HC: Civil Division (Uganda)

The Civil Division is a division of the high court. It's functions include: Hearing appeal cases from the Magistrates' courts in connection with torts committed against the person, Defamation, Bankruptcy and company winding up matters, Partnership matters,Companies matters, Real and personal property.

Physical address
Twed towers, along Kafu Road, Nakasero.
199 judgments
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199 judgments
Citation
Judgment date
December 2014
Applicant’s dismissal was procedurally unlawful, but plaintiff implicated in fraud; several counter-defendants held liable and ordered to pay UGX 30,000,000.
Employment law — Summary dismissal — Right to fair hearing under Employment Act 2006 and Constitution; Civil proof of fraud — heightened standard, admissions and contemporaneous statements; Fiduciary duties — employee breach of trust; Equitable remedies — knowing receipt/dishonest assistance and constructive trust; Remedies — declaration, general (nominal) damages, refusal of speculative/specially pleaded sums without audit evidence.
23 December 2014
22 December 2014
Request to file a late appeal and related relief dismissed for procedural failure and dilatory conduct.
Appeals — extension of time — failure to follow statutory procedure (Section 96 CPA; Order 51 r.6 CPR) — absence of draft memorandum of appeal — availability of lower court record — dilatory conduct and lack of clean hands — stay of execution only if appeal on record.
19 December 2014
Court granted temporary injunction preventing university from filling Vice Chancellor post pending judicial review.
* Administrative law — Judicial review of university recruitment and reappointment procedures; whether open advertisement contravenes statutory reappointment rights. * Interim relief — requirements for temporary injunction: prima facie case, irreparable harm, balance of convenience, preservation of status quo. * Natural justice — right to fair hearing and appraisal before appointment; Attorney General's opinion not necessarily binding on corporate university.
19 December 2014
High Court set aside magistrate’s distress for rent order for lack of jurisdiction and abuse of process; invoked s.83 revision.
* Civil procedure – Revision under section 83 CPA – High Court’s power to set aside subordinate court’s orders where matter is already in issue in High Court. * Jurisdiction – Section 6 CPA – subordinate court barred from trying matters already before a higher court; acting in abuse of process. * Procedural irregularity – improper use of term "review" excused where pleadings and relief invoke revision.
18 December 2014
Applicant proved agent’s falsification was without his consent and that the revenue authority unlawfully detained his vehicle; damages awarded.
Customs law – EAC-CMA s.148(1) – owner’s consent for agent’s acts; Procedure on seizure and notice of claim (s.214, s.216) – failure to issue seizure notice and act lawfully; Remedies – rejection of unproven special damages; award of general and punitive damages for unlawful detention.
17 December 2014
An administrator holding letters of administration must distribute the estate and may not treat or sell estate property as personal.
Succession law – role and duties of an administrator (holder of letters of administration); letters of administration do not confer ownership; administrator must file inventory and distribute estate to beneficiaries; administrator’s sale or disposal of estate property for personal benefit impermissible; appellate review of magistrate’s factual and legal findings.
17 December 2014
High Court suit stayed under Section 6 CPA where an earlier magistrate’s suit on the same trespass matter is pending.
Civil procedure – lis pendens (Section 6 CPA) – stay of subsequent High Court proceedings where earlier subordinate-court suit is on same cause; Magistrates’ jurisdiction – Sections 207(1)(a) & 207(2) MCA – trespass and customary law matters; Transfer/remedy – Section 18 CPA; improper circumvention of jurisdiction by re-filing.
16 December 2014
Trial magistrate improperly entered summary repayment order without following Order 13 r.6 CPR; matter remitted for retrial.
Civil procedure – admission of fact – judgment on admission – Order 13 r.6 CPR – summary disposal of claim – failure to give reasons for refusing costs – remittal for retrial before different magistrate.
16 December 2014
Bona fide occupant protection for improvements held on gazetted sub-county land; unlawful eviction entitles occupier to damages and valuation-based compensation.
