Civil Procedure — Objector proceedings (Order 22 Rules 55–57) — burden to prove interest and possession at date of attachment; Oaths Act/Commissioners for Oaths — jurat requirement, place and date — non-compliance grounds for striking affidavits; Evidence — presence of property on land insufficient without specific linkage (records, branding, herdsmen); Execution — obstruction by judgment debtor relevant to possession assessment; Remedies — objector application dismissed, costs awarded to respondent

Arbitration law – mandatory referral under s.5 Arbitration and Conciliation Act – existence and enforceability of arbitration agreement – permissive wording ('may') does not oust statutory duty to refer – dismissal for want of prosecution does not substitute for commenced arbitral proceedings

Civil procedure – Jurisdiction of registrars – Limits of registrar/deputy registrar powers under Order 50 and Practice Direction – Dismissal for non-appearance is substantive and not within registrar’s delegated powers; review for lack of jurisdiction

Civil procedure — Appeal from Magistrate's Court to High Court — Memorandum of appeal mandatory — Notice of appeal does not commence appeal — Limitation for appeals (Section 79 CPA) — Registrar's powers — Illegal extension of time is nullity — Appeal incompetent and dismissed with costs

Civil procedure — Appeal to High Court — Requirement of memorandum of appeal (Order 43) — Section 79 Civil Procedure Act — 30-day time limit — Notice of appeal insufficient — Out-of-time appeal without extension incompetent — Appeal dismissed with costs

Civil procedure — Summary procedure (Order 36) — Leave to appear and defend — Requirement to show bona fide triable issue and attach draft defence — Failure to do so leads to summary judgment and costs

Civil procedure – Admission of additional evidence on appeal – Order 43 Rule 22 – requirements of diligence, relevance, credibility and material influence; Evidence – documentary verification of marriage – background evidence versus juridical basis for property transfer; Fraud – must go to the root to vitiate judgment

Land law – customary/equitable interest v registered title – procuring registration to defeat pre-existing unregistered interest amounts to fraud – unpleaded defences not allowed – expired leasehold title cannot be cancelled – remedies: declaration of equitable ownership, damages, costs, and compensation

Advocates' costs — taxation of advocate-client bill — Regulation 47 and section 63 Advocates Act — res judicata — requirement of a Judge's order before Registrar taxation — competence of Deputy Registrar

Employment law — Probationary contracts — Distinction between constitutional right to a fair hearing (Article 28) and natural justice right to be heard — Sections 67(1) & 71(3) Employment Act 2006 challenged — Provision not inconsistent with Articles 20, 28(1), 42, 44(c) — Foreign law inadmissible without proper proof