High Court of Uganda

The High Court of Uganda is the third court of record in order of hierarchy and has unlimited original jurisdiction, which means that it can try any case of any value or crime of any magnitude. Appeals from all Magistrates Courts go to the High Court. 

The High Court is headed by the Honorable Principal Judge who is responsible for the administration of the court and has supervisory powers over Magistrate's courts. 

Physical address
Plot 2, the Square Kampala
60 judgments

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60 judgments
Citation
Judgment date
August 2024
30 August 2024
May 2024
9 May 2024
April 2024
Beneficiaries of an undivided intestate estate may sue without letters; sale by a beneficiary without administration is unlawful and constitutes trespass.
Property law – intestate estate – sale by beneficiary of undivided estate without letters of administration invalid; locus standi – beneficiaries/grandchildren may sue without letters to protect estate interests; trespass – unlawful entry following invalid sale; appellate review – re-evaluation of trial findings on possession and title.
30 April 2024
Appellant failed to prove ownership beyond the one-acre sale; trial court’s evaluation and locus visit were upheld.
Land law – proof of title and extent of land sold; interpretation of written sale agreement; weight of oral evidence and locus in quo; Practice Direction No.1 of 2007 – procedure for locus visits; trespass – burden to prove actual entry and possession.
30 April 2024
Appellant failed to prove title; locus visit and unchallenged evidence upheld respondents and appeal was dismissed.
Land law – title dispute – appellant failed to prove ownership; locus in quo – evidential weight where possession is visible and unchallenged; appellate procedure – striking out vague grounds and grounds introduced only in submissions; damages – appellate restraint where trial court properly exercised discretion in awarding general damages.
30 April 2024
Consent judgment vesting ownership extinguished plaintiff’s cause of action; suit struck out for failing to disclose a cause of action.
Civil procedure – preliminary objection – plaint to be rejected where it does not disclose a cause of action (Order 7 r.11(a)); Consent judgment declaring ownership – disposes of subject matter and extinguishes cause of action against remaining defendant; Limitation unnecessary to decide once no cause of action exists.
30 April 2024
Court granted a stay pending appeal, finding risk of irretrievable loss and waiving the security requirement.
Stay of execution pending appeal — Order 43 r 4(3) CPR — conditions: substantial loss, no unreasonable delay, security for due performance — procedural irregularities (wrong provision cited, affidavits lacking authority, unsigned annexures) — discretion to dispense with security.
30 April 2024
A suit filed against a person dead at filing is incompetent and must be struck out; substitution is not available.
Civil procedure – competency of suit – action against deceased person – incapacity to be sued – substitution of parties (Order 1 r10) not available where defendant was dead at filing – letters of administration – costs for failure to verify capacity.
30 April 2024
High Court dismissed revision, holding continuation of magistrates' proceedings lawful after administration cause dismissal.
* Civil procedure – Revision (s.83 Civil Procedure Act) – High Court may revise magistrates' court decisions where jurisdiction not vested, not exercised, or exercised with material irregularity; conditional stays end when the condition (dismissal of related Administration Cause) is met. * Magistrates' court practice – Stay of proceedings pending related High Court administration matter – effect of dismissal of administration cause. * Evidence – failure to file rejoinder treated as acceptance of respondent's affidavit facts.
30 April 2024
A government defendant may be properly joined as a necessary/nominal party in a compensation dispute despite no prior payment or violation.
Civil procedure – Joinder of parties – Order 1 Rule 3 – Necessary/nominal party – Government/Attorney General impleaded in land compensation dispute arising from compulsory acquisition – Cause of action and preliminary objection.
30 April 2024
Whether respondent utilities are liable for trespass after erecting power lines on the applicant’s land without consent.
Property law – trespass to land; registered title permits action in trespass; utility licensee obligations under Electricity Act (notice, wayleaves, compensation); liability of a party who induces trespass; remedies – injunction, removal, general damages, interest, costs.
30 April 2024
Applicant failed to show good cause for extension of time; Registrar lawfully stayed execution and did not determine ownership.
Civil procedure – extension of time to appeal – discretionary relief requiring no inordinate delay, good cause and no prejudice – mistake of counsel/ignorance not automatically sufficient – registrar’s power to grant stay of execution pending appeal; interlocutory ruling not a determination of ownership.
30 April 2024
The applicant’s application for boundary verification of disputed forest reserve land is granted; parties to bear their own costs.
* Land law – boundary opening and verification – necessity of on-ground assessment by a licensed surveyor where boundaries are disputed. * Evidence – role of independent joint survey in clarifying factual boundaries but not determining legal title. * Procedure – application under Section 98 CPA and Order 51 CPR to conduct boundary verification during pending suit. * Costs – each party to bear its own costs where boundary opening is ordered.
