HC: Civil Division (Uganda)

The Civil Division is a division of the high court. It's functions include: Hearing appeal cases from the Magistrates' courts in connection with torts committed against the person, Defamation, Bankruptcy and company winding up matters, Partnership matters,Companies matters, Real and personal property.

Physical address
Twed towers, along Kafu Road, Nakasero.
145 judgments
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145 judgments
Citation
Judgment date
December 2016
Judicial review dismissed: district origin lawfully interpreted to include parents' birthplace; verification process valid.
Administrative law – Judicial review – Amenability of verification exercise to review; Public education policy – District quota eligibility – Meaning and application of "district of origin"; Administrative fairness – Relevant and irrelevant considerations; Joinder of parties – Correct parties to verification process.
24 December 2016
A civil court will not overturn a completed criminal conviction as contempt; the proper remedy is appeal and proper parties must be sued.
Contempt of court — interim injunctions in criminal proceedings — enforceability where trial court has already delivered judgment — civil court should not review criminal conviction; remedy is appeal — corporate status of Inspector General of Government.
23 December 2016
Court reviewed omission to give reasons on costs, exercised discretion and ordered no costs in the main suit; each party to bear own costs.
Costs—discretion under Section 27(2) CPA; Review—error apparent on the face of the record for omission to give reasons; Remedy—review vs appeal; Costs not awarded where suit did not take off and costs were not prayed for.
21 December 2016
Court quashed inquiry findings against contractors for errors of fact/law and denial of a fair hearing.
* Commission of Inquiry – amenable to judicial review where acting ultra vires, irrationally, or in breach of natural justice * Administrative law – error of fact and error of law vitiating findings * Natural justice – audi alteram partem; right to fair hearing and meaningful opportunity to explain * Irrationality – decisions unsupported by evidence and speculative conclusions * Remedies – certiorari and prohibition to quash and restrain unlawful Commission findings
21 December 2016
Court found the defendant liable for the accident and awarded reduced special damages, general damages, interest and costs.
* Motor-vehicle collisions – liability – prior criminal findings and admissions as evidence of causation. * Special damages – requirement of specific pleading and proof; oral evidence and photographs may suffice but awards may be adjusted when documentary proof is deficient. * General damages – compensatory award for inconvenience arising from negligence. * Exemplary damages – not awarded where prior punitive sanction considered sufficient. * Interest and costs – interest at 20% from filing and costs awarded to plaintiffs.
20 December 2016
A dismissal under Order 17 and section 17(2)(a) is a final order and can only be set aside on appeal.
Civil procedure – Order 17 CPR – dismissal for delay – finality of dismissal under Order 17 and section 17(2)(a) Judicature Act; reinstatement – jurisdiction of trial court to reopen dismissed suits; appeal as proper remedy.
16 December 2016
15 December 2016
Applicants entitled to monetary refund and damages after respondent delivered only part of contracted land.
* Contract law – sale of land – formation and breach – delivery of less land than contracted (182 ha delivered of 259 ha) leading to breach. * Remedies – specific performance vs restitution/monetary compensation where defendant lacks available land. * Evidence/Illiterates Protection Act – Act does not invalidate admitted written agreement; representative signing suffices for locus. * Damages – award of special and general damages, commercial interest on monetary refund, costs follow the event.
15 December 2016
A caveat on a director’s personal land cannot secure a company’s taxed debt without first lifting the corporate veil.
* Company law – separate legal personality – director’s personal assets cannot be charged for company debts without lifting the corporate veil (s.20 Companies Act 2012). * Civil procedure – interim relief – prerequisites for temporary injunction: substantial question, irreparable harm, balance of convenience. * Caveat/land registration – caveat improperly placed on personal property to secure corporate liability is unlawful and cannot be preserved by injunction.
13 December 2016
Amendment to judicial review motion refused where it changed the cause of action and prejudiced the respondent's defence.
Judicial review — Amendment of motion (Rule 7 Judicial Review Rules 2009) — Amendments permitted but cannot substitute a distinct cause of action or prejudice respondent’s defences — Amendments should relate to matters arising within Rule 5 filing period.
12 December 2016
Applicant failed to prove real risk of asset dissipation or meet disclosure and undertaking requirements for pre-judgment attachment.
Civil procedure – attachment before judgment (Mareva injunction) – requirements: good arguable case; real risk of dissipation; full and frank disclosure in ex parte applications; cross-undertaking in damages; proportionality and alternative enforcement in foreign jurisdiction (reciprocal enforcement).
