HC: Civil Division (Uganda)

The Civil Division is a division of the high court. It's functions include: Hearing appeal cases from the Magistrates' courts in connection with torts committed against the person, Defamation, Bankruptcy and company winding up matters, Partnership matters,Companies matters, Real and personal property.

Physical address
Twed towers, along Kafu Road, Nakasero.
171 judgments
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171 judgments
Citation
Judgment date
December 2015
Applicant who stood as independent lacked locus standi to challenge party’s internal election decision; application dismissed.
Political parties – Internal election disputes – Appropriate remedy; Locus standi – Effect of a member standing as an independent on party membership and right to challenge internal decisions; Mootness – Applications overtaken by national nomination processes; Affidavit formalities – Curable procedural defects.
18 December 2015
Judicial review of a parliamentary resolution was struck out as time-barred for being filed after the three-month limit.
Judicial review – limitation – application for judicial review of parliamentary resolution filed outside mandatory three-month period – strict application of Rule 5 Judicature (Judicial Review) Rules 2009 – no extension sought – application struck out; Parliamentary resolutions and Adhoc committees subject to judicial oversight but time-bar rules are strict.
12 December 2015
Dismissal without a fair disciplinary hearing was unlawful; court awarded special and general damages, interest and costs.
* Employment law – wrongful dismissal – procedural fairness – failure to afford a disciplinary hearing violates right to fair hearing (Article 28(1)). * Breach of contract – termination contrary to terms and conditions of service. * Damages – special damages proved and awarded; general damages awarded for humiliation and loss of employment. * Interest and costs – court awarded interest at 10% and costs.
2 December 2015
November 2015
Court quashed UNRA's exclusive roadside‑advertising contract as void, struck out claim against Primedia, and awarded damages and costs.
* Administrative law – Judicial review – Applicant must show an act/omission/decision by respondent amenable to review; no cause of action against private contractor where no reviewable act pleaded. * Company naming – Misdescription of beneficiary as a non-existent company renders a procurement award void ab initio. * Public procurement – Awarding exclusive advertising rights to a single operator is discriminatory and may unlawfully restrict constitutionally protected freedom of expression. * Statutory powers – UNRA has authority to manage road reserves and enter into contracts under the UNRA Act 2006; guidelines are management tools and not necessarily ultra vires. * Remedies – Certiorari to quash unlawful award; prohibition against exclusive roadside-advertising contracts; award of general damages and costs.
26 November 2015
Proceeding to formal proof while an application to set aside a default judgment is pending warrants revision.
Revision – Magistrates’ orders – "case decided" for revision – interlocutory/default judgment – material irregularity in proceeding to formal proof while set-aside application pending – Section 83 Civil Procedure Act.
23 November 2015
Failure to extract a decree before appealing is not an error apparent on the record and counsel’s oversight did not justify review.
* Civil procedure – Review – Grounds for review under Section 82 and Order 46 – error apparent on the face of the record; new evidence; other sufficient reason. * Appeal procedure – Requirement to extract decree before appealing from Magistrates’ Court – substantive requirement in non-record courts. * Review relief – counsel’s oversight does not automatically constitute sufficient reason for review without evidence of steps taken to comply with the law.
18 November 2015
Plaintiffs proved ownership; defendants unlawfully impounded goods—court orders valuation, replacement payment and Shs.50,000,000 damages.
Property law – unlawful impoundment and detention of goods; proof of ownership by documentary and witness evidence; landlord–tenant relationship requires evidence (tenancy agreement/notice); inadmissibility of new factual evidence raised only in submissions; remedy—payment of current replacement value and general damages; third‑party indemnity claim dismissed for lack of proof.
13 November 2015
Judicial review inappropriate to resolve alleged fraudulent acquisition of registered land title; such disputes require ordinary civil or statutory proceedings.
* Judicial review – scope – supervisory remedy concerned with legality, fairness and rationality of public decision-making, not merits of private title disputes. * Land law – Certificate of Title conclusive proof of ownership – impeachment of title requires ordinary suit or statutory cancellation procedures. * Judicial review – fraud allegations affecting title cannot be resolved in summary judicial review proceedings.
13 November 2015
Appeal allowed: respondent failed to prove ownership or dispossession; claim time‑barred under the Limitation Act; damages set aside.