30 April 2024
Court set aside dismissal for want of prosecution and reinstated suit due to non-service and non-willful absence.
Civil procedure – Dismissal for want of prosecution – Order 9 r 17 CPR (dismissal when neither party appears) – Distinction from abatement under Order 17 r 6 CPR – Review under Order 46 r 1 CPR – Effect of non-service of hearing notice – Reinstatement and costs.
30 April 2024
A respondent who is a widow and beneficiary may counterclaim to protect estate land without letters of administration.
Civil procedure – Locus standi – Counterclaim by widow/beneficiary – Ability to protect estate land without Letters of Administration; Order 8 Rule 2; pleadings requirement under Order 4 Rule 1; reliance on Israel Kabwa v. Martin Banoba Mugisa.
30 April 2024
Stay of execution refused where appellant failed to show substantial loss, likelihood of success, and to provide security.
* Civil procedure – stay of execution – Order 43 r.4(3) CPR – requirements: notice of appeal, substantial loss, no unreasonable delay, security for due performance. * Security for due performance – discretionary but required as precondition under r.4(3)(c) where applicable. * Substantial loss – requires real risk of execution, not mere speculation. * Likelihood of success on appeal – mere filing of notice of appeal insufficient to show merits.
30 April 2024
26 April 2024
26 April 2024
February 2024
Counsel’s mistake was sufficient reason to set aside dismissal and reinstate the suit for hearing on its merits.
* Civil procedure – review of judgment – Order 46 Rule 1(2)/(3) – "any other sufficient reason" – counsel’s negligence as ground for review. * Dismissal for want of prosecution – Order XVII Rule 5 (amended) – abatement versus dismissal for non-appearance. * Service – omission to serve not fatal where purpose of service fulfilled by obtaining court file copy.
29 February 2024
Guardianship application dismissed for failing to meet mandatory statutory requirements despite welfare considerations.
Guardianship — Children’s (Amendment) Act 2016 (ss. 3, 43A, 43F) — welfare of the child paramount — mandatory preconditions for guardian appointment: continuous residence in Uganda, criminal record clearance, and recommendation from probation/social welfare — foreign-resident applicants — financial support insufficient to substitute statutory requirements.
29 February 2024
A stay pending appeal requires notice of appeal, proof of substantial loss, no undue delay, and provision of security.
Stay of execution pending appeal – Order 43 r.4 CPR – requirements: notice of appeal, substantial loss, no unreasonable delay, security – laches – consent judgment – protection of successful litigant’s fruits.
29 February 2024
Appellant failed to displace registered title where evidence showed pre-existing customary interests, so title rectification and costs ordered.
Land law – registered leasehold title – effect of registration and exceptions for fraud or pre-existing unregistered customary interests; burden of proof in title disputes; locus in quo procedure; effect and scope of consent judgments; rectification of title/registration.
29 February 2024
Applicant’s dismissal for want of prosecution set aside due to illness and counsel’s negligence; suit reinstated.
Civil procedure – setting aside dismissal under Order 9 r.23; sufficient cause/good cause – illness and counsel’s negligence; service and registry delays; res judicata/overtaken-by-events; limitation and claims against estate administrators.
29 February 2024
Court grants mandamus compelling respondent to issue appointment and awards damages for unlawful refusal.
* Judicial review – administrative decision – amenability to review and exhaustion of remedies; * Mandamus – compelling public officer to issue appointment; * Public service recruitment – legality and rationality of refusal to appoint; * Reliefs – damages and costs for unlawful administrative action.
29 February 2024
Counterclaim adding third parties without making the plaintiff a counter-defendant is irregular and struck out.
Civil Procedure – Preliminary objections: timeliness of filing defences (Order 8 r.1(2)) and effect of registry dating errors; Counterclaims – requirement that plaintiff be included as counter-defendant (Order 8) and limits on introducing third parties; Misjoinder and multifariousness – proper use of Order 1 r.10 or Order 14 third-party notice; Pleadings – requirement that plaint disclose a cause of action (Auto Garage test).
29 February 2024
Court ordered direct transfer of district-held Kihonda land title to national land authority to enforce prior ruling.
Judicial review — enforcement of judgments — consequential orders to give effect to a prior ruling; transfer of district-owned land title; Civil Procedure Act ss. 34 and 98; unchallenged affidavit evidence; execution of decrees; land registration.
2 February 2024
Court finds councilors in contempt for suspending the District Service Commission despite an existing interim order, expunges minutes, and awards damages.
Contempt of court – interim order restraining motions – knowledge and disobedience – statutory immunity of local government officials not absolute – unsigned council minutes expunged – damages and costs awarded.
2 February 2024
December 2023
Government delay and COVID‑19 restrictions did not constitute sufficient cause to set aside the ex parte judgment.