10 December 2016
Judicial review inappropriate for wrongful dismissal where an adequate alternative remedy (ordinary suit) exists.
* Administrative law – Judicial review vs ordinary suit – wrongful dismissal typically remedied by ordinary action where alternative remedy exists * Prerogative orders – certiorari, prohibition, injunction – discretionary and sparingly granted * Natural justice – summoned employee’s non-attendance relevant to merits but does not necessarily convert dispute into judicial review * Requirement to show absence or ineffectiveness of alternative remedies before granting prerogative relief
9 December 2016
Failure to appeal a cooperative arbitral award within statutory time renders it final and enforceable as a court judgment.
* Cooperative Societies Act s73 – disputes between society and member subject to Arbitration; appeals to the Board within 60 days; unappealed awards final and enforceable as court judgments. * Civil Procedure Act s83 – revision of Magistrates' Court proceedings does not extend to reviewing arbitral awards under s73. * Procedure – proof of service and failure to set aside or appeal arbitral award bars collateral attack during enforcement.
9 December 2016
An applicant must show prima facie success and irreparable harm to restrain a mortgagee’s sale; delay alone is insufficient.
* Mortgage law – interlocutory injunction – applicant must show prima facie case and irreparable harm to restrain mortgagee sale. * Interpretation of Mortgage Rules 2012, Regulation 13(1) – applies to adjournment of sale, not a general deposit requirement for injunctions. * Procedural compliance – question whether statutory notices were given considered but primary dispute was method of sale (private treaty v public auction). * Abuse of process – using injunction to buy time to find a private buyer is impermissible.
8 December 2016
Applicant's challenge to revoked promotion fails: flawed selection justified rescission; application dismissed with costs.
Administrative law – judicial review – promotions in public service – requirement for transparent, merit‑based selection procedures – supervisory role of Public Service Commission; Duty to act fairly in administrative decisions (distinct from full audi alteram partem); Certiorari/prohibition/injunction not available where flawed process justified rescission and no evidence of unfair/punitive posting.
8 December 2016
Applicant granted leave to defend disputed supply claims, but judgment entered for admitted UGX 29,478,100 against the applicant.
* Civil procedure – Order 36 r 4 – leave to appear and defend – requirement of a triable issue as to fact or law. * Civil procedure – Order 13 r 6 – judgment on admission – admission must be clear, unequivocal and unconditional. * Evidence Act s.57 – court’s discretion to require proof of admitted facts; not exercised where admission is categorical. * Contract/supply disputes – triable issues as to delivery, volume and valuation of goods.
8 December 2016
Defendant breached the contract; plaintiff awarded adjusted unpaid sums, general damages, interest and costs after unchallenged ex parte hearing.
Contract law – Breach of contract for non‑payment; ex parte proceedings where defendant failed to appear; reliance on unchallenged plaintiff evidence and independent engineer’s report to quantify sums due; awards of unpaid contract sums, adjusted amounts for defects/unfinished work, general damages, interest and costs.
7 December 2016
Applicant’s diploma cancellation quashed: decision found procedurally unfair, unlawful and beyond the respondent’s statutory power.
Administrative law — Judicial review — Grounds: illegality, procedural impropriety, irrationality — Fair hearing/audi alteram partem — Power to revoke academic awards — Ultra vires cancellation of conferred diploma — Remedies: declarations, certiorari, prohibition, costs; mandamus and general damages declined.
5 December 2016
Cancellation of a conferred diploma quashed for irrationality and denial of fair hearing; injunction and prohibition granted.
Administrative law – Judicial review – Grounds: illegality, irrationality and procedural impropriety; revocation of academic awards – require proof of recipient’s personal fraud/misconduct; natural justice – right to fair hearing and disclosure of adverse forensic evidence; admissibility of supplementary affidavits – liberal approach in judicial review.
5 December 2016
Diploma cancellation quashed for irrationality and breach of natural justice; fair hearing ordered.
* Judicial review – administrative decision to cancel an academic diploma – grounds: irrationality and procedural impropriety (natural justice, adequate notice, right to cross-examine). * Evidence – affidavits must be based on personal knowledge; material filed without leave may be struck out. * Remedies – certiorari to quash unlawful decision, mandamus to compel a fair hearing, injunction to restrain acting on the impugned decision; prohibition and damages discretionary.
5 December 2016
A trial in a court lacking territorial jurisdiction is a nullity; appeal allowed and proceedings set aside.
