High Court of Uganda

The High Court of Uganda is the third court of record in order of hierarchy and has unlimited original jurisdiction, which means that it can try any case of any value or crime of any magnitude. Appeals from all Magistrates Courts go to the High Court. 

The High Court is headed by the Honorable Principal Judge who is responsible for the administration of the court and has supervisory powers over Magistrate's courts. 

Physical address
Plot 2, the Square Kampala
146 judgments

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146 judgments
Citation
Judgment date
December 2005
Construction of a public road through private land without agreement or compensation amounted to unlawful trespass and deprivation of constitutional property rights.
Land law; trespass – construction of public road across private land without agreement; breach of Land Act s.73(1) and Article 26 constitutional protections; compulsory acquisition and compensation; proof of special damages; exemplary damages for arbitrary state conduct.
31 December 2005
Court found the Army driver negligent, held the defendant vicariously liable, and awarded damages for grievous injuries and loss.
* Road traffic accident – negligence – failure to stop at stop/yield sign – driver emerging from side road at speed. * Vicarious liability – servant acting in course of employment – prima facie case and burden on employer to rebut. * Contributory negligence – defence must prove specific allegations; no evidence found to establish contribution. * Damages – proof of grievous personal injuries, loss of earnings and special damages; interest and costs awarded.
22 December 2005
Defendants' application for leave to appeal an interlocutory ruling was refused as it would delay, not advance, the case.
Civil procedure – interlocutory orders – leave to appeal – appeals discouraged unless controlling question of law or immediate appeal materially advances litigation; consent orders conditional; stay of proceedings not granted.
21 December 2005
Part payment vests beneficial interest in purchaser; vendor's sale to third parties warrants refund, interest and costs.
* Sale of land – part payment – vendor becomes trustee in equity for purchaser – beneficial interest vests on part payment (Lysaght v Edwards). * Breach by vendor selling to third parties – remedies include restitution, specific performance or damages. * Unregistered contractual interest – may give right to damages where specific performance is impossible.
20 December 2005
Appeal dismissed; conviction and imprisonment upheld; ejectment order lacked statutory basis and warrant may issue under section 92.
Criminal appeal – trespass and willful occupation – claim of right (bibanja) – credibility of evidence – appeal record completeness – sentencing not shown on record cannot be challenged on appeal – Magistrate’s order for ejectment must be grounded in proper statutory authority (s.92) – direction to issue warrant if convict still occupying land.
19 December 2005
Conviction quashed where circumstantial evidence failed to prove accused knowingly uttered a forged cheque.
* Criminal law – Circumstantial evidence – conviction valid only if facts are incompatible with innocence and exclude every reasonable hypothesis other than guilt. * Burden of proof – prosecution must prove guilty knowledge; accused need not prove innocence. * Offences – uttering a false document, obtaining by false pretences, abuse of office – proof requires culpable knowledge. * Duty to call key witnesses – failure to call material witness can undermine prosecution case.
19 December 2005
Court held a consent order was interlocutory and retained jurisdiction to determine compliance; defendants' objection overruled.
Consent order — Interlocutory versus final judgment — Court's jurisdiction to determine compliance with consent orders — Proceedings to continue on pleadings as at date of consent order — Objection that consent order is final overruled with costs.
14 December 2005
Applicants demobilised from a security service entitled to unpaid terminal benefits; court awards damages, interest and costs.
* Employment law – status of security operatives – demobilisation versus lawful termination * Remedies – terminal benefits, pension, gratuity, arrears, allowances and general damages * Limitation/time bar – pleadings, admitted facts and exhibit defeating time‑bar defence * Evidence – absence of respondent's evidence and lack of pleaded cause for summary dismissal * Relief – award of damages, interest and costs
12 December 2005
Plaintiffs authorized to cut burnt trees breached terms by cutting live trees; seizure under Forests Act was lawful.
* Forests Act – authorization to harvest burnt trees – contractual evidence by applications, demand notes and receipts – scope limited to burnt timber. * Illegal encroachment – cutting live trees reserved for licensed sawmillers – breach of contract and contravention of section 13 of the Forests Act. * Seizure of forest produce and implements – lawful under section 26 where officers reasonably suspect forfeiture; seizure by defendant’s enforcement officers was in course of employment. * Remedies – return of tools of trade; illegally harvested timber to be sold by public auction by Forest Authority. * Evidentiary burden – special damages and counterclaims must be strictly proved.