Land law – ownership and dispossession – proof of title and historical dispossession; Limitation Act (s.5) – actions to recover land time‑barred after 12 years; Declaratory relief – proceedings in court fall within Limitation Act; Constitutional property rights – not established without proof of ownership; Appeal – re‑evaluation of facts on first appeal; Damages – not recoverable where underlying claim fails.
9 November 2015
Appellants’ possession upheld after trial magistrate’s mis-evaluation; respondent failed to prove customary heirship.
Land law – customary heirship and inheritance claims – burden and standard of proof in land disputes; possession and occupation evidence; appellate reappraisal of facts; weight of inconsistencies and credibility findings; adverse inference from failure to cross-examine.
9 November 2015
Appellate court ordered retrial where trial magistrate misidentified disputed land and no proof of court-ordered attachment was produced.
* Civil procedure – Appeal – appellate court must re-appraise evidence and reach its own conclusions on fact and law. * Land law – customary tenure – sale under warrant of attachment – proof of court-ordered execution required to establish lawful acquisition. * Pleadings – specificity of land description – necessity of clear pleadings to identify disputed land. * Remedy – retrial ordered where trial court misidentified dispute and essential execution documents are absent.
4 November 2015
Applicant’s pre-election constitutional challenge struck out for failing to exhaust statutory electoral remedies and for inadequate, non‑particularised pleadings.
Electoral law – Section 15 Electoral Commission Act – mandatory statutory complaints procedure and appeal to High Court; Constitutional remedies – Article 50 not to be used to bypass statutory electoral grievance mechanisms; Civil procedure – Order 6 rr.2,3,5 – necessity to particularise bad faith/ultravires allegations; Immunity – Section 49 Electoral Commission Act provides protection for acts done in good faith but is not absolute; Procedure – Article 50 enforcement suits should be commenced by plaint, not Notice of Motion.
4 November 2015
Appellate court upheld dismissal of a claimed gift and apportioned the deceased’s land among family members.
* Evidence – donation of land – oral testimony insufficient where written agreement alleged lost; absence of documentary proof fatal to claim of gratuitous transfer. * Succession/Inheritance – recognition of person accepted into family and entitlement to share in deceased’s estate. * Appellate procedure – first appellate court may re-evaluate evidence and exercise inherent powers to resolve the real controversy and order distribution of estate. * Family law – promotion of family unity through judicially ordered apportionment of deceased’s land.
4 November 2015
October 2015
Temporary injunction refused where applicant failed to show irreparable harm and balance of convenience favoured respondents.
Civil procedure – Interim relief – Temporary injunction – Requirements: prima facie case, irreparable injury, balance of convenience; court refused injunction where irreparable harm not established and balance favoured respondents; weight given to governing councils’ resolutions.
30 October 2015
Flooding from heavy rains, not the respondent’s actions; appeal dismissed for lack of causal link.
Tort — Negligence and private nuisance — Alleged diversion of natural watercourse — Causation and act of God — Appellate re-evaluation of credibility and findings — Claims of judicial bias and miscarriage of justice.
28 October 2015
An illegal contract does not bar an innocent party from recovering proven damages for fraudulent misrepresentation.
Contract law – illegal contracts – exception where parties not in pari delicto – misrepresentation and fraud – recovery of payments and damages; proof of special damages; appellate review for misdirection and failure to frame issues causing miscarriage of justice.
27 October 2015
Where affidavit of service fails to prove effective personal service, the defendant may be granted leave to file a defence.
Civil procedure – service of process – affidavit of service – strict compliance and proof of effective personal service under O.5 CPR – burden on party relying on service – time runs from effective service – leave to file defence where service not proved.
26 October 2015
Whether execution of a 2000 consent order occurred in 2000, making appellants liable to repay rent collected in excess since 2004.
Civil procedure – enforcement of consent order – execution and delivery of vacant possession – determination of when possession commenced; calculation and repayment of excess rent; appellate review of Assistant Registrar’s orders.
21 October 2015
Defective service, uncommissioned affidavit and irregular default judgment warranted setting aside and retrial.
Civil procedure — Revision under ss.83 & 98 CPA — Defective service of summons (Order 5) — Improper affidavits and attestation requirements — Irregular default judgment and execution — Remedy: setting aside and retrial.