Magistrates’ courts — territorial jurisdiction — creation of new magisterial area by statutory instrument; jurisdiction as creature of statute; proceedings in a court without territorial jurisdiction are a nullity; objection to place of suing may be entertained on appeal where illegality or failure of justice is shown.
5 December 2016
A challenge to a taxed bill is governed by the Advocates Act and is time-barred if not appealed within 30 days.
Advocates Act s.62(1) – Taxation appeals/references within 30 days; Advocates (Remuneration and Taxation of Costs) Regulations govern taxation procedure; Civil Procedure Rules not applicable to taxation appeals; Revision under s.83 limited by lapse-of-time clause (no serious hardship).
2 December 2016
A dismissed appeal was reinstated: counsel’s absence and jurat defects were curable; appeal has arguable grounds.
* Civil procedure – reinstatement of dismissed appeal – Order 43 r16 – sufficient cause required for reinstatement. * Evidence – affidavits – supplementary affidavit filed out of time may be admitted in interests of justice. * Jurat defects – omission of Commissioner for Oaths' name curable where confirmed; substantive justice over technicalities. * Legal representation – negligence or mistake of counsel not usually visited on litigant. * Costs – appellate interference only where taxing officer misdirected or assessment manifestly wrong.
2 December 2016
An ex‑parte judgment was set aside where the applicant’s absence resulted from counsel’s negligence, not the applicant’s fault.
* Civil procedure – Setting aside ex‑parte judgment – mistake or negligence of counsel – whether client should suffer for advocate’s omission. * Civil procedure – Service on advocate – presumption of notice vs. evidentiary burden to prove communication to client. * Burden of proof – party asserting notice must prove advocate informed client. * Binding precedent – lower courts bound to follow higher‑court authorities on mistakes of counsel.
1 December 2016
Court granted administration ad litem and substituted the applicant as legal representative to defend the deceased’s interest, allowing amendment of the defence.
* Succession Act s.222 – letters of administration ad litem – limited grants to represent deceased in pending suits where cause of action survives and urgency prevents full grant. * Civil Procedure Rules Order 24 r.1 & r.4 – death of defendant does not abate suit; substitution of legal representative. * Civil Procedure Rules Order 6 r.19 – leave to amend pleadings to reflect substituted legal representative. * Administration ad litem may be granted without advertisement where urgency shown.
1 December 2016
A conditional/ equivocal pleading did not justify judgment on admission; only the borrower (first defendant) was held liable; others lacked consideration.
Civil procedure – Judgment on admission (Order 13 r.6) – admission must be clear, unequivocal and unconditional; inherent jurisdiction to correct error; Contract – non est factum defence – high threshold, not available for mere negligence; Consideration – gratuitous family promises unenforceable; Damages – measure for late repayment of money is interest.
1 December 2016
Claims against public officers for slander and unlawful arrest were time-barred; vicarious liability does not absolve agents of direct liability.
Civil procedure – Pleading sufficiency for slander, false imprisonment and malicious prosecution; vicarious liability – principals and agents as joint and several tortfeasors; Limitation – actions against public officers under s.4 Civil Procedure and Limitation (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act, Cap 72; Time-barred claims and requirement to plead disability or date of termination of prosecution.
1 December 2016
November 2016
Late affidavit admitted but founding affidavit struck off for lack of deponent’s authority; injunction application dismissed.
Civil Procedure – interlocutory injunction – Order 41 CPR – requirement for notice and supporting affidavit; Order 12 r.3(2) – timelines directory not mandatory; affidavit evidence – deponent’s authority – Sections 101,103,106 Evidence Act – burden shifts when prima facie evidence disproves status; chamber summons unsupported by valid affidavit is incurably defective and struck off.
24 November 2016
Court granted extension to file a late appeal due to registry delay and public‑interest land law issues.
Civil procedure – extension of time to appeal – delay attributable to court registry in preparing/issuing certified record – applicants’ counsel partly at fault – exercise of discretion in interests of justice – public interest issues concerning customary urban land and local government ownership of public land.
23 November 2016
Court upheld a court‑authorised extraordinary meeting and the lawful election of new directors; interim injunctions vacated.
* Company law – validity of extraordinary general meeting – court-authorised meetings – sufficiency of notice and publicity. * Company law – internal management – majority rule, Foss v Harbottle, and Article 80(2) Table A – power of general meeting to appoint or remove directors. * Civil procedure – interim orders – jurisdiction to vary or vacate interim injunctions issued by another judicial officer. * Voting procedure – show of hands vs. poll – not a fatal irregularity where meeting properly convened and majority decisions prevail.
