Succession law – Letters of Administration – Misnomer and name discrepancies – Application of misnomer doctrine and “reasonable reader” test – Court’s inherent powers to prevent injustice and recognize administrator despite name variation.

Civil procedure – Second appeal limited to questions of law; appellate re-evaluation of evidence. Land law – proof of purchase versus clan/ancestral land; requirements for valid gift inter vivos. Evidence – admissibility of electronic recordings; necessity of locus in quo visit when ownership central.

Civil procedure — Stay of execution pending appeal — Rule 6(2)(b) and Rule 42(1)/(2) Court of Appeal Rules — Jurisdictional/competency requirements — Locus/standing — Judicial review (prerogative) orders not generally executable — Conditions for stay: prima facie success, irreparable harm, balance of convenience, security — Clean hands doctrine — Independent administrative action (IGG) and freezing of accounts.

Land law – Joint tenancy – Unities of possession, interest, title and time – Modes of severance (unilateral act, agreement, course of dealing, court order) – Severance during subsisting marriage – Procedure for severance v. human rights application under Article 50 – Effect of certificate of title – Permanent injunction and proprietary rights (Article 26).

Court of Appeal – Stay of execution pending appeal – Appeal as of right where decision conclusively determines rights – Requirements for stay: arguable appeal/likelihood of success, irreparable harm/nugatory outcome, balance of convenience, promptness of application – Execution/taxation proceedings and risk of civil imprisonment.

Civil procedure – locus standi in land disputes – distinction between locus standi and cause of action – requirement (or not) of letters of administration for a beneficiary to sue – appellate procedure – service and timing of applications for leave to appeal out of time – competence objections under Court of Appeal Rules (Rules 82, 102) – remittal for hearing on merits.

Second appeal — role of second appellate court under Rule 32(2) and s.72 CPA; Civil Procedure — Rule 83 (institution of appeals and service of application for proceedings); Civil Procedure — Rule 86(1) (contents of memorandum of appeal; requirement to state specific grounds); Evidence — appraisal of inconsistencies and possession in land disputes; Property law — characterization of transaction as mortgage versus sale and principles on clog on redemption.

Civil procedure — Amendment of pleadings (Order 6 r.19) — Leave to amend to determine real questions in controversy — Amendments permissible unless they introduce a distinct new cause, are mala fide, expressly prohibited, or cause irremediable prejudice — Inordinate delay and prejudice as valid grounds for refusal — Statutory notice to Land Commissioner not determinative of refusal in this case.

Constitutional Court composition — Article 137(2) — coram requirements — validity of collegiate judgments where a panel member fails to sign or deliver an opinion — coram non judice — limits of substantive justice (Article 126(2)(e)) — prospective overruling/annulment inapplicable — remittal for rehearing.

Habeas corpus – Article 23 (personal liberty) – Right to habeas corpus inviolable – Burden of proof in habeas corpus – Evidentiary weight of affidavits where documentary records are in detaining authority’s control – Production order to inquire into legality of detention.