Land law – Gazetted sub-county land (1927) v informal occupation – bona fide occupant status for continuous undisturbed possession – unlawful eviction/trespass by local administration police – proof of damages for crops – valuation and compensation for improvements – vicarious liability of local government agents.
10 December 2014
High Court set aside summary judgment and dismissal of third‑party claim for material irregularity and remitted matter for proper trial.
Civil procedure – Revision under section 83 CPA – Entry of judgment on admission under Order 13 CPR – admission must be clear and unequivocal; Court must ascertain basis before entering judgment. Civil procedure – Third party proceedings under Order 1 r.18 CPR – court should require evidence and state basis before dismissing third party claim. Natural justice – right to be heard — material irregularity warrants revisional intervention.
10 December 2014
Appellant's sale invalid because donor's inter vivos gift vested only one garden; clan reallocation unproven.
* Land law – gift inter vivos – effect of inter vivos donation in divesting donor of property; * Customary succession – heirship cannot revive title after donor divested property during lifetime; * Customary land transactions – requirement for clan consultation and production of minutes; * Evidence – formal tendering/marking of documentary exhibits and appellate re-evaluation of trial findings.
10 December 2014
Whether LC II had jurisdiction over land and its judgment was void for lack of jurisdiction and service.
Revision; Jurisdiction of Local Council II in land matters under LCCA 2006; statutory summons/service requirements (S.15(2) LCCA); supervisory/revisional duty of Chief Magistrate (S.83 CPA); nullity of proceedings for lack of jurisdiction and improper constitution of LC I/II.
8 December 2014
Administrative Action|Prima Facie|Temporary Injunction|CL
5 December 2014
Failure to prove customary marriage or family interest defeats spousal-consent claim; registered purchasers’ title and counterclaim upheld.
• Land law – family property and spousal consent – proof of customary marriage and ordinary residence – section 39 Land Act (as amended). • Evidential burden and certificates of title – conclusiveness of title versus allegations of fraud – requirements to impeach title. • Fraud and illiteracy claims – necessity of clear supporting evidence; fraud not to be presumed. • Remedies – eviction, removal of caveats, damages and costs where registered purchasers establish title.
1 December 2014
November 2014
The appellant failed to prove three kibanja purchases and was held a trespasser beyond the two acres; appeal dismissed.
Land law – kibanja tenure – burden of proof in claiming kibanja acquisitions; credibility of vendor and agreement author; weight of documentary versus oral evidence; trespass where occupation exceeds proven kibanja interest; appellate review of trial court’s evaluation of credibility and locus observations.
24 November 2014
Applicants’ terminations under unapproved Standing Orders were unlawful; court granted injunction and struck out substantive declaratory claims.
Employment law – judicial review – limits of judicial review (process not substantive awards); statutory corporations’ employees not necessarily ‘public officers’ under Article 173; Standing Orders required ministerial/Attorney General approval – lack of approval renders termination exercise unlawful; injunction granted to restrain illegal restructuring.
20 November 2014
IGG lacks legal capacity to be joined; Attorney General must represent government, so joinder dismissed with costs.
Civil procedure — Joinder of parties (O.1 r 10(2)) — Legal capacity and locus standi of public bodies — Inspectorate of Government lacks statutory corporate status to sue or be sued — Attorney General as proper representative of government interests.
17 November 2014
Retrenchment disguised as restructuring was unlawful; employee awarded statutory terminal benefits, aggravated damages, interest and costs.
Labour law – wrongful dismissal – retrenchment vs retirement in public interest; breach of court order and Public Service Commission directive; entitlement to terminal benefits under Local Government Act s.61 and pension under Pension Act; requirement of fair procedure, notice and hearing; aggravated damages for malicious and arbitrary dismissal.
14 November 2014
Court quashed unlawful interdiction for abandonment, ordered lawful inquiry and granted applicant right to be heard.