16 November 2016
Temporary injunction denied where applicant failed to show prima facie success or irreparable harm; procurement balance favoured proceeding.
* Administrative law – interim relief – test for temporary injunction: prima facie case, irreparable harm, balance of convenience. * Procurement law – PPDA statutory mandate – injunctions may not be granted where they unduly impede regulatory investigations and national procurement projects. * Procedural fairness – alleged breaches of fair hearing may be atoned by damages; not every procedural breach warrants interlocutory relief.
15 November 2016
Temporary injunction granted to preserve status quo where applicant showed prima facie case, irreparable harm, and balance of convenience.
Interlocutory injunctions – prima facie case; irreparable injury; balance of convenience; status quo preservation; res judicata not a bar to interlocutory relief; purchaser takes subject to existing equitable interests (s.64 RTA).
14 November 2016
Applicant granted leave to appeal against conditional leave to defend requiring a security deposit; application found timely with triable issues.
Civil procedure – Order 44 CPR – leave to appeal where no appeal as of right; Time bar – s.220(4) MCA inapplicable to O.44 applications; Extraction of decree – good practice not mandatory; Standard for leave – Sango Bay Estates (prima facie triable issues/substantial questions of law); Judicial discretion – reviewability of conditional security deposit as condition to defend.
11 November 2016
Consent taxation order upheld because applicants’ advocate had authority and no fraud or collusion was proved.
Civil procedure – taxation – consent Certificate of Taxation – setting aside consent – requires proof of fraud or collusion; Agency/advocate’s acts bind client (O.3 r.1 CPR); presence of party and counsel at taxation; consent upheld where no evidence of impropriety.
11 November 2016
Suspension pending investigation is lawful and does not require a pre-suspension hearing; judicial review was premature.
Judicial review – prerogative orders (certiorari, prohibition) – suspension/interdiction in public service – natural justice – whether pre-suspension hearing required – premature challenge pending investigation.
10 November 2016
Court reduced a manifestly excessive instruction fee, finding the taxing officer had erred in principle and mischaracterised the appeal.
* Taxation of costs – instruction fees – limits on interference with taxing officer’s discretion – error of principle or manifestly excessive award justify appellate intervention. * Costs law – balancing fair remuneration and access to justice; assessing complexity, novelty and volume of documentation. * Advocates (Remuneration and Taxation) – relevance of Regulation 56(1) when substantial parts of a bill are disallowed.
10 November 2016
Court set aside divorce decrees and appellate property order due to absence of sworn evidence, remitting matter for de novo hearing.
* Civil procedure – inherent jurisdiction (s.98 Civil Procedure Act) – correction of errors apparent on the face of the record; * Divorce procedure – requirement that evidence be given on oath or affirmation; * Evidence law – probative value of unsworn statements; * Appellate jurisdiction – limits where first instance proceedings are a nullity; * Remedy – setting aside decrees and remitting for de novo hearing.
10 November 2016
Application to sell impounded trailer to recoup insurer-paid taxes dismissed for lack of any enabling statutory authority.
Customs law – disposal of impounded imported goods – no statutory basis found to permit sale to recoup taxes paid by insurer; incorrect reliance on non-existent subsection of EAC Customs Management Act 2004; procedural provisions (Judicature Act, Civil Procedure Act, O.52 CPR) do not supply substantive authority for disposal.
8 November 2016
Insurer failed to prove misrepresentation, connivance or exclusion; ambiguous policy construed against insurer, appeal dismissed.
Insurance law – coverage for theft – alleged non‑disclosure/misrepresentation and connivance – burden of proof – interpretation of ambiguous exclusion clauses – uberrimae fidei applies to both parties.
8 November 2016
Stay denied where supporting affidavit was incurably defective and the time‑bound procurement bid had expired, negating status quo.
* Civil procedure – stay of execution pending appeal – requirements: notice of appeal, likelihood of success, absence of delay, and risk of substantial loss; balance of convenience and preservation of status quo. * Evidence – affidavits – jurat formalities – omission of commissioner/magistrate identification, signature and seal can render affidavit incurably defective. * Procurement – time‑bound bids – expiry of tender may render stay nugatory and affect balance of convenience.
8 November 2016
Extension of time refused where applicant failed to explain delay and had previously withdrawn a similar application.