9 December 2005
A power of attorney did not authorize using donor’s land to guarantee a third party’s loan; registered revocation defeated the mortgage.
Power of Attorney – strict construction; authority to pledge land only for donee’s borrowings; no authority to guarantee third-party loans; revocation of power of attorney registered prior to mortgage registration defeats subsequent charge; corporate veil not lifted where no fraud or agency established; mortgage invalid where based on unauthorized power.
9 December 2005
Employee lawfully dismissed for misconduct; retirement-style terminal benefits not payable when termination is disciplinary.
* Employment law – dismissal for misconduct – presetting of meter and creation of 'ghost supply' – requirement of fair hearing and natural justice. * Interpretation of Standing Orders – distinguishing retirement/repeal benefits (Standing Order No.54) from ordinary termination benefits (Standing Order No.8). * Remedies – damages for wrongful dismissal not awarded where termination is lawful and correct benefits paid.
8 December 2005
Conviction for defilement where medical evidence and victim identification corroborated penetration and accused's identity.
* Criminal law – Defilement – elements: age of victim, sexual intercourse (penetration), accused’s responsibility. * Medical evidence – bruise on labia minora as corroboration; intact hymen does not preclude penetration. * Identification – victim picking out accused at arrest as proof of identity despite no formal parade. * Burden of proof – prosecution must prove offence beyond reasonable doubt. * Fabrication defence – assessed against sequence of independent discovery by teachers.
2 December 2005
November 2005
Pre-judgment interest does not automatically push a magistrate‑court claim beyond jurisdiction; magistrate may decree principal and state interest percentage.
* Civil procedure – Jurisdiction of magistrates’ courts – Whether pre-judgment interest converts a claim beyond monetary jurisdiction. * Interpretation of s.26 Civil Procedure Act – distinction between pre‑filing (substantive) interest and post‑filing/judgment discretionary interest. * Interest – percentage as non‑quantum; magistrate may state interest rate without decreeing resultant large sum. * Execution and decree quantification deferred to post‑judgment procedures.
30 November 2005
Court referred a constitutional bail question to the Constitutional Court and granted the applicant interim bail pending determination.
* Constitutional law – Bail – Interpretation of Article 23(6): right to apply for bail and automatic release where remand exceeds constitutional periods.* Constitutional supremacy – Statutory bail provisions inconsistent with Article 23(6) must yield (Article 273).* Constitutional procedure – Mandatory referral to the Constitutional Court under Article 137(5)(b) when a party requests determination of a substantial constitutional question.* Interim bail – granted pending constitutional determination subject to undertakings, sureties, surrender of travel documents and reporting conditions.
25 November 2005
Applicant’s dismissal upheld: written explanations and documentary evidence sufficed; no denial of fair hearing proved.
Administrative law – dismissal from public service – natural justice – adequacy of written explanation in lieu of oral hearing; misconduct (dishonesty) supported by audit evidence; discretionary nature of oral hearing.
22 November 2005
Father appointed guardian to access trust funds for minors where appointment served the children’s best interests.
Family law – Guardianship – Appointment of parent as guardian to enable access to trust funds left by deceased parent – Best interests of the child – Procedural requirement for minors’ attendance at hearing.
22 November 2005
Mis-citation of the enabling provision for extending appeal time is an amendable irregularity; Section 79(1) CPA governs extensions.
Civil procedure – Extension of time to appeal – Proper enabling provision – Order 47 r.6 CPR limited to periods fixed by Rules or Court – Section 79(1) Civil Procedure Act governs appeals and permits extension – Mis-citation of enabling law an irregularity amendable by court.
15 November 2005
A Letters of Administration granted without jurisdiction is void; claims founded on it disclose no cause of action and may be dismissed.
Administration of estates – Jurisdictional limit of Chief Magistrate under s.2(1)(c) (Shs.100,000) – Grant of Letters of Administration issued without jurisdiction is null and void and revocable; Effect of invalid grant on plaintiff’s cause of action against bank and Administrator General; Preliminary objections of lack of jurisdiction and alleged fraud in grant.
14 November 2005
Convictions and concurrent sentences for corruption and unlawful documents affirmed despite conflicting forensic evidence; compensation order set aside.