20 October 2015
Court awarded workers’ compensation and substantial general damages for an 80% disability suffered by a magistrate assaulted on duty.
Tort/delict – employer/state liability for assault on a public officer while acting in course of employment; assessment of quantum of damages; workers’ compensation recognition; aggravated damages discretionary and unavailable where perpetrator not sued; compensation for permanent disability, pain, suffering and future medical needs.
6 October 2015
Appeal allowed: closure of defence and failure to visit locus in quo breached fair hearing; retrial ordered; title protected.
Land law – procedural fairness – premature closure of defence; title evidence – s.59 RTA – certificate of title conclusive absent fraud; locus in quo – necessity of site visit where boundaries and physical developments are disputed; remedy – retrial and protective injunction.
2 October 2015
September 2015
Prolonged unlawful detention and malicious prosecution by state agents warranted compensatory and exemplary damages.
Constitutional law — right of arrested person to be produced in court within 48 hours; unlawful detention in ungazetted places. Tort — malicious prosecution: elements of institution by state, lack of probable cause, malice, and favourable termination. Evidence — requirement to strictly prove special damages; expert handwriting analysis undermining documentary proof. Remedies — compensatory, exemplary damages and interest for arbitrary or oppressive state conduct.
30 September 2015
Respondents liable for negligent delay in emergency caesarean, causing stillbirth and maternal injury.
* Medical negligence – failure to perform emergency caesarean leading to stillbirth and uterine rupture – duty of care and breach; * Vicarious liability – employer liable for negligent acts of hospital staff; * Damages – special, general and exemplary damages awarded; * Limited resources/equipment not a lawful defence to inexcusable delay in emergency care.
30 September 2015
Judicial review inappropriate where revision under section 83 is available to challenge a magistrate’s small claims decision.
Judicial review — supervisory remedy concerned with decision‑making process; not an appeal. Revision under s.83 Civil Procedure Act is the proper remedy to challenge magistrates’ exercise of jurisdiction in small claims; alternative remedies preclude Judicial Review absent inadequacy.
30 September 2015
Board resolution to pay severance binds employer; plaintiffs entitled to severance, interest and costs.
Employment law – proof of employment where written contracts absent – admissibility of photocopies as secondary evidence; corporate minutes – effect of board resolution to pay severance; board resolution as contractual entitlement; assessment and proof of special and general damages; interest and costs awarded.
30 September 2015
Garnishee orders based on an unendorsed settlement were illegal; execution set aside and funds ordered refunded.
Civil procedure – Execution and garnishee proceedings; requirement of an extractable judgment or endorsed consent for execution; unendorsed settlement not a decree; Court of Appeal order directory and not self-executing; garnishee examination and compliance; locus to challenge on grounds of illegality; setting aside illegal execution and refund of funds.
29 September 2015
Enforcement of a mandamus-ordered payment belongs in the Execution Division; this court declined to grant committal here.
• Judicial review / mandamus – prerogative order directing payment of decretal sums and extraction of Certificates of Order; enforcement remedies. • Contempt of court – alleged disobedience to judgment; requirement that parties comply with orders or lawfully challenge them. • Execution procedure – Execution Division of the High Court is the proper forum for enforcing monetary judgments and seeking committal for non-compliance. • Interest and computation disputes – contested arithmetic/interest calculations should be clarified in execution/enforcement proceedings.
29 September 2015
Court struck out proceedings against a non-existent defendant but allowed amendment to add the proper Local Government Council.
Civil procedure – amendment and substitution of parties – Order 1 rule 10 – limits where party has no legal existence; Local government – corporate personality – Local Government Council may sue or be sued; Limitation – actions under Law Reform Act treated as three-year period due to historical revision error; striking out non-existent parties.
29 September 2015
A registered proprietor with a proprietary interest may be joined and heard in judicial review proceedings under the JR Rules 2009.
Judicial review – joinder of interested parties – locus standi of a registered proprietor – Judicature (Judicial Review) Rules 2009, Rules 6(2) and 10(1) – right to be heard of persons affected by the application.
28 September 2015
Revocation of NGO registration without hearing breached duty of care; plaintiffs awarded damages, interest and costs.