* Civil procedure – Extension of time – Court’s wide discretion to extend time – requires satisfactory explanation for delay and absence of excessive/dilatory conduct. * Delay – unexplained or excessive delay and prior withdrawal of similar application are grounds for refusing extension. * Finality of litigation – successful parties entitled to enjoy fruit of their success where delays are not justified.
7 November 2016
Request to halt disciplinary proceedings pending judicial review denied; balance of convenience and post‑process remedies favored continuation.
* Judicial review — interlocutory relief — Rule 9(1) permits temporary injunctions * Administrative law — Commission of Inquiry findings — not automatically decisions amenable to judicial review * Civil procedure — interim injunction tests: likelihood of success, irreparable harm, balance of convenience * Sub judice rule vs statutory disciplinary processes — continuation of discipline where post‑process judicial remedies exist * Remedy — certiorari available following completion of disciplinary/investigative process
4 November 2016
Appellant failed to prove medical negligence or causation; trial court’s evaluation upheld and appeal dismissed.
Medical negligence – duty of care; breach and causation – requirement to prove negligence on balance of probabilities; Expert evidence – application of Bolam/Bolitho standards for professional opinion; Novus actus interveniens – caretaker conduct and delayed referral as breaking causal chain; Appellate review – reappraisal of evidence and upholding trial findings.
4 November 2016
UGX 100,000,000 instruction fee award upheld despite procedural error on certificate of complexity; transport claim partially allowed.
Costs and taxation – instruction fees – award of UGX 100,000,000 for consolidated judicial review applications; Taxing Master’s discretion and principles for assessing quantum; requirement for judge’s certificate of complexity under Schedule 6 item 1(a)(ix); cross-appeal on disallowed transport claim – allowance of UGX 1,000,000.
4 November 2016
Governing Council acted ultra vires and breached audi alteram partem in removing principal; certiorari granted, damages dismissed.
* Administrative law – Judicial review – duty to act fairly (audi alteram partem) where administrative decisions affect employment rights. * Ultra vires – Governing Council exceeded statutory powers in removing/replacing Principal. * Statutory appointment/posting – Principal must be appointed/posted by Education Service Commission/Permanent Secretary; posting instruction required. * Remedies – certiorari available to quash unlawful administrative acts; damages require separate cause/particulars of loss.
3 November 2016
Application for temporary injunction dismissed; applicants lacked proof of irreparable harm and status quo had already changed.
* Civil procedure – Temporary injunction – Requirements: prima facie case, irreparable harm, balance of convenience – Status quo must be preserved as at relevant time. * Possession and payment of consideration weigh on balance of convenience. * Affidavit evidence – omnibus/hearsay statements reduce probative value on irreparable harm. * Interim restraint limited to prohibition of permanent constructions altering status quo until final determination.
2 November 2016
Applicants failed to show irreparable harm or favorable balance of convenience; injunction refused but permanent construction stayed pending trial.
Interlocutory injunctions — preservation of status quo — prima facie case, irreparable harm, balance of convenience — competence of affidavits (omnibus/hearsay) — possession and prior payments — section 98 Civil Procedure Act restraint on permanent works pending trial.
2 November 2016
Applicant granted mandamus to compel respondent to comply with a served court decree after unjustified non‑compliance.
Administrative law – prerogative writs – mandamus – availability where public authority fails to comply with a valid court decree – grounds: illegality, irrationality, procedural impropriety; Judicial Review Rules – promptness and three‑month limitation.
1 November 2016
October 2016
The respondent’s report to police did not make her liable for false imprisonment once detention was justified and settled.
Tort — False imprisonment; cause of action requires proof of detention; once detention is proved, defendant must show justification; complainant’s report to police does not automatically render complainant liable for police arrests; appellate reappraisal of evidence where lower court’s factual findings are challenged.
28 October 2016
Defendant vicariously liable for bus driver’s negligence; proved medical and general damages awarded, exemplary damages disallowed.
* Tort – Negligence – Road traffic accident – vicarious liability of vehicle owner for driver’s negligence – res ipsa loquitur applied due to absence of defence. * Damages – Special damages must be specifically pleaded and strictly proved; only proved medical bills and police report fee allowed; lump sum awarded for transport/accommodation. * Damages – General damages awarded for pain, suffering and reduced earning capacity; future earnings not proved. * Exemplary/aggravated damages – disallowed for lack of evidence of wanton or deliberate conduct.
28 October 2016