Companies Act — locus standi — membership defined by subscription, transfer, allotment or transmission; Registrar’s powers — rectification and expungement of illegally or irregularly obtained filings; Share transfers — board authorisation, pre-emption rights, minutes and procedural compliance; Oppression — requires consistent and sustained conduct, higher threshold than unfairly prejudicial conduct; Fraud/forgery allegations — matters for courts of law.

Land law – proof of title – document not admitted in evidence or untranslated carries no weight; burden of proof in civil cases – claimant must prove land is not family customary land; locus visits – trial court must not take fresh evidence at the site.

Administrative law – Natural justice – Right to fair hearing – Requirement to disclose full investigative reports and evidence to charged professional before disciplinary decision – Decision in violation of natural justice is a nullity; disciplinary suspension quashed.

Stay of execution – requirements for grant – pending appeal; substantial loss; proof burden that respondent cannot repay decretal sum; unreasonable delay/inordinate delay; security for due performance.

Civil procedure — Joinder of parties — Order 1 r.10 CPR requires court leave or application to add parties; Order 1 r.13 CPR permits summary addition at trial; inherent jurisdiction limited by procedural rules; judicial economy; costs awarded for defective joinder.

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Civil procedure – Joinder of parties – Order 1 r.10 and r.13 CPR – Order 6 r.19 CPR – Inherent jurisdiction – Procedural regularity – Judicial economy – Costs for preliminary objection.

Succession — Limited grant of administration under s.256(4) — Expired prior letters of administration — Collection of employment benefits — Requirement to file distribution accounts under s.273(1).

Bail — constitutional right to apply (Article 23(6)(a)) vs judicial discretion — Section 16 Trial on Indictments Act (exceptional circumstances) — 2022 Bail Guidelines — witness interference and complainant safety as grounds to refuse bail.

Civil procedure – Consent judgments – Setting aside registrar-endorsed consent; Arbitration clause and ouster of court jurisdiction; Public contracts – Attorney General legal advice requirement; Authority to bind public university – University Council mandate; Order 9 r.12 & Order 50 r.2 CPR applicability.