* Administrative law – Judicial review – prerogative orders (mandamus, certiorari) – control of ultra vires administrative action. * Administrative law – Natural justice – right to a fair hearing – requirement to constitute investigating tribunal before interdiction/removal. * Local government procedure – validity of interdiction/termination – necessity to follow statutory procedure and cite legal authority/minutes.
11 November 2014
Applicant failed to prove res judicata; trial magistrate properly rejected irrelevant documents and revision was dismissed.
Civil procedure – Revision under s.83 CPA – Res judicata – burden to plead and prove by producing prior judgment and proceedings – evidentiary insufficiency of ancillary letters – discretionary refusal to admit irrelevant documents – appeal vs revision.
11 November 2014
Stay pending appeal granted on condition applicant provides 30% security for due performance, payable cash or by title/vehicle.
Stay of execution — Order 43 r.4(3) CPR — security for due performance of decree — quantum and form of security — proportionate security (30%) acceptable — alternatives: cash, certificate of title, vehicle — appellate fairness vs. chilling effect of full deposit.
6 November 2014
Application for judicial review dismissed as premature; Commissioner’s S.91 investigation lawful and criminal inquiries not to be restrained.
Administrative law – Judicial review – Prematurity of relief where no final administrative decision issued – Commissioner Land Registration’s powers under S.91 Land Act to investigate and rectify register – Civil court will not restrain ongoing criminal investigations – Vicarious liability of Attorney General and Administrator General’s referral to police not proper grounds for interlocutory judicial review.
5 November 2014
Temporary injunction granted where prima facie case, irreparable harm, and balance of convenience favored the applicant.
Interlocutory injunctions — prima facie case; irreparable harm; balance of convenience; preservation of status quo; adverse possession dispute over registered land.
3 November 2014
Appeal allowed for mis-evaluation of evidence, improper locus in quo and reliance on an invalid Area Committee report.
Land law – trespass – appellate re-evaluation of evidence; improper locus in quo – reliance on non-witness show of hands; Area Land Committee report – non‑compliance with s.6(6) Land Act; miscarriage of justice – setting aside trial findings.
3 November 2014
Section 14A saves pleadings filed by an unqualified advocate; plaint not struck out and suit to proceed on merits.
Advocates Act – section 14A (Advocates Amendment Act 2002) – effect on pleadings filed by an advocate without a valid practising certificate; validity of proceedings where counsel impersonates or lacks authority; protection of innocent litigants; interplay of statutory amendment and pre‑amendment case law.
3 November 2014
October 2014
Court refused to amend presiding magistrate finding, corrected a costs slip, and ordered each party to bear own costs.
Civil procedure – Correction of judgment (s.99 Civil Procedure Act; Order 52 CPR) – Reliance on certified record – Costs (s.27(1) Civil Procedure Act) – Accidental slip regarding lower court costs – appellate discretion on costs.
31 October 2014
Appellants’ prompt restoration application and counsel’s oversight justified setting aside an Order 9 r.22 dismissal; suit reinstated.
Civil procedure – restoration of suit dismissed under Order 9 r.22; sufficiency of cause; mistake of counsel – where mistake may justify restoration; affidavits – one applicant’s affidavit may suffice for joint applicants; jurisdiction – employment disputes and High Court’s concurrent jurisdiction; timeliness of appeal.
31 October 2014
Res judicata does not bar the suit where the earlier action was dismissed after attempted withdrawal and was not finally adjudicated.
* Civil procedure – Res judicata – Section 7 Civil Procedure Act – requirement that matter be "heard and finally decided" by a competent court – dismissal after attempted withdrawal not equivalent to adjudication on the merits.
31 October 2014
Section 144(4) makes a withdrawing election petitioner liable for respondent's costs; contrary magistrate order was set aside.
Election petitions – Costs on withdrawal – Section 144(4) Local Governments Act – "shall" construed as mandatory; Chief Magistrate acted beyond jurisdiction by waiving costs; revisional jurisdiction under section 83 Civil Procedure Act; admissibility and materiality of affidavits sworn by advocates; consent and court discretion on costs.