Criminal law – making documents without authority; forgery/author identification; forensic document examination – sequence of writings and intersecting ink analysis; weight of conflicting expert evidence; appellate re-evaluation of trial findings; sentencing – concurrency and proportionality; Magistrates’ Courts Act s.209(1) – scope of compensation orders.
11 November 2005
Interdiction that exceeds personnel manual limits is unlawful, but a properly conducted disciplinary hearing can validate subsequent termination.
Employment law – interdiction/suspension – breach of employer’s personnel manual where interdiction exceeded six months and 12-month cap; natural justice – fair hearing before disciplinary committee suffices for lawful termination; defamation – claimant must prove publication by defendant and particularise defamatory words; remedies – unpaid interdiction pay, general damages for unlawful interdiction, interest and costs.
9 November 2005
Court revoked letters of administration obtained by fraud, cancelled the land transfer and restored title to the deceased.
• Succession Act – grant of Letters of Administration – revocation under s.234 where grant obtained by fraud. • Probate and succession – locus standi – consanguinity and priority of siblings over more remote kindred. • Fraud – civil standard of proof (strict on balance of probabilities) applicable to revocation of administration grants. • Land registration – cancellation of transfer instrument procured via fraudulent probate proceedings.
4 November 2005
October 2005
Court appointed relatives as legal guardians, prioritising children's welfare and allowing removal abroad despite absent father's consent.
* Family law – Guardianship and custody – Appointment of relatives as legal guardians – Welfare principle under the Children Act as paramount consideration. * Evidence – Probation and welfare officer’s report and parental consent as material factors in guardianship decisions. * Family law – Dispensation of absent biological father’s consent where father has abandoned children. * Family law – Authority to remove minors from jurisdiction granted to guardians while minors.
21 October 2005
Protracted settlement negotiations do not constitute a disability to toll limitation; claim dismissed as time‑barred.
Civil procedure – res judicata – requirements for issue to be barred by prior suit; Limitation – whether protracted settlement negotiations amount to "disability" excusing delay – held not to amount to disability; Pleadings – consequence of suit being time‑barred – plaint rejected.
19 October 2005
Registered title and long possession establish plaintiff's ownership; defendant's late claim is unlawful and amounts to trespass.
Land law – Title and possession – Registered title and long, undisturbed possession establish ownership – Late unpleaded claim by defendant held unlawful – Survey, subdivision or sale by trespasser ineffective – Unpleaded special damages not awardable but may be taxed as costs.
17 October 2005
Bank lawfully recalled loan after borrower’s default but unlawfully debited account; plaintiff awarded general damages and partial costs.
* Contract law – Loan agreement – repayment schedule as condition – default permits lender to recall and realize security under contractual clause.* Banking law – unauthorized debits/crediting third-party accounts – bank must prove entitlement to debit customer account; burden may shift under evidence law.* Civil procedure – requirement to plead particulars (Order 6) for allegations of undue influence, fraud or breach of trust.* Remedies – special damages must be specially pleaded and proved; general damages and costs may be awarded for wrongful debiting.
13 October 2005
Interdiction during CID/DPP investigations was justified under Rule 36; no prior administrative hearing was required and judicial review relief was refused.
* Judicial review – prerogative remedies – certiorari, prohibition and mandamus – discretionary relief. * Public service law – interdiction under Rule 36 of Public Service Commission Regulations – grounds and procedure. * Administrative law – natural justice – requirement (or not) of prior hearing where criminal investigations are ongoing. * Constitutional roles – Attorney General, Solicitor General, Police and DPP interaction in public officer interdiction. * Burden of proof – applicant’s duty to show status of criminal and disciplinary processes before court will grant relief.
10 October 2005
Publication of false allegations of criminality was defamatory; defendant personally liable, Attorney General not vicariously liable.
Defamation – publication and admissibility of memorandum; imputing criminality actionable per se; vicarious liability – scope of employment; qualified privilege – reciprocity of interest and malice; damages – general vs exemplary.
7 October 2005
Objectors failed to prove lawful possession or a defence to execution; appeals dismissed with costs.
Civil procedure – execution of decree – objector proceedings – necessity to prove lawful possession or adverse possession at attachment; Service and default judgment – requirement of proper proof of service and absence of good cause to set aside; Affidavit evidence – severability and evaluation of annexures; Proprietary claims – remedy for value of improvements is by separate suit; Authority: Patel v Patel (possession on behalf of another).