Civil procedure – setting aside ex parte decree – Order 9 r.27 – Government Proceedings (Civil Procedure) r.6 – service of summons – sufficient cause – COVID‑19 restrictions and police investigations not constituting sufficient cause – abuse of process.
22 December 2023
Appellate court upheld respondent’s ownership, found purchasers had notice, and dismissed the appeal with costs.
* Land law – ownership dispute – proof by oral/secondary evidence when original sale agreement is lost; credibility of witnesses. * Bona fide purchaser for value without notice – elements and effect of actual or constructive notice. * Appellate review – scope in re-evaluating witness credibility. * Damages – appellate reluctance to interfere absent wrong principle or manifestly erroneous award.
22 December 2023
The applicant’s appeal was struck out for being filed out of time despite the deponent’s capacity to swear the affidavit.
Civil procedure – Appeals from registrar – statutory time limits under section 79(1)(b) – appeal struck out for being filed out of time; Corporate affidavits – deponent capacity – Accounts Relationship Supervisor held to have sufficient authority; Article 126(2)(e) Constitution – not a license to evade procedural timelines; Setting aside dismissal orders – merits rendered moot where appeal incompetent.
22 December 2023
Court refused leave to amend counterclaim because application failed to meet Order 6 r.19 amendment principles.
Civil procedure – Amendment of pleadings – Order 6 r.19 CPR – Leave to amend to be granted only if amendment is bona fide, necessary to raise real issues, does not unjustly prejudice the other party, avoids multiplicity and does not introduce a distinct new cause of action; application to add fraud allegations and general damages refused for failure to meet these principles; procedural objection as to time/service considered but dismissal based on merits.
22 December 2023
Amendment of a counterclaim refused for failing to satisfy Order 6 rule 19 principles and avoiding prejudice.
Civil Procedure – Amendment of pleadings – Order 6 r 19 CPR – Leave to amend to be granted only where amendment is bona fide, avoids injustice and multiplicity, does not substantially change cause of action, and is not mala fide; time‑bar and prejudice arguments in opposing amendments.
22 December 2023
An interim stay of execution pending review was granted to protect occupants from imminent eviction under a consent judgment.
Land law — Consent judgment — Representative suit — Review and setting aside of consent orders — Interim stay of execution — High Court inherent powers (s.98 Civil Procedure Act) — Preservation of status quo to prevent rendering substantive application nugatory.
22 December 2023
The appeal succeeded because the respondent's claim for recovery of land was time-barred and the trial magistrate erred.
• Limitation Act (Sections 5 & 11) – accrual of action to recover land – distinction between recovery of land and continuous trespass. • Possession and adverse possession – proof of actual possession and intention to exclude others; effect of shifting/vacation on title disputes. • Appellate review – re-appraisal of factual findings and credibility where trial findings overlook material features. • Allegation of judicial bias – requires proof; omission to reference every piece of evidence is not necessarily bias.
22 December 2023
Appellants failed to prove title; customary occupation and lack of purchaser due diligence sustained ownership and dismissal of appeal.
* Land law – customary tenure – ownership determined by long-term occupation and conduct (lease/freehold applications). * Evidence – burden of proof and evaluation on a balance of probabilities in unregistered land disputes. * Purchaser’s duty – due diligence required for purchases of unregistered land; bona fide purchaser protection limited to registered interests. * Appellate review – first appellate court must re-evaluate evidence though may give due weight to trial findings.
22 December 2023
Purchaser held in contempt only for breaching consent judgment’s rental and maintenance terms, not for ownership or title.
Contempt of court – consent judgment – existence and survival of consent order after death – requirement of knowledge and non‑compliance – scope of consent judgment confined to rental income and maintenance, not ownership or title – service of process and computation of time (24 December–15 January exclusion) – remedies: fine, compensation, default imprisonment, costs.
22 December 2023
Failure to plead fraud/connivance prevents a new cause of action; bringing buyers is not trespass; counsel’s drafting binds client.
* Civil procedure – Pleadings – parties bound by their pleadings; O.6 r 7 CPR prohibits raising new grounds without amendment. * Property law – Trespass – unauthorized entry required; bringing buyers/connivance does not automatically constitute trespass. * Costs – Client bound by counsel’s pleadings; remedy for negligent drafting is professional negligence action.
22 December 2023
Adverse possession can defeat a registered title where the purchaser failed physical due diligence and the possessor occupied for 12 years.
Appeal procedure — service of memorandum of appeal — service mandatory but court may hear where respondent aware and not prejudiced; Land law — purchaser's duty of due diligence requires registry search plus physical inspection and survey; Adverse possession — Limitation Act 12-year prescription can extinguish registered title; Registration of Titles Act — indefeasibility subject to fraud and loss by adverse possession.
