High Court of Uganda

The High Court of Uganda is the third court of record in order of hierarchy and has unlimited original jurisdiction, which means that it can try any case of any value or crime of any magnitude. Appeals from all Magistrates Courts go to the High Court. 

The High Court is headed by the Honorable Principal Judge who is responsible for the administration of the court and has supervisory powers over Magistrate's courts. 

Physical address
Plot 2, the Square Kampala
295 judgments

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295 judgments
Citation
Judgment date
October 2025
Charges dismissed where accused detained 28 years, later fit for trial, and prosecution lost the Police file/indictment.
* Criminal procedure – pre-trial detention – fitness to plead – detention pending Ministerial orders after finding of incapacity; subsequent fitness to stand trial and implications for liberty. * Abuse of process – gross want of prosecution where Police file/indictment lost and cannot be reconstructed after repeated adjournments. * Court powers – Judicature Act and Trial on Indictments Act; inherent jurisdiction to discontinue prosecution to prevent oppression and protect right to fair hearing.
27 October 2025
A dismissal under Section 17(2) of the Judicature Act for want of prosecution is final and not restorable; appeal is the remedy.
Civil procedure — inherent powers — Section 17 Judicature Act — dismissal for want of prosecution — prolonged mediation and inactivity as abuse of process — dismissal under s17(2) is a final decree and not restorable; remedy by appeal.
27 October 2025
Interlocutory default judgment set aside as plaint sought non-pecuniary relief; late defence validated and matter restored for hearing.
* Civil Procedure – Default/interlocutory judgment – Order 9 Rule 8 – scope limited to debt, detinue or pecuniary damages only – interlocutory judgment irregular where plaint seeks declarations or enhanced/exemplary damages. * Civil Procedure – Setting aside default judgment – irregularity of procedure and nature of claim as ground for setting aside. * Civil Procedure – Validation of belated defence/extension of time – administration of justice requires disputes be decided on merits where delay is excusable and uncontroverted. * Mootness – related applications overtaken by events when default judgment set aside and defence validated.
27 October 2025
Applicant granted unconditional leave to defend summary suit due to bona fide triable issues and curable affidavit defects.
Civil procedure — Order 36 leave to appear and defend summary suit — requirement of bona fide triable issues; Order 52/affidavit requirements — one affidavit may suffice where competent to depose for all applicants; Annexures and Commissioner for Oaths formalities — technical defects curable under Article 126(2)(e); Evidence/admissibility — unstamped or incomplete agreement, privity of contract and vicarious liability are triable issues not suitable for summary disposal.
27 October 2025
Alleged fraudulent title challenged but plaintiffs failed to prove fraud or possession; suit dismissed.
• Limitation — discovery of fraud under s.25 Limitation Act delays start of limitation period.• Locus standi — beneficiaries/administrators may sue to protect intestate estate.• Impeachment of registered title — fraud must be pleaded with particulars and proved strictly to impeach certificate of title.• Evidence — hearsay and inconsistent oral testimony insufficient to establish gift or continuous possession.• Land law — Land Reform Decree 1975 reduced customary occupants to tenants at sufferance affecting claims predating registration.
27 October 2025
Court extended a pre-2022 grant of probate for two years due to pending litigation and beneficiaries’ concurrence.
Succession law – Extension of grant of probate – Application of section 337(4) to pre-31 May 2022 grants – Section 255(3) governs post-2022 grants – Court to consider beneficiaries’ interests and testator’s intentions – Extension granted where residual estate subject to pending litigation – Time extended to file inventory and accounts.
17 October 2025
Court extended pre‑2022 Letters of Administration under s.337(4) after finding cause and beneficiaries' consent; inventory/account deadlines extended.
* Succession Act — extension of Letters of Administration — application of Section 337(4) to grants made before 31 May 2022; Section 256(3) to grants after commencement. * Requirements for extension — "just cause" under s.337(4); compliance and beneficiaries' consent under s.256(3). * Court discretion — consideration of beneficiaries' best interests. * Extension of time to file inventory and exhibit account under s.273 and s.37 Judicature Act.
17 October 2025
Pre-2022 grants may be extended on showing just cause, with the beneficiaries' interests guiding the court's discretion.