5 October 2005
Civil Procedure
4 October 2005
Plaintiff entitled to US$1,100,000 (including US$60,000) plus 25% interest; judgment entered with costs.
Debt and enforcement – Consent judgment and memorandum of agreement establish indebtedness; treatment of advance deposit – US$60,000 held to form part of debt; lease renewal – authority of director questioned; relief – payment of US$1,100,000 with 25% interest and costs.
1 October 2005
September 2005
Consent order granting letters of administration, vacating caveat, allocating estate properties and ordering payment to the applicant.
* Administration law – Grant of letters of administration by consent – caveat vacated; * Estate division – Consent allocation of specific immovable properties between applicant and respondents; * Compensation – payment obligation for acquisition of applicant's interest in kibanja; * Consent judgment – court recording and entering parties' settlement as order.
30 September 2005
Court appointed parents guardians for the limited purpose of mortgaging jointly owned land as being in the children’s best interests.
Guardianship — Appointment of parents as guardians for a specific purpose — Whether limited guardianship to permit mortgaging jointly owned land is in the best interests of the children.
27 September 2005
Adoption granted where petition complied with statutory requirements and child’s welfare; registration required within 21 days.
* Adoption law – statutory compliance and the paramount welfare principle – sufficiency of parental and spousal consents, probation/social welfare recommendation, and supporting documentation – mandatory registration of adoption order within specified timeframe.
27 September 2005
State held vicariously liable for unlawful LDU shooting; damages and apportioned liability awarded to the plaintiff.
State vicarious liability; unlawful use of state-issued arms by LDUs; course of employment; apportionment of liability; damages for grievous bodily harm.
21 September 2005
Accused convicted of murder: eyewitness accounts and injury pattern proved killing and malice despite excluded medical report.
* Criminal law – Murder – proof of death and cause by lay witnesses where post-mortem evidence excluded; identification at scene by eyewitnesses including child witness; malice aforethought inferred from weapon, manner of attack and injuries; alibi negatived; grudge allegation insufficient to displace credible prosecution evidence.
16 September 2005
Whether the prosecution proved all elements of murder and specifically the accused’s personal participation in the fatal assault.
Criminal law – Murder – elements: death, unlawful killing, malice aforethought and causation; inference of malice from nature and extent of injuries; reliability of eyewitness identification; prosecution’s burden to prove accused’s participation beyond reasonable doubt.
15 September 2005
Accused convicted of defilement of a 13-year-old relative; medical and witness corroboration supported conviction and eight-year sentence.
Defilement — elements: age of victim, unlawful sexual intercourse, identification of assailant; corroboration by medical and witness evidence; evaluation of alibi/total denial; sentencing considerations — relationship to victim, gravity, youth, remand credit.
15 September 2005
Death was unlawful but malice not proved; accused convicted of manslaughter and sentenced to seven years.
Criminal law – Homicide: proof of death and unlawfulness; murder vs manslaughter – malice aforethought; circumstantial evidence – Simon Musoke test; disappearing conduct and admissions as inference of guilt; sentencing – youth and remand period.
15 September 2005
Medical and witness evidence established that the accused unlawfully had sexual intercourse with a girl under 18; convicted and sentenced to three years.
* Criminal law – Defilement – Elements: age, penetration, and participation – proof beyond reasonable doubt. * Evidentiary issues – Corroboration by medical evidence – recent hymenal rupture and traumatic vaginal inflammation as proof of penetration and use of force. * Capacity to marry – minority prevents lawful marriage; subsequent marriage does not absolve prior defilement. * Sentencing – mitigation for first offender and lengthy remand custody may significantly reduce sentence for serious sexual offences.
14 September 2005
Accused convicted of defilement: age, penetration and identity proved; sentenced to 15 years imprisonment.
Criminal law – Defilement (s.129 Penal Code) – Elements: age, penetration, identity; proof by victim’s testimony corroborated by medical and parent/relative examination; prompt complaint and proximity as identity evidence; defences of alibi/grudge/denial rejected; sentencing balance between deterrence and mitigation.
14 September 2005
Medical, documentary and eyewitness evidence proved defilement; the accused was convicted and sentenced to ten years.