Administrative law – Revocation of NGO registration – Requirement to accord audi alteram partem – Board’s supervisory duty to public and organisations – Breach of duty gives rise to actionable negligence; Limitation law – suspension of limitation where plaintiff under disability until reinstatement; Civil procedure – pleadings and striking out defence; Damages – necessity to plead and prove special damages.
18 September 2015
Whether a university wrongfully dismissed a student without hearing and is vicariously liable for its lecturer's actions.
Administrative law/contract – student admission and termination; procedural fairness – right to be heard prior to dismissal; vicarious liability of university for acts of departmental head/lecturer; proof and quantum of special and general damages; mitigation of loss and aggravated damages.
18 September 2015
Registration creates a rebuttable presumption of ownership; documents proved the plaintiff’s ownership over the respondent.
* Motor vehicle ownership – Registration under s.30 Traffic and Road Safety Act creates a rebuttable presumption of ownership; * Documentary and transaction evidence (invoice, bill of lading, emails) can rebut registration presumption; * Procurement officer’s use of personal TIN to import and register company vehicles may amount to fraudulent registration; * Remedies: declaration of ownership, re-registration, release from custody, injunction, damages and costs.
18 September 2015
Non-service of hearing notices constituted sufficient cause to reinstate a suit dismissed for want of prosecution.
* Civil procedure – setting aside dismissal for want of prosecution – Order 9 r 18 – requirement to show sufficient cause. * Service – non-service of hearing notices as sufficient cause for non-appearance. * Evidence – probative value of an affidavit of service filed long after the event. * Judicial discretion – reinstatement in the interest of justice.
14 September 2015
Defendant vicariously liable for employee’s instruction to impound plaintiff’s vehicles, constituting trespass to goods and leading to damages and release order.
Tort — Trespass to goods by directing police to detain another's chattels; Vicarious liability for employee acts within course of employment; Locus standi to sue for recovery of impounded property; Settlement/consent judgment does not bar unrelated recovery of chattels; Award of general (but not speculative special) damages; Order for immediate release and interest.
11 September 2015
Application to transfer two suit files to High Court denied for wrong legal basis, locality of cause and applicant-caused delay.
Civil procedure – transfer/withdrawal of suits – power under Section 18(1) Civil Procedure Act; balance of convenience; venue and locality of cause of action; party conduct and delay; discretionary nature of transfer.
9 September 2015
Government liable for unpaid contractual medical fees; court awarded reduced compound interest, damages and costs.
Contract – Government liability – Binding contractual obligation created by instruction of senior officers despite procurement irregularities; delay in payment – part payment resets limitation; breach – entitlement to compound interest (reduced by court) and damages; evidentiary weight of handwriting expert vs witness admission.
9 September 2015
Court ordered UNRA to withhold 8.5 billion payable to the 1st respondent pending resolution to preserve applicant's claim.
* Civil procedure – Interlocutory relief – Attachment before judgment and security for appearance under Order 40 rr.1,2,6,12; preservation of assets pending suit. * Evidence – Capacity to satisfy decree; residency/addresses of corporate directors as factor in risk of dissipation. * Contracts – Withholding of payments due under government contract to secure potential judgment.
9 September 2015
Appellate court allowed appeal for lack of credible evidence of plaintiffs' ownership and accepted appellant's unchallenged documentary proof.
Land law – ownership disputes – burden and quality of evidence – admissions by parties’ witnesses – untendered or unchallenged documentary evidence – first appellate court re-evaluation of evidence and credibility.
7 September 2015
Pauper plaintiffs may recover disbursements only; government liable for terminal benefits with aggravated damages and interest awarded.
Public law/contractual entitlements – state liability for verified terminal benefits; civil procedure – pauper litigation and recoverable costs (disbursements v. instruction fees); damages – award of aggravated damages for oppressive government conduct; interest – discretionary award under s.26(2) CPA (10% on principal; 6% on aggravated damages).
3 September 2015
An application to amend a judicial review to add parties and new causes of action was denied as improper and time‑barred; dismissed with costs.
Judicial review — Amendment of proceedings — Rule 7(2) Judicature (Judicial Review) Rules — Amendment permits additional grounds/reliefs not addition of parties or new causes of action — Locus standi — Limitation period — Competence of amendment.
3 September 2015
August 2015
High Court retains constitutional jurisdiction over employment disputes but referred this claim to the Labour Officer for initial determination.