Succession law – extension of letters of administration – application of Section 337(4) to pre-31 May 2022 grants – distinction from Section 256(3) (post-amendment) – requirement to show just cause and consideration of beneficiaries' best interests – grant of further time to file inventory and accounts.
17 October 2025
Applicant’s conviction for attempted murder upheld; sentence reduced by one year one month to reflect remand time.
Criminal law – Attempted murder – identification and corroboration – role of telephone call data and witness testimony; Defence of alibi – burden and disproof; Sentence – requirement to arithmetically deduct remand period; Appellate review of credibility findings.
6 October 2025
Court declared the respondent mentally ill and unable to manage affairs, appointing the applicant and a daughter as joint representatives.
Mental Health Act Cap 308 — determination of mental illness requires medically accepted standard and psychiatrist evidence; Capacity and competence — section 59(3)(b) court power to declare inability to manage affairs; Appointment of personal representative — section 61(1) court may appoint suitable relative where no appointment exists; Duties and safeguards — inventory, annual accounts, restriction on disposal, six‑monthly psychiatric reviews.
6 October 2025
September 2025
Court extended letters of administration where administrator complied with law, beneficiaries consented, and minors’ interests were protected.
* Succession Act s256(3) – Extension of Letters of Administration – prerequisites: compliance with appointment, beneficiaries’ consent, and best interests. * Children Act s6(1) – parental responsibility permits consent on behalf of minor beneficiaries. * High Court powers – Judicature Act s37 and Interpretation Act s34(3) inform extension and conditions. * Estate administration – filing of inventory and full account as condition of extension.
17 September 2025
Letters of administration extended two years where beneficiaries consented and estate delayed by title/registration issues.
* Succession Act – Extension of Letters of Administration – s256(3) – requirements: compliance with appointment provisions, beneficiaries' consent, best interests of beneficiaries. * Estate administration – incomplete distribution due to title conversion and correction of registration errors – justification for extension. * Court powers – Interpretation Act s34(3) and Judicature Act s37 – discretion to extend and impose conditions (inventory and account).
17 September 2025
Court extended Letters of Probate for one year after finding statutory conditions and beneficiaries' consent satisfied.
* Succession Act – section 255(3) – extension of Letters of Probate – conditions: proper appointment, beneficiaries’ consent, best interests of beneficiaries. * Civil procedure – late filing of inventory and accounts – leave to file granted where estate not wasted and beneficiaries consent. * Interpretation and Judicature Acts – court’s power to extend probate period.
17 September 2025
A court cannot reinstate an application decided on its merits; appeal or review, not inherent power, is the proper remedy.
* Civil procedure – Finality of judgments – doctrine of functus officio – court loses jurisdiction to vary or revisit a decision once pronounced. * Civil procedure – Inherent powers (s.98 Civil Procedure Act) – do not empower reinstatement of matters decided on merits; proper remedies are appeal, review or revision. * Post‑judgment relief – reinstatement of dismissed application is not a recognised substitute for appeal or review. * Stay of execution – dismissal on merits cannot be reopened by a reinstatement application.
16 September 2025
Suit dismissed as res judicata upheld; punitive compensation under inherent powers set aside.
Civil procedure – Res judicata – elements and application where prior suits addressed same subject matter; locus observations and estoppel; inherent powers (Section 98 CPA) – procedural limits and prohibition on awarding compensation not pleaded.
16 September 2025
Applicant’s attempt to reopen a jurisdiction issue abandoned on appeal was an abuse of process and dismissed with costs.
* Civil procedure – Revision under Section 83 – scope and limits – abuse of process where issue previously raised and abandoned on appeal. * Jurisdiction – pecuniary jurisdiction of Magistrate’s Court – post‑judgment valuation cannot retroactively establish lack of jurisdiction. * Abuse of process / Henderson v Henderson – finality in litigation and estoppel against re‑litigating issues. * Revisionary relief – Court not to rely on extraneous materials outside lower court record to unsettle prior orders.
12 September 2025
Counterclaim properly dismissed as res judicata; respondent’s trespass suit upheld and appeal dismissed with costs.
