committees – advisory role under s.64 Land Act – not corporate and lack capacity to be sued. * Joinder – necessity to enable efficient and complete adjudication – absence of direct legal interest precludes addition. * Procedural – ex parte application – unsuccessful applicants ordered to pay costs.
18 October 2016
Appellant who agreed to repair vehicle to roadworthy standard liable for pre-collision value less repaired value; mitigation reduced general damages.
Tort – negligent driving – contractual memorandum to repair – estoppel; expert valuation of motor vehicle; special damages calculation (pre-collision value less post-repair value); mitigation of loss and deduction of offered payment; appellate re-evaluation of evidence.
14 October 2016
Council irrationally ignored statutory internship committee’s clearance; mandamus and damages granted for unfair administrative action.
* Administrative law – judicial review – decisions that are illegal, irrational, or procedurally improper are reviewable; * Statutory committees – National Internship Committee’s certification binds the appointing Council and may estop the Council from denying its clearance; * Estoppel – public body estopped from contradicting its agent’s representation; * Remedies – mandamus to compel registration; damages for unfair administrative treatment; * Joinder – public officer properly joined where malice or abuse of office is pleaded.
14 October 2016
A High Court appeal must be commenced by a memorandum; time excluded under s.79(2) requires proof when the certified record was availed.
Civil procedure – Appeals – Time limits – Section 79 Civil Procedure Act and Order 43 CPR – memorandum of appeal required to commence High Court appeal – notice of appeal and provisional memorandum do not suffice – exclusion of time under s.79(2) requires proof of when certified record was availed – court’s discretion under s.79(1)(b) to admit appeal for good cause.
13 October 2016
Words imputing witchcraft to the respondent were defamatory and actionable per se; appeal dismissed with costs.
Defamation – Slander – Imputation of witchcraft; whether words were defamatory and referred to plaintiff; publication to third parties; actionable per se (Witchcraft Act); presumption of general damages; appellate interference with quantum.
13 October 2016
Execution of a compensation order while the related appeal is pending violated section 197(3) and justified quashing the committal order.
* Criminal law – Enforcement of compensation orders – section 197(3) Magistrates Courts Act prohibits payment or execution before appeal determination. * Procedure – Distress and committal – section 183 requires warrant of distress and return of insufficiency before committal. * Revision – High Court’s power under section 50(1) Criminal Procedure Code Act to quash unlawful execution. * Court’s inherent powers – imposing time limits to prevent abuse and undue delay in prosecution of appeals.
13 October 2016
Res judicata inapplicable where earlier suit was dismissed on preliminary points; appellant’s trespass claim against respondent is maintainable.
Res judicata — requires previous decision on the merits; Dismissal on preliminary points not a bar; Joint tortfeasor — renting/letting land can disclose cause of action; Limitation — cause of action accrues on adverse possession and continuing trespass accrues separately; Pleadings — strike out/amendment preferred to summary dismissal where triable issues exist.
13 October 2016
An application to tax an advocate/client bill may proceed despite imperfect service if the statutory protective purpose was effectively achieved and no prejudice resulted.
* Advocates Act (s57, s58) – service and delivery of advocate/client bill of costs – purpose vs strict compliance. * Procedure – whether non‑compliance with service requirements bars taxation proceedings. * Taxation – distinction between an application to tax an advocate/client bill and a suit to recover costs; factual disputes on payment for resolution by the Taxing Officer. * Client protection – statutory thirty day opportunity to negotiate or seek taxation and assessment of prejudice from non‑compliance.
13 October 2016
Appellants failed to rebut respondent’s inheritance claim; trial court correctly found trespass and properly conducted locus inspection.
* Land law – ownership by inheritance – proof on balance of probabilities to establish title to unregistered land * Tort – trespass to land – entry and cultivation without consent constitutes trespass * Evidence – credibility findings and weight of evidence on appeal; appellate court may reassess but give due regard to trial court * Procedure – inspection of locus in quo: permissible for understanding evidence, must not introduce fresh unrecorded observations * Limitation and bona fide occupancy – applicability to unregistered land and timing of pleas
13 October 2016
Chief Magistrate acted ultra vires; only High Court may set aside Magistrate Grade One judicial orders.
Magistrates Courts Act s.221 — limits of Chief Magistrate supervisory powers; Civil Procedure Act s.83 — High Court revision jurisdiction; illegality and ultra vires acts; civil committal — no power for Chief Magistrate to release civil debtor; article 126(2)(e) — substantive justice over technicalities.
6 October 2016
Appellant's challenge fails: trial's trespass and boundary findings upheld; locus in quo proper and appeal time-barred.
* Land law – trespass and boundary disputes – determination of boundary by evidence of customary boundary marks (trees) and preponderance of probabilities. * Evidence – appellate re-evaluation of credibility and weight of oral testimony. * Civil procedure – locus in quo inspections; purpose, limits and parties’ duty to procure witnesses. * Civil procedure – timeliness of appeals under section 79; incompetence where filed out of time without extension.
6 October 2016