22 December 2023
October 2023
Court granted temporary injunction restraining administrator from dealing with estate pending main suit, overruling affidavit-authority objection.
* Civil procedure – preliminary objection – affidavit by one applicant for many – deponent’s personal knowledge suffices; written authority not required. * Civil procedure – interlocutory relief – Order 41 r.1(a) – temporary injunction: prima facie case, irreparable injury, balance of convenience. * Succession law – letters of administration – allegations of fraud, failure to file inventory and unlawful disposition of estate property may justify preservation orders.
27 October 2023
Application to dismiss appeal for non-payment of security dismissed after respondents proved deposit; withdrawal allowed with no costs.
Civil procedure – Withdrawal/discontinuance of proceedings – Order 25 r.1(1)-(3) and r.7 – leave to withdraw by court’s discretion – requirement of chamber summons – mootness where payment of court-ordered security is proved – proof of payment (receipts, EFT) suffices to defeat dismissal for non-payment.
27 October 2023
Leave granted to amend plaint to add estate distribution relief; amendment not a new cause of action and causes no prejudice.
Civil procedure – Amendment of pleadings under Order 6 r19 and Section 98 – Whether an amendment introducing a relief for distribution of an estate constitutes a new cause of action; prejudice to the other party; avoiding multiplicity of proceedings.
27 October 2023
Revocation application dismissed because applicants failed to prove a co‑administrator's death and meet Section 234 requirements.
Succession law – Revocation of letters of administration – Section 234(2)(d) (inoperative or useless grant) – Burden of proof under Evidence Act s.101 – Requirement to prove death of co‑administrator – Mis‑pleading not fatal where court may consider correct provision in interests of justice.
27 October 2023
Consent judgment in a representative suit was set aside for failure to comply with mandatory representative‑suit procedures.
* Civil Procedure – Representative actions – Order 1 rule 8 – mandatory requirements (written authorizations, list of persons, notice/advertisement, court verification) – non‑compliance renders suit irregular/incompetent. * Consent judgments – vitiation where procured by illegality, ignorance of material facts, fraud or collusion. * Execution – party seeking to rely on execution must prove proper and complete execution; incomplete compensation documents may not establish execution. * Remedies – setting aside consent judgment, injunction against eviction, costs awarded.
27 October 2023
Ex parte judgment set aside because corporate defendant was not properly served; receptionist was not an authorised agent.
Civil procedure — setting aside ex parte judgment — O.9 r 27 CPR; service on corporations — O.29 r 2 and O.5 r 1 CPR — service must be on company secretary, director or principal officer; receptionist or unnamed recipient at reception not necessarily authorised agent; defective return of service invalidates ex parte decree.
27 October 2023
Appeal allowed: land is communal clan property; trial court erred and eviction/injunction set aside.
* Land law – customary/clan land – determination of individual versus communal ownership; burden of proof under the Evidence Act. * Civil procedure – locus in quo – admissibility of evidence and Practice Direction No.1 of 2007; witnesses at locus must testify in open court and be subject to oath and cross-examination. * Evidence – improperly admitted locus evidence may be disregarded where sufficient independent evidence supports the result. * Remedies – eviction, injunction and demolition orders require proven title and proper procedure.
27 October 2023
Beneficiaries may be joined to litigation affecting an estate to protect their interests despite an existing administrator.
Civil procedure – Joinder of parties (Order 1 r.13) – Beneficiaries' locus standi to sue or be joined in proceedings affecting an estate despite existence of administrator – Avoidance of multiplicity of suits – Discretionary addition of parties.
27 October 2023
March 2023
Handwriting expert evidence established a forged will, leading to invalidation, intestacy and an injunction on enforcement.
Testamentary law – validity of wills – forgery – handwriting expert evidence corroborating anomalies; will declared void; intestacy; injunction against enforcement; Originating Summons inappropriate where oral evidence required; letters of administration ordered; no damages awarded; no costs.
31 March 2023
August 2019
Sole witness identification found reliable, supporting convictions for murder, aggravated robbery and attempted murder.
Criminal law – murder; aggravated robbery; attempted murder – identification by sole witness; Abdala Nabulere test for identification; post‑mortem and PF3 evidence; rejection of alibi; conviction on all counts.
16 August 2019
April 2019

 

25 April 2019
February 2017
Guardianship application dismissed for failure to meet mandatory residence, clearance and probation/specialist recommendation requirements.
Children — Guardianship — Welfare of the child paramount; Guardianship requirements under Children (Amendment) Act 2016 ss.43A, 43F — continuous residence, criminal record clearance, and probation/social welfare recommendation mandatory; foreign‑based applicant’s financial support insufficient; application dismissed.
28 February 2017