* Civil procedure – Res judicata – Section 7 Civil Procedure Act – counterclaim dismissed where matter already finally adjudicated in earlier suit. * Tort – Trespass to land – new wrongful entries constitute fresh cause of action against persons in possession and are not necessarily barred by earlier ownership determinations. * Succession – burden of proof for estate property – administrator must prove land forms part of estate. * Evidence – contradictions must be grave to vitiate findings; locus visit and unchallenged boundaries support possession findings.
12 September 2025
Appeal from dismissal of review was incompetent without leave; substantive defects in pleadings and witness statements were not shown to be fatal.
* Civil procedure – appealability – dismissal of review applications requires leave before appealing; appeal without leave is incompetent. * Civil procedure – pleadings and witness statements – application of Illiterates’ Protection Act s.3 and Order XVIII, Rule 5A compliance; defects not always fatal. * Judicial review – error apparent on the face of the record – threshold requires manifest mistake not necessitating lengthy argument. * Civil Procedure Rules – Order 43 memorandum of appeal requirements — grounds must be specific, not narrative.
12 September 2025
Appellate court finds LC I/II lacked jurisdiction over land dispute; prior judgments void; appeal dismissed.
Civil procedure – appeals – Order 43 CPR – general grounds, amendment of memorandum of appeal, and discretionary validation; Jurisdiction – Local Council I and II courts’ competence in land disputes post-amendment to Land Act; Res judicata – inapplicable where prior court lacked jurisdiction; Evidence – written contract required to prove terms of sale; judgments void ab initio where court lacks statutory jurisdiction.
12 September 2025
Allocation and ownership disputes arising from tenancy agreements are private law matters, not amenable to judicial review.
Administrative law – Judicial review – Amenability of decisions – Distinction between public law and private contractual/property disputes; Tenancy and ownership disputes against a public body are ordinarily private law matters to be resolved in ordinary civil proceedings; Judicial review not appropriate to enforce purely contractual rights; Expired tenancies and alleged trespass limit locus to seek public law remedies.
12 September 2025
Appellant cannot escape loan repayment by alleging lender lacked a licence; appeal dismissed with costs.
* Money‑lending law – requirement of a money lending licence under Tier 4 Microfinance Institutions and Money Lenders Act, 2016 – carrying on business without licence prohibited. * Illegality defence – ex turpi causa – exceptions where protective statute operates to afford remedies despite statutory breach. * Evidence – Section 91 (parol evidence rule) and Section 92 – written loan agreement cannot be varied by oral evidence between the parties. * Tort – trespass to land – must prove unauthorized entry interfering with possession; mere inspections of pledged security not necessarily trespass. * Civil procedure – appellate grounds must not be argumentative; parties bound by issues framed at trial.
12 September 2025
Three issues decided: limitation (three years), limited striking of duplicative property claims, and plaint discloses cause of action for vicarious liability.
* Limitation – application of Limitation Act and Law Reform (Misc. Provisions) Act to death claims; three-year limitation applies to private companies; two-year limit applies only to Government, local authorities or scheduled corporations. * Abuse of process – where part of a claim is substantially the same as a matter pending in another suit the duplicative part may be struck out. * Civil liability – vicarious/secondary liability and lending of servants: an entity that enlists or places armed personnel at its disposal may be prima facie liable for their torts if control/direction at the material time is pleaded.
12 September 2025
Court granted bail to a refugee charged with aggravated defilement due to exceptional family circumstances and sufficient sureties.
Criminal procedure – Application for bail – Exceptional circumstances – Rights of refugees – Presumption of innocence – Substantial sureties – Balancing individual and public interest.
12 September 2025
Extension of Letters of Administration granted where statutory requirements and beneficiaries’ consent were satisfied, following delay in estate distribution.
Succession – extension of validity of Letters of Administration – requirements under Section 256(3) of the Succession Act – consent of beneficiaries – best interest of estate – delay due to legitimate cause.
10 September 2025
Judicial review application dismissed for being out of time and for failure to exhaust internal and statutory remedies.
Judicial review – Limitation period – Sufficient interest (locus standi) – Exhaustion of internal remedies – Proper service – Cause of action against regulatory body – Political party internal disputes.
8 September 2025
Court allowed out‑of‑time reply to defence and counterclaim, finding clerk’s negligence a sufficient cause.