Criminal law – Defilement: elements – age of victim, penetration and identity; medical evidence and birth certificate admissible under s66 Trial on Indictments Act; corroboration by third-party eyewitness; alibi and grudge defences rejected; sentencing considerations – aggravation, remand, lack of prior record.
14 September 2005
Whether the prosecution proved defilement beyond reasonable doubt and the appropriate custodial sentence for the convicted accused.
Criminal law – Defilement (s.129(1) Penal Code) – elements: victim under 18, penetrative intercourse, accused's participation; Evidence – medical corroboration and immediate complaint; Identification – daylight, known assailant; Sentence – aggravating (seriousness, breach of trust) and mitigating (youth, first offender, time served).
14 September 2005
Rape of a mentally impaired complainant proved by medical and single‑witness identification; accused convicted and sentenced to seven years.
* Criminal law – Rape – Proof of penetration and lack of consent by medical and circumstantial evidence where complainant is mentally impaired. * Criminal procedure – Evidence admitted under s.66 Trial on Indictments Act deemed proved. * Identification – Single-witness identification at night; Nabulere principles applied. * Sentencing – seriousness of rape of a mentally impaired person balanced against first‑offender status and lengthy remand.
14 September 2005
Accused convicted of defilement where medical and testimonial evidence established the victim was under 18 despite claimed marriage.
* Criminal law – Defilement – elements: victim under 18, unlawful sexual intercourse, accused's participation; sufficiency of proof. * Evidence – proving age: birth certificate preferred; in its absence, medical assessment, witness testimony, school status and judicial observation may suffice. * Consent and purported marriage – alleged marriage to a minor does not negate defilement. * Sentencing – exercise of discretion with regard to remand period and lack of previous convictions.
12 September 2005
Conviction for defilement based on medical evidence, child testimony and corroboration including accused’s flight.
Criminal law – Defilement – elements: age of victim, unlawful (penetrative) sexual intercourse, identity of perpetrator – Evidence: medical report (ruptured hymen), child of tender years’ testimony, corroboration by independent witness and conduct of accused (flight) – Defence: alibi and denial rejected – Sentence: 15 years imprisonment (credit for remand).
6 September 2005
Council’s irregular referral and Commission interdiction breached audi alteram and statutory procedure; certiorari granted and damages awarded.
Administrative law – Judicial review – Certiorari to quash administrative decisions for breach of natural justice and statutory procedure; Local Governments Act – requirement of prescribed notice and two‑thirds majority for council resolutions to remove a CAO; jurisdictional limits of District Service Commission's interdiction powers.
1 September 2005
Whether taxed interlocutory costs can be executed independently once the main suit orders parties to meet their own costs.
Interlocutory costs; execution of taxed costs; discretion under section 27(1) Civil Procedure Act; relation between interlocutory taxed costs and final costs order; registrar’s direction to retain taxed bill; Devram Nanji Dattani principle.
1 September 2005
Conviction for defilement where age, penetration and identity were proved; sentenced to six years imprisonment.
* Criminal law – Defilement – Elements: victim’s age, penetration, identity – Proof beyond reasonable doubt. * Evidence – Medical evidence and parental examination as corroboration of penetration. * Evidence – Alibi and grudge defenses; collapse of alibi. * Evidence – Poorly recorded caution statement held to lack evidentiary value. * Sentencing – youth, prior juvenile caution, remand credit, and deterrence considerations.
1 September 2005
Victim’s age, penetration and accused’s identity proved beyond reasonable doubt; accused convicted of defilement and sentenced to nine years.
* Criminal law – Defilement – Elements: victim under 18, penetration, identity of accused. * Evidence – Medical report admissible under section 66 memorandum and deemed proved. * Identification – Daylight discovery and immediate arrest as strong corroboration. * Sentencing – Balancing aggravating factors (victim’s age, public interest) and mitigation (accused’s youth, remand).
1 September 2005
Accused convicted of defilement where medical and witness evidence proved penetration, identity, and victim's age.
* Criminal law – Defilement – Elements: victim under 18, unlawful sexual intercourse (penetration), accused's participation * Evidence – Child complainant – corroboration by immediate report to third party * Medical evidence – Signs of recent penetration and injuries admissible under section 66 Trial on Indictments Act * Identification – Daylight, neighbour, immediate naming supports reliability * Sentencing – Aggravation (tender age) and mitigation (first offender, remand) considered
1 September 2005