* Employment law – jurisdiction – Section 93 Employment Act – remedy by complaint to Labour Officer and appeal to Industrial Court; * Constitutional law – High Court unlimited original jurisdiction under Article 139(1) – Acts of Parliament cannot oust constitutional jurisdiction; * Civil procedure – service of interlocutory application out of time – no prejudice, matter heard on merits; * Judicial administration – referral to specialised labour forum where operational.
28 August 2015
Plaintiff proved debt by invoices and account statement; ex parte judgment awarded UGX 174,593,471/- with costs.
Civil procedure – Summary suit (Order 36) – ex parte hearing after default – burden of proof remains on plaintiff; invoices, delivery notes and statement of account as evidence of debt.
27 August 2015
Court refused leave to appeal a procedural ruling and ordered completion of cross‑examination before disposing of preliminary objections.
Judicial review — case management — timing of preliminary points of law — trial judge’s discretion to sequence cross‑examination and disposal of preliminary objections; interlocutory appeals — leave to appeal against procedural rulings ordinarily refused absent substantive point of law; fairness — right to re‑examination after cross‑examination.
27 August 2015
Applicant’s land claim dismissed: respondents acquired title by adverse possession and claim was time‑barred.
Land law — Adverse possession — uninterrupted possession (circa 1973–2010) creates equitable interest and title; Limitation Act (s.5) — twelve‑year bar to recovery actions; Evidentiary credibility — inconsistent claimant testimony; Locus visit not necessary where parties know land and claimant fails to prove title; Dowry‑refund transactions noted but decision based on possession and limitation.
27 August 2015
Termination disguised as contractual ‘payment in lieu’ was unlawful without a statutory disciplinary hearing; remedies awarded.
* Employment law – termination vs dismissal – substance over form: where termination is for alleged poor performance, Section 66 (right to be heard) applies. * Employment contracts – unilateral variation: employer cannot enforce less favourable contractual terms by issuing a new HR manual without employee consent. * Remedies – payment in lieu, gratuity, untaken leave, four weeks net pay under s66(4), general damages, refund of unlawful deductions, interest and costs. * Length of service – successor body entered new contract; employment counted from date of new contract (1 July 2003).
27 August 2015
The registrar’s cancellation of the applicant’s title was quashed for failure to comply with statutory notice and hearing requirements.
Administrative law – Judicial review of Registrar’s decision to cancel certificate of title – Compliance with Section 91 Land Act (21‑day notice, service, public hearing, communication of decision) – Natural justice and procedural propriety; Inspectorate of Government – mandate to investigate and recommend – limits of judicial review.
26 August 2015
Termination by an improperly constituted council was invalid; promotion valid; terminal benefits and damages awarded, salary-increment claim dismissed.
Employment law – wrongful dismissal – statutory constitution and quorum of governing council meetings; promotion validity – reliance on signed director’s letter and long possession of the post; salary scale correction by director; termination of in-house pension scheme (NIC) and switch to NSSF; entitlement to terminal benefits under financial regulations – "period served" includes prior service; contingent budgetary increments not payable until government funds released.
25 August 2015
A cooperative society lacked cause of action and standing to sue over its members' individual pension entitlements without authorization.
Cause of action; locus standi; representative/derivative claims; pension rights personal to individual pensioners; declaratory relief does not confer standing; Auto Garage test (right, violation, liability); requirement of mandate/authorization and membership evidence.
25 August 2015
Taxation appeal reducing excessive instruction fees and disbursements, affirming two-counsel certificate; appeal allowed with costs.
Advocates' costs — taxation of bill — instruction fees — Sixth Schedule application and uplift for two counsel — appellate interference limited to cases causing injustice — reasonableness of disbursements and need for receipts.
24 August 2015
Review dismissed: Appeals Tribunal sits ad hoc and applicant failed to meet statutory review requirements.
* Civil procedure – Review under Section 82 CPA and Order 46 CPR – requirements: new evidence, mistake apparent on face of record, or other sufficient reason; * Administrative/insurance law – Insurance Appeals Tribunal constituted on an ad hoc basis under s.92(A) Insurance (Amendment) Act 2011; * Remedy – when appeal, not review, is the appropriate route.
24 August 2015