* Civil Procedure – extension of time to file pleadings – sufficient cause – negligence of counsel or law‑firm servant may justify enlargement. * Civil Procedure – Order 5 Rule 1(2) CPR – service timing of documents – distinction between Registrar endorsement and fixation of hearing date. * Evidence – hearsay – deponent’s account of personal knowledge explaining delay is not hearsay. * Discretionary relief – leave to file reply out of time granted where sufficient reason shown.
8 September 2025
Appeal dismissed as incompetent where no notice of appeal was filed within 14 days and no extension or leave was sought.
Criminal procedure – Appeals – Requirement to commence appeal by notice in writing under Section 28 Criminal Procedure Code Act – Failure to file notice of appeal within 14 days and absence of application for extension/leave renders appeal incompetent – Appellate court will not examine merits where appeal is not properly before it.
4 September 2025
A court may extend expired Letters of Administration if statutory conditions, including beneficiary consent, are satisfied.
Succession law – Letters of Administration – extension of validity – requirements for extension under Section 256(3) of the Succession Act – proof of compliance and beneficiary consent – justification for delay in estate administration.
3 September 2025
Extension of Letters of Administration granted where statutory requirements and beneficiary consent were satisfied.
Succession law – extension of Letters of Administration – requirements for extension – beneficiary consent – interest of the estate – compliance with Section 256(3) of the Succession Act.
3 September 2025
Court extends Letters of Administration where legal requirements and beneficiary consent are met, and estate remains unresolved.
Succession – Extension of Letters of Administration – Section 256(3) of the Succession Act – Beneficiary consent – Pending estate matters – Compliance with legal requirements by administrator.
3 September 2025
Although homicide and malice were established, the prosecution failed to prove the accuseds' participation beyond reasonable doubt, so both were acquitted.
Criminal law – Murder – Elements: death, unlawfulness, malice aforethought established by post-mortem and injuries; Identification and participation – conviction requires credible direct or corroborated circumstantial evidence placing accused at scene; Uncorroborated hearsay/confessional statements to third parties require caution; Burden of proof beyond reasonable doubt – doubts resolved for accused.
2 September 2025
Absence of an identification parade and uncorroborated night identification made conviction for aggravated robbery unsafe.
Criminal law – Aggravated robbery – essential ingredients (theft, violence, deadly weapon, participation) – Identification evidence – visual identification at night – necessity and importance of identification parade – alibi and burden to disprove – reliance on agreed facts and medical evidence.
2 September 2025
Defilement proven but identity of the assailant not established beyond reasonable doubt; accused acquitted.
* Criminal law – Aggravated defilement – necessity to prove both the sexual act and the identity of the perpetrator beyond reasonable doubt. * Evidence – medical report and victim’s out‑of‑court statements as corroboration; limitations where key eyewitness absent. * Evidence – non‑production of charge and caution/plain statement and its effect on prosecution’s case. * Criminal burden – where reasonable doubt exists, it must be resolved in favour of the accused.
2 September 2025
Accused convicted of murder based on credible nighttime visual identification, corroboration and post‑mortem evidence of fatal sharp‑force injuries.
Criminal law – Murder: proof of death, unlawful cause and malice aforethought; visual identification (night-time) – issues of familiarity, illumination, proximity and duration; corroboration by neighbour testimony, tracking-dog evidence and post-mortem; circumstantial inference of intent from nature of injuries.
2 September 2025
Medical evidence negating penetration and unreliable identification led to acquittal for aggravated defilement.
Criminal law – Aggravated defilement – elements: victim under 14; sexual act requires penetration (however slight) – medical evidence (intact hymen/no injuries) may negate penetration; identification — inconsistencies and absence of identification parade undermine prosecution case; prosecution must prove all elements beyond reasonable doubt.
2 September 2025
August 2025
An appeal against a judgment confirming the Respondents’ ownership of land was dismissed due to lack of evidential support from the Appellants.
Civil procedure – first appeal – land ownership – gift intervivos – evidential burden of proof – contradictions and inconsistencies in witness testimony – validity and weight of unchallenged documentary evidence – appellate review of factual findings – upholding trial court decision.
29 August 2025