31 October 2014
Administrative suspension for alleged forged bid security quashed for procedural unfairness and errors on the face of the record.
* Administrative law – Judicial review – Certiorari to quash administrative decisions vitiated by errors on the face of the record. * Natural justice – Right to be heard – Requirement to verify representation and afford fair hearing before suspension. * Public procurement – Suspension for alleged forged bid securities – necessity of proper investigation and evidence. * Remedies – Use of certiorari, prohibition, damages and costs where administrative process is unlawful.
27 October 2014
Decree Nisi granted for desertion where respondent’s uncontested absence was deemed admission under procedural rules.
* Family law – Divorce – Ground of desertion – requirement of factum and animus deserendi. * Civil procedure – Substituted service and failure to file reply – allegations deemed admitted (Order 9 Rule 10 CPC). * Relief – Grant of Decree Nisi where marriage irretrievably broken down; to be made absolute after six months; costs in the cause.
24 October 2014
High Court set aside magistrate's ruling, holding magistrates lack jurisdiction over employment disputes and awarding costs to applicant.
Civil procedure – Revision under section 83 CPA – High Court may call for records where a Magistrate exercised jurisdiction not vested in it; Employment law – Jurisdiction of employment disputes – Magistrate Courts lack jurisdiction under section 93 Employment Act; Civil procedure – Ex parte proceedings – Order 9 r.20 and proof of service.
24 October 2014
Sitting tenant has first option to purchase government house; title obtained in breach of guidelines is cancellable.
* Sale of government/district administration houses – Ministry circular and Public Service guidelines govern eligibility – sitting tenant has first option to purchase. * Agency ultra vires – CAO/officers cannot set eligibility contrary to statutory or circular procedure. * Property law – bona fide purchaser for value without notice – constructive notice of public sale guidelines defeats bona fides; title obtained by fraud cancellable. * Appeal – appellate re-evaluation where trial court failed to apply legal principles leads to setting aside judgment.
22 October 2014
Appellant failed to prove ownership of the entire garden; trial court credibility findings and division of the land upheld; appeal dismissed with costs.
* Land law – proof of title – importance of documentary particulars and boundaries; oral evidence where written agreement is vague. * Evidence – credibility findings by trial court entitled to respect on appeal. * Local Council procedure – defects in LC proceedings may render resulting orders ineffective as proof of civil title. * Criminal conviction for trespass does not establish civil ownership.
22 October 2014
Regulatory cancellation of recognition for a degree was unlawful: produced in contempt of court, denied hearing, and beyond the regulator’s statutory powers.
Judicial review – certiorari and prohibition – breach of court order – CIID report compiled contrary to injunction – natural justice (audi alteram partem) – procedural fairness – ultra vires conduct by regulatory body usurping university senate powers under Universities and Other Tertiary Institutions Act – remedies and limits to damages on motion.
20 October 2014
Appellant's inconsistent title claims failed against respondent's long possession; appeal dismissed and lower court judgment confirmed.
Land law – ownership dispute – proof by long possession versus competing claims of purchase or clan inheritance; evidence evaluation on appeal; procedural irregularity of unrecorded locus visit not fatal where in‑court evidence is clear.
17 October 2014
Appeal allowed: respondent failed to prove land ownership amid inconsistent evidence and a flawed locus visit.
* Land law – ownership dispute – burden of proof under Evidence Act ss.101–102; clarity on identity, extent and location of land required. * Locus in quo – procedural requirements; limited weight to unsworn/late witnesses; necessity for annotated sketch. * Appellate review – re-evaluation of evidence where trial findings are unsupported or plainly wrong.
17 October 2014
A purchaser cannot claim bona fide purchaser protection without proper due diligence where the seller lacked authority to sell.