The applicant's loan to the respondent was enforceable; respondent liable for UGX 71,500,000, damages, interest and costs.
* Contract law – validity and enforceability of oral and documentary loan agreements; sufficiency of written materials to satisfy statutory requirements. * Evidence – effect of a defendants non-attendance at trial and uncontroverted documentary evidence. * Money-lending – charging interest does not automatically make a lender a licensed money-lender; absence of evidence of business money-lending. * Remedies – award of principal, general damages, interest at court rate and costs.
29 August 2025
A registered proprietor's title prevails against unproven ancestral or customary claims, barring sustainable allegations of fraud.
Land law – Registered ownership – Certificate of title as conclusive evidence – Challenge to title on grounds of alleged fraud – Customary tenure and effect of repealed Land Reform Decree – Limitation of actions – Family dispute and remedies.
27 August 2025
A young accused charged with aggravated robbery granted bail due to age, credible sureties and low risk of interfering with investigations.
Criminal procedure — Bail — Application for bail pending trial for aggravated robbery — Role of Bail Guidelines 2022 and Section 16(Trial on Indictments Act) — Exceptional circumstances requirement — Relevance of age, fixed abode, substantial sureties, DPP no-objection and national identity documentation.
20 August 2025
Bail was denied as the applicant failed to prove identity, fixed abode, and exceptional health circumstances despite advanced age.
Criminal procedure – Bail – Mandatory bail under Article 23(6)(c) of the Constitution – Committal to High Court precludes mandatory bail – Ordinary bail – Exceptional circumstances – Proof of identity and fixed abode required – Applicant's failure to provide identification and medical evidence precludes bail.
19 August 2025
The court dismissed a bail application for murder, finding no exceptional circumstances and unreliable sureties.
Criminal Procedure – Bail – Criteria for granting bail in capital offences – Exceptional circumstances – Grave illness – Reliability of sureties – Public interest in serious offences.
19 August 2025
Applicant established sufficient cause to set aside a S.17(2) dismissal and have the suit reinstated.
* Civil procedure – setting aside dismissal for want of prosecution – error apparent on the face of the record. * Inherent powers – Section 17(2) Judicature Act – dismissal for abuse/delay can be set aside and reinstated. * Procedural irregularity – directions in certified record interpreted; counsel’s mistake not visited on litigant. * Reinstatement – matter ordered to be heard on the merits; costs to abide outcome.
18 August 2025
Applicants granted unconditional leave to defend where respondent failed to prove identity, loan and proper service.
* Civil Procedure – Order 36 r.4 – unconditional leave to appear and defend – grant where there is a bona fide defence or real dispute to be tried. * Evidence – burden of proof (s.101 Evidence Act) – plaintiff must prove identity and existence of loan with reliable corroboration. * Service and formality – requirements for service and mandatory summons in summary suit (Order 36) – defectively served/incorrect summons defeats claim of lateness. * Summary procedure – where disputed facts and identity issues exist, matter should proceed to trial.
15 August 2025
July 2025
Court appoints wife as personal representative of mentally ill individual to manage his estate.
Mental Health – Appointment of personal representative – Person unable to manage affairs due to mental illness – Legal capacity and representation.
17 July 2025

 

15 July 2025
A suit dismissed for nonattendance under Section 17(2) may be reinstated if sufficient cause is shown for absence.
Civil procedure – dismissal for nonattendance – inherent powers of court – reinstatement of suit under Section 17(2) of Judicature Act – distinction from dismissal for want of prosecution under Order 17 Rule 5 Civil Procedure Rules – sufficient cause for absence – judicial discretion to restore suit for hearing on merit.
14 July 2025

 

14 July 2025
A conviction for rape may be based on credible victim and eyewitness testimony even without immediate medical evidence.
Criminal law – rape – standard of proof in sexual offence – assessment of contradictions in prosecution evidence – sufficiency of victim’s oral testimony in absence of immediate medical evidence – corroboration not always required.
11 July 2025
A Magistrate Grade II's orders regarding land ownership and custody were set aside for lack of jurisdiction and procedural irregularity.
Civil Procedure – Revision – Jurisdiction – Magistrate acting beyond pecuniary jurisdiction – Jurisdiction in land disputes – Family and Children Court – Determination of land ownership – Welfare of children – Procedural irregularity.
10 July 2025
June 2025

 

30 June 2025