* Land law – sale by person without title – purchaser's status; bona fide purchaser for value without notice – duty of due diligence. * Civil procedure – pleadings in magistrates' courts – adequacy of oral evidence where no written defence filed (Order 6 r.27). * Equitable relief – restitution/compensation by transfer of property to avoid unjust enrichment. * Costs – taxation and consolidation of bills where disbursements appear excessive.
17 October 2014

 

17 October 2014
A three‑year contract with a probation clause is not a statutory probationary contract; dismissal without a hearing was illegal and procedurally improper.
Employment law – probationary clause within a fixed‑term contract; definition of "probationary contract" under Employment Act 2006; applicability of Section 66 right to hearing; summary dismissal and natural justice; discretionary relief in judicial review and remedies (damages vs certiorari).
16 October 2014
Interlocutory injunction denied where plaint lacked prayer for permanent relief and disciplinary and criminal proceedings may run concurrently.
* Civil procedure – interlocutory injunctions – competence of application where no prayer for permanent injunction in plaint. * Employment law – concurrent disciplinary and criminal proceedings – employer may proceed with both where policy and law allow. * Constitutional right – right to silence not automatically infringed by internal disciplinary hearings. * Interim relief – tests of prima facie case, irreparable harm, and balance of convenience applied.
9 October 2014
The applicants' contract claim against the government was held time-barred and the plaint was rejected and dismissed with costs.
Limitation law – s.3(2) Civil Procedure and Limitation (Misc. Provisions) Act – actions founded on contract against government – three-year bar; Order 7 r.11(d) plaint rejection; plea of disability/excuse for delay; inability to sue statutory office (Inspectorate) and requirement to sue Attorney General.
7 October 2014
September 2014
A radio broadcaster’s unverified defamatory broadcast of a public official warranted damages, apology and costs.
Defamation – broadcast media – slanderous allegations against a public official; duty of verification and journalistic ethics; consent judgment evidencing falsity; damages (general and exemplary) and public apology.
29 September 2014
Application to set aside consent judgment dismissed for failure to prove Attorney General lacked instructions.
Civil procedure – Consent judgment – Setting aside – Grounds limited to illegality, fraud, collusion, mistake or misapprehension of material facts; Authority of counsel – apparent and actual authority of State Attorney/Attorney General to compromise; Consent judgments as binding contracts; Execution and change of advocates not sufficient to vitiate consent.
29 September 2014
An unproved, inconsistent alleged will cannot dispossess a widow whose equitable interest supports lawful sale to bona fide purchasers.
Land law — succession and testamentary disposition — authenticity and proof of alleged will — equitable interest of surviving spouse — bona fide purchaser for value without notice — proper evaluation and marking of exhibits.
26 September 2014
Insufficiently pleaded and proved negligence and theft allegations defeat contract and damages claims against a security firm.
Contract and tort – security services – alleged theft from guarded premises – requirement for particulars of negligence – admissibility and weight of police report and hearsay – necessity to strictly plead and prove special damages – right to be heard in administrative/investigative findings.
24 September 2014
Appellant not shown to have maliciously caused arrest; punitive damages against him set aside and trial judgment overturned.
* Civil liability – False imprisonment and malicious prosecution – elements: termination in favour of plaintiff, lack of reasonable and probable cause, and malice in fact (malus animus). * Evidence – Evaluation on appeal – re-assessment of credibility and institutional role of police in instigating arrest. * Punitive/exemplary damages – ordinarily targeted at oppressive or arbitrary state action; not typically appropriate against private individuals absent culpable conduct.
24 September 2014
Registrar lacked jurisdiction and improperly granted an ex parte production order in breach of natural justice; appeal allowed with costs.
Civil procedure – Jurisdiction of Registrar (O.50 r.2–r.3) – limits to uncontested/consent judgments and formal preliminary steps; Access to Information Act – procedural notice requirements; Ex parte orders – permissibility only with urgency or impossibility of service; Natural justice – right to be heard; Irregular/illegal orders liable to be set aside.
18 September 2014